职称英语翻译题库

2015年职称英语考试真题及答案综合类A级阅读理解

2017年职称英语考试复习已经开始，为了让大家了解职称英语考试难易程度，下面网我为大家提供了职称英语历年考试真题及答案详解，以下是2015年职称英语考试真题及答案综合类A级阅读理解。

第4部分：阅读理解(第31〜45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇 What’s killing the Bats

First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifiigus，)but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed bat，the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.

One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌)known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don’t know if the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death，or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.

Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾)，and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can’t eat enough food, they starve to death.

Still other scientists believe that global wanning is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been walking up hibernating (冬目民)bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.

Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off，but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there aren’t enough bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat while bats live a long time for their size---the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years---a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered.

How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bats that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your lock Fish&Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.

29. what is the main idea of this passage?

A. All species of bats in North America are dying.

B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats

C. The bat deaths are a serious problem

D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.

30. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. Bees have been dying mysteriously

B. The first article on the website is about bees.

C. Bees usually die before bats

D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.

31. The word “pipistrelle” in Paragraph I refers to

A. a kind of ftmgus

B. an area in the U.S.

C. a special cave

D. a kind of bat

32. The “moths” in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of

A. disease that kill bats

B. insects that bats eat

C. animals that have diseases

D. bat species that are starving to death

33. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A. to get people to stop killing bats

B. to hire workers for the Fish&Wildlife Department

C. to ask people not to touch dead bats

D. to tell the public how to help bats.

第二篇 Is There a Way to Keep Britain’s Economy Growing?

In today’s knowledge economy，nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers.

Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk. The World Foundation think tank1 says the UKfs four iconic jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can.

Although the country’s trade deficit was more than £ 60 billion in 2006，UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry, and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services — accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge2 of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock “n” roll3 is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy.

However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UICs exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit，according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities' 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent).

In fact，it might be better to call Britain a nservantM economy — there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector 一 in shops, bars，hotels，domestic service and in nursing and care homes.

34. According to the World Foundation think tank, one of the iconic jobs in Britain today is

A. law makers

B. home servants

C. school teachers

D. business consultants.

35. The phrase “the cutting edge” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

A. the most popular

B. the mos丈 advanced

C. the most political

D. the proudest

36. The officials are not worried about the trade deficit in 2006，because they believe

A. Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.

B. Britain is home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world.

C. the literary tradition of Britain will help make billions of pounds.

D. the world economy is strong enough to carry the British economy.

37. Which of the following is true about the creative industries in Britain?

A. They are not doing as well as those in other European nations.

B. They contribute a lot to the country’s trade deficit.

C. They can’t make a profit out of their innovative activities.

D. They make Britain on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.

38. It can be inferred from the passage that

A. the gift of talking can keep the British economy growing.

B. the British economy is the least innovative one in the EU.

C. the British government is over-confident in its economy.

D. being a servant to the rich is one of the best jobs in Britain.

第三篇 The Sandwich Generation

Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown，they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create. However the reality is often very different. In middle age，many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities1: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life. Around the world, there are millions of people who are “sandwiched” in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household — a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them.

There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in the United States，for example, was about 40，whereas today people live to an average age of 75. Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time. The second reason is that these days, young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons. It’s also more common for today’s young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial or emotional support.

Young adults feel sandwiched between their financial responsibilities and their desire to enjoy life. They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents’ financial and legal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents’ future needs, such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic experience for everyone.

Caring for adult children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have to resolve important questions; How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyone’s privacy? Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.

The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming. However, this time in life also has its rewards. It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of one’s parents or children. It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them. However，in order to survive this difficult period in their lives，the members of the sandwich generation must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives. They can’t be totally selfless.

39. According to the first paragraph, many people in middle age

A. are able to take things easier when their children are grown.

B. can’t enjoy their life as they have expected

C. can’t enjoy their life because they haven’t worked hard enough.

D. are facing great pressure from their work.

40. Which is true about the sandwich generation?

A. Their parents are unable to take care of themselves.

B. Their parents are often facing the pressures of life.

C. They are tom between the responsibilities for their parents and children.

D. They all have to live with their parents and children.

41. Why do some young adults choose to live with their parents these days?

A. They are too young to be independent from their parents.

B. They want to help their parents to take care of their aging grandparents.

C. They need support from their parents to deal with their financial problems.

D. They are more emotional than the young adults in the past.

42. The sandwich generation face the following challenges EXCEPT

A. sharing household chores

B . ensuring everyone，s privacy

C. shouldering the financial responsibilities of the household

D. determining who is the caregiver of the family

43. To survive the difficult period in their lives，the sandwich generation need to

A. be totally selfless

B. consider their own wellbeing

C. rediscover the merits of their children

D. value the time spent with their parents.

职称英语考试，主要有以下六种题型。一是词汇选项，是给你一个句子，在句子当中给你找出一个单词划横线，在A、B、C、D四个选项当中，选出划横线的同义的单词。这个可以利用字典来解答这种题型（考试可以查询字典的）。二是阅读理解题，是整个考试卷面当中，相对比较难的题。它虽然不是最难的题但是是占分值最大的题。三是阅读判断题目，阅读判断，不同于阅读理解，除了将文章读完，找到题目对应的答案所在句之外，还需要将这个题目在原文中的句子和题目进行比较，最终得出是正确还是错误。四是完型填空题型，最重要一点，完型填空，你至少应该用15分钟左右时间做完。对于完型填空，我们考生应该怎么样把握。五是概括大意与完成句子，是把一篇文章考两遍。第一遍是考概括大意题，直接到指定段落当中寻找中心主题句的过程。第二是考完型句子，把第一句话的意思补全，要求他在意思上，语法上都与原文一致，而且语法必须要正确。六是补全短文， 给出你大概230到250字的文章，从中拿出五个独立完整的句子，然后给你六个选项，要求考生读完后，顺序按原文章出现的形式，把文章恢复原貌。

质疑教育功能的电视孩子们学习从电视节目,而且几乎没有更他们观看少,他们记得。他们把电视作为纯粹的娱乐项目,对他们的需求很惊讶,任何人都应该采取中认真。远非兴奋的项目,他们是温和的厌烦了整件事。这是主要的一项新的研究结论的儿童和电视。作者——心脏Cullingford证实了现代孩子一个专门的观众。研究表明,那里有小点在以后的小时。超过一个第三的孩子看他们最喜欢的节目经常晚上9点以后所有看过节目11岁的午夜。除了明显的浪费时间参与,似乎有一点影响,这一切看。孩子们不注意,他们说,Cullingford可以很清楚地回忆起一些细节。他们可以清楚地记得他们看过的节目,但他们很少能够解释某一特定情节的元素。回忆是在“数量成反比他们看了”。正是因为电视,不像一个老师,需求,很少的关注和响应,孩子们喜欢它,认为Cullingford。程序寻求将消息是非常的不喜欢严重。所以人经常谈论在萤幕上。孩子们最喜欢和最容易记住,这个广告。他们视自制软件在他们自己的权力和特别喜欢幽默的简报。但再一次,其反应强烈反对此举公开高压广告影响他们。在另一方面,他们也不是在感情上参与计划。如果他们羡慕星星,不是因为你是一个迷人的生活和演员铅赚到很多的钱,不是因为他们的虚构的技巧与快速的汽车和射击恶棍。他们是完全清楚广告的功能;12岁的孩子,只有的人相信

这是一篇关于中国人的“乐天知命”的观念的文章，后面附有翻译和练习题，欢迎大家阅读。

(be content with 以…为满足;lot n. 命运)

1. Peter Hessler described two lifestyles and asked his Chinese students to choose the one they preferred, either a very long yet ultimately average and uneventful life, or a very exciting, fan-filled life that only lasted 24 years. Almost all of his 20 something year old students chose the first option. This surprised Peter because, from his experience with American youths, he was sure the Americans wouldn't have chosen a long, uneventful life.

1、彼得•赫斯勒(简称PH)请他的中国学生在以下两种生活方式(two lifestyles)中选择其一(they preferred定语从句，修饰the one;prefer vi. 喜欢;ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事)：一种是平庸却长寿(uneventful adj. 平凡的)，另一种是只能活24年(that only lasted 24 years)却享乐无比。那些20岁左右(something adj. 大约，没想到还有这个意思，所以要特别注意)的学生们几乎都选择了第一种生活。彼得十分惊讶，在他看来美国青年并不会如此一致地选择平庸但长寿的生活(可译为：这令彼得十分惊讶，因为以他对美国青年的经验，他认定他们不会选择平庸但长寿的生活)。

2. The Chinese traditionally think (that) an uneventful, but long life is better than a short life fall of fan and adventure. There's even an idiom for the traditional Chinese attitude, "A good death is worse than a lazy life." This saying reveals a deeply ingrained sense of optimism and acceptance of fate. It's nothing at all like the Western idea of heroes made through tragedy.

2、无聊无趣(平凡的)但天长地久地活下去，好过(is better than)冒生命之险求得享乐的短命，这似乎是中国传统的价值观(直译为：具有传统观念的中国人认为：平凡但长寿要好过沉浸于快乐与冒险的短寿)。有习语(idiom)为证(attitude n. 态度)：“好死不如赖活着。”它透露出根深蒂固的乐观与宿命(acceptance of fate; acceptance n. 接受; fate n. 命运)(saying n. 谚语;reveal vt. 透露;ingrained adj. 根深蒂固;optimism n. 乐观;)。与英雄产生于悲剧(tragedy n.)的西方价值观完全不同(It's nothing at all;at all 根本;完全，用于否定句中)。

3. 30 years ago, at the beginning of China's reform, a group of intellectuals believed the acceptance of one's lot would hurt the growth of the People's Republic. The way they saw it, the Westerners' "seafaring culture" had allowed them to expand and advance while China's "agrarian culture" had shut the country off from the world and kept it focusing on itself.

3、30年前改革开放之初(at the beginning of China's reform)，一批知识分子(intellectuals)认为乐天知命、安于本分的传统观念(the acceptance of one's lot; lot n. 命运，没想到还有这个意思，所以要特别注意)有害于中华民族的发展。在他们看来(The way they saw it)，西方的“蓝色文明(seafaring culture航海文化)”使其开放、进步(allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事);而(while)中国的“黄土文化(agrarian culture耕地文化)”使之封闭、守旧(shut off 切断;keep doing sth. 一直做某事;focus on 集中于)。(这翻译翻的，短的翻长了，长的翻短了，要好好体会)

4. Researching the unique traits of a nationality can reveal a number of interesting features. David N. Keightly is a professor of history at the University of California Berkeley and he made a study of the unique attitudes of the Chinese people. He believed their acceptance of fate originates from a geographical standpoint. The birthplace of the Chinese civilization is the Central Plains where the climate has less variation than the Mediterranean or the Near East. China's two main rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, both run from West to East, and don't change much in latitude. This means the cultivation both upstream and downstream are very similar. This uniformity of the agrarian culture reduced the incentive for mutual trade and the need for people to travel very far. Hence, the exchange of thoughts, ideas and technology became restricted and the ancient Chinese culture tended to isolate itself within their regions of influence.

4、研究一个民族的某种特性是件有趣的事情(Researching the unique traits of a nationality现在分词短语做主语;unique adj. 独特的;独一无二的;trait n. 特性;品质;feature n. 特色，特征，特点;直译为：研究一个民族的特质可以揭示许多有趣的事情)。美国加州大学伯克利分校的历史学教授大卫•凯特利(简称DNK)研究分析了(made a study of)中国人乐天知命的独一无二的人生观(the unique attitudes)。他认为这种特性(宿命，即接受或满足于命运的安排)源于中国特有的地理环境(originate from 起源于; geographical adj. 地理的; standpoint n.立场;观点)。与地中海和近东地区相比，中国文明的发祥地中原地区的气候类型更加有规律可寻(where引导的定语从句修饰the Central Plains; birthplace n. 出生地;variation n. 变化;直译为：中国文明的发源地是在中原地区，这里的气候与地中海和近东地区相比，更加缺少变化)。中国的两大主要河流——黄河和长江——都是自西向东流，而且它们的纬度(latitude)变化也不大，这意味着河流上游和下游(both upstream and downstream)所种植的农作物类型差别不大(cultivation n. 耕种;培养;similar adj. 相似的)。因此就缺乏了相互贸易的动力(the incentive for mutual trade)，中国的古代文明自然就成为农耕文明(uniformity n. 均匀性;一致;incentive n. 动机;刺激;mutual adj. 共同的;相互的;the need for…的必要;直译为：上下游“耕地文明”的一致性减少了相互贸易的动力及人们向更远处旅行的必要)。而那些很少旅行的人们就没有可能去交流思想和技术，封闭由此产生(restricted adj. 受限制的;isolate vt. 使隔离;使孤立;直译为：因此交流思想和技术受到限制，中国古文化趋于在自身势力范围内自我封闭)。

5. According to Professor Keightly's theory, the climate of ancient China was very good. This would create a sense of optimism in the Chinese culture. In comparison, the people of the Mediterranean and the Near East had to face more natural disasters and were less optimistic. Besides the geographical factor which influences the development of cultures, Keightley believes the Chinese practice of ancestor worship has significantly influenced the makeup of the Chinese people. Keightley says, "I believe, the cultures that engage in ancestor worship are going to be conservative cultures. They're not going to find new things attractive because, that will be a challenge to the ancestors. There's no room in this culture for a skeptic."

5、凯特利教授相信中国古代的气候良好(according to 根据;直译为：根据凯特利教授的理论，中国古代的气候良好)，因此生成了中国文化中的那种乐观主义(a sense of optimism)。相比较之下(in comparison)，无论是地中海还是近东，都面临着更多的自然灾害(more natural disasters; disaster n.灾难;不幸; have to do sth. 不得不做某事)，因而少了些乐观。除了地理环境对文化发展的影响(直译为：除了影响文化发展的地理因素外)，凯特利教授认为中国人对祖先的崇拜(the Chinese practice of ancestor worship;practice of ….有…的习惯;practice n. 惯例，没想到还有这个意思，所以要特别注意;ancestor worship 祖先崇拜)也极深地(significantly)影响了中国人的特性(makeup n. 天性)。凯特利教授相信：“这种祖先崇拜(that engage in ancestor worship定语从句修饰the cultures;engage in 从事于;参加;忙于)的文化，是一种保守的(conservative adj.)文化(be going to do sth.)。你不会去发现新的有吸引力的东西(new things attractive)，因为那是对祖先的挑战(challenge)。中国文化中没有怀疑的余地(skeptic n. 怀疑者)。”

6. Chinese people tend to want to return to the past, while Westerners are always looking towards the future. By comparing their lives to the past, it creates an unlimited feeling of satisfaction. With no other desires, people in ancient times had the opportunity to coexist harmoniously with nature. They worked towards an existence where their social development was in sync with the natural world. This sort of self-satisfaction and oneness with nature helped Chinese people develop a more optimistic attitude towards life.

6、中国人趋向于回顾过去(tend to do sht.倾向于做某事; want to do sth. 想要做某事)，而西方人更多的是展望未来(look towards 期待)。与过去相比较(compare to… 与…比较)，就会对当下的生活生出无限的满足感(an unlimited feeling of satisfaction; unlimited adj. 无限制的)。无欲无求(desire n. 欲望;要求)，在古代，人们就能够定下心来与自然和谐相处(to coexist harmoniously with nature 不定式做定语，修饰the opportunity; opportunity n. 机会;机遇;coexist vi. 共存;和平共处;harmoniously adv. 和谐地)，努力达到天人合一的境界(where 引导的定语从句修饰an existence; work towards 争取;努力达到;existence生存方式;存在;sync n. 同步)。这种自我满足以及与自然和谐共存，使中国人产生出乐观的生活态度。

7. The Westerners have the opposite approach because they fear the uncertainty of the future. This leads them to work hard in changing their current situation in the hope of making tomorrow better than today. During this process, it's almost impossible to abide by the rules of the natural world or human nature. The idea of being content with one's lot is hard-pressed to take hold in this sort of environment.

7、西方人的观点与此相反(the opposite approach 相反的看法)，源于对未来的不确定感(fear vt. 害怕;为…担心;uncertainty n. 不确定性)，这促使他们努力改变现状(lead sb. to do sth. 引导某人做某事;current situation 现状)，以期明天比今天更好(in the hope of希望)。在努力的过程中难免会违反自然规律和扭曲人性(不定式短语是真正的主语，由于主语较长，在英语中习惯将其置后，而用it是形式主语，同时表语提前;abide by 遵守;直译为：在努力的过程中，遵守自然规律和人性几乎是不可能的)。乐天知命、安于本分的价值观在这样的文化氛围中(in this sort of environment)是难以形成的(to take hold 不定式作结果状语;hard-pressed adj. 处于困境的;take hold 生根;直译为：满足于自身命运的价值观在这样的文化氛围中是难于生根的)。

8. Over these past few decades, the ideas of the West and the East have practically been reversed. The Chinese people have little choice but to drop the traditional idea of being content with one's lot if they want to improve their economic standing. They now emulate the West in opening up and becoming more enterprising. Unfortunately, this process of chasing materialistic dreams results in the destruction of nature. People have had to deal with increasing pressure and the income gap between rich and poor has become larger and larger. People are beginning to realize that the traditional idea we inherited from our ancestors, of being content with what one's lot, makes a lot of sense. As the West has forged ahead over the centuries, on the basis of its enterprising attitude, corruption and malpractice has kept pace. Today, the West is turning towards the East to find a way out.

8、有趣的是，近几十年来(over these past few decades)，至少在表面上，东西方似乎呈现出一种互换的态势(have practically been reversed; reverse vt. 颠倒)。中国人因为经济的落后，不得不抛弃(drop)传统的乐天知命观，学习西方的`进取和开拓(emulate vt. 模仿;尽力赶上;open up 开创;enterprising adj. 有事业心的有进取心的;直译为：如果中国人想要改善他们的经济状况，不放弃传统的乐天知命观，他们可选择的道路不多，现在他们开始效仿西方人的开创和进取精神)。不幸的是(Unfortunately)，在尽全力追逐物质主义的过程中，环境遭到破坏(chase vt. 追逐;materialistic adj. 唯物的;result in 结果是;destruction n. 破坏;摧毁)。社会财富分配不均衡(income gap 收入差距)，人们不得不承受巨大的心理压力(两个现在完成时态的并列句;people 做主语时，其谓语动词(包括助动词)要使用复数形式)。这令人意识到老袓宗“乐天知命”的价值观念自有其道理(we inherited from our ancestors 是定语从句，修饰the traditional idea;inherit from 从…继承…;make a lot of sense 很有道理;老师说过，逗号之间的句子多数用于补充说明，有时可以跳过，方便分析句子的成分，而不会影响整个句子的意思)。西方人在数百年的无休止进取后，弊端丛生(forge ahead 取得进展;锐意进取;on the basis of 根据;基于…; corruption n. 贪污，腐败;malpractice adj. 玩忽职守;keep pace 并驾齐驱)，如今也纷纷转向东方的价值观寻找出路(to find a way out 不定式做目的状语;turn towards 转向;find a way out找到出路)。

9. Maybe there's something in the text-message that's doing the rounds on the Internet, when it says, "Once you're 50, pretty and ugly look the same. Once you're 60, high-rank and low-rank look the same. Once you’ re 70, lots of money and little money look the same. Once you're 80, men and women look the same. Once you're 90, living and dying look the same."

9、最近有一则网上流行的短信(that’s doing the round on the Internet做定语修饰the text-message)：“到了五十，好看难看一个样;到了六十，官大官小一个样;到了七十，钱多钱少一个样;到了八十，男的女的一个样;到了九十，活的死的一个样。”(look the same 看起来一样)

10. In a way, the message, pretty much, suggests that, even though China exported computers to America and Chinese people have traded in their bikes for BMWs, the past thirty years of reform hasn't changed our traditions and, the idea of being content with one's lot has never left our bones.

10、在某种程度上，这条短信似乎(pretty much 几乎)暗示(suggest vt.)：改革开放30年，尽管(even though)中国生产的电脑已经卖到了美国(export to 向…出口;输出到)，并且中国人已经丢掉自行车，开起了宝马(trade in…for… 以旧换新)，但仍没有改变他们的传统，乐天知命的价值观(the idea of being content with one's lot)仍在骨子里，不曾磨灭。(本段翻译做了小改动)

1. … or a very exciting, fan-filled life that only_______24 years.

A. lastedB. laterC. lateD. last

2. This _______ reveals a deeply ingrained sense of optimism and acceptance of fate.

A. saysB. saidC. sayingD. say

3. The Westerners' "seafaring culture" had allowed them_______while China's "agrarian culture" had shut the country off from the world and kept it _______ itself.

A. expanding and advancing; focusing on

B. to expand and advance; focus on

C. to expand and advance; focusing on

4. He believed their acceptance of fate originates _______ a geographical standpoint.

A. toB. fromC. intoD. of

5. This would create a sense of _______in the Chinese culture.

A. optimisticB. optimismC. pessimismD. pessimistic

6. They worked _______ an existence _______ their social development was in sync with the natural world.

A. towards; whereB. backwards; whichC. towards; while

7. Over these past few decades, the ideas of the West and the East _______ .

A. have practically reversed

B. have practically been reversed

C. be practically reversed

8. _______, this process of chasing materialistic dreams results _______the destruction of nature.

A. unfortunate; inB. fortunately; in

C. unfortunately; from D. unfortunately; in

9. People _______ had to deal with increasing pressure and the income gap between rich and poor _______ become larger and larger.

A. has; hasB. has; haveC. have; haveD. have; has

有关翻译要求和原则的说明——

由严复老师提出的翻译要求和原则，常在文言翻译中被人提起，具体是文言文翻译要做到“信、达、雅”三个字。翻译原则，不仅仅用于文言，外语翻译也一样的。

“信”是指译文要准确无误，就是要使译文忠于原文，如实地、恰当地用另一种语言把原文翻译出来。

“达”是指译文要通顺畅达，就是要使译文符合翻译后的语言的语法及用语习惯，字通句顺，没有语病。

“雅”就是指译文要优美自然，就是要使译文生动、形象，完美地表达原文的写作风格。

“信、达、雅”是翻译的三种不同境界。我们不是翻译家，因此在翻译时我们要基本做到“信”，力争做到“达”，就足够了。

有关常见词汇的偏意——

记得在某个英语培训中，老师特别提到考试中会对常见词汇的“偏意”进行考核，因此我们在学习中也要加强学习和记忆。如，

capital n. 首都;偏意：n. 资金

suggest vt. 建议;偏意：vt. 暗示

……

本文中出现的常见词汇“偏意”有：

lot 许多;大量;偏意：n. 命运;一块地

practice n. 实践;练习;偏意：n. 惯例

something pron. 某事;偏意：adj. 大约