厄尔尼诺效应英文

厄尔尼诺现象( elninophenomenon ) 厄尔尼诺现象又称厄尔尼诺海流,是太平洋赤道带大范围内海洋和大气相互 作用后失去平衡而产生的一种气候现象.正常情况下,热带太平洋区域的季风洋 流是从美洲走向亚洲,使太平洋表面保持温暖,给印尼周围带来热带降雨.但这 种模式每2—7年被打乱一次,使风向和洋流发生逆转,太平洋表层的热流就转 而向东走向美洲,随之便带走了热带降雨,出现所谓的“厄尔尼诺现象”. 拉尼娜（LaNina） 拉尼娜是西班牙语"La Nina——“小女孩,圣女”的意思,是厄尔尼诺现象的反相,指赤道附近东太平洋水温反常下降的一种现象,表现为东太平洋明显变冷,同时也伴随着全球性气候混乱,总是出现在厄尔尼诺现象之后. 气象和海洋学家用来专门指发生在赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围持续异常变冷的现象（海水表层温度低出气候平均值0.5℃以上,且持续时间超过6个月以上）.拉尼娜也称反厄尔尼诺现象. 一般拉尼娜现象会随着厄尔尼诺现象而来,出现厄尔尼诺现象的第二年,都会出现拉尼娜现象,有时拉尼娜现象会持续两、三年.1988年-1989年,1998年-2001年都发生了强烈的拉尼娜现象,令太平洋东部至中部的海水温度比正常低了1至2℃,1995年-1996年发生的拉尼娜现象则较弱.有的科学家认为,由於全球变暖的趋势,拉尼娜现象有减弱的趋势.

厄尔尼诺暖流，太平洋一种反常的自然现象。在南美洲西海岸、南太平洋东部，自南向北流动着一股著名的秘鲁寒流，每年的11月至次年的3月正是南半球的夏季，南半球海域水温普遍升高，向西流动的赤道暖流得到加强。恰逢此时，全球的气压带和风带向南移动，东北信风越过赤道受到南半球自偏向力（也称地转偏向力）的作用，向左偏转成西北季风。西北季风不但削弱了秘鲁西海岸的离岸风——东南信风，使秘鲁寒流冷水上泛减弱甚至消失，而且吹拂着水温较高的赤道暖流南下，使秘鲁寒流的水温反常升高。这股悄然而至、不固定的洋流被称为“厄尔尼诺暖流”。厄尔尼诺又分为厄尔尼诺现象和厄尔尼诺事件。厄尔尼诺现象是发生在热带太平洋海温异常增暖的一种气候现象，大范围热带太平洋增暖，会造成全球气候的变化，但这个状态要维持3个月以上，才认定是真正发生了厄尔尼诺事件。2015年3月，美国国家大气监测组织称今年很有可能是厄尔尼诺年。厄尔尼诺现象通常会导致南方梅雨时期从通常的5月中旬推迟到6月。在厄尔尼诺年分通常会出现北旱南涝，但也有可能会出现北涝南旱，这取决于大气环流状况。-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------如果你认可我的回答，请采纳哦~~~如有不懂，可以追问~~~^.^

圣婴就是他的解释,1,Large scale weather events such as El Nino (厄尔尼诺现象) often cause the planet's cloud cover to increase. 21ST, Brain corner,0,厄尔尼诺现象又称厄尔尼诺海流，是太平洋赤道带大范围内海洋和大气相互作用后失去平衡而产生的一种气候现象，就是沃克环流圈东移造成的。厄尔尼诺现象的基本特征是太平洋沿岸的海面水温异常升高，海水水位上涨，并形成一股暖流向南流动。它使原属冷水域的太平洋东部水域变成暖水域，结果引起海啸和暴风骤雨，造成一些地区干旱，另一些地区又降雨过多的异常气候现象。 厄尔尼诺对我国气候产生严重影响。首先是台风减少，...,0,

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 谁可以帮我用英文解释介绍一下厄尔尼诺气候现象啊？ 解析: El Ni·ño A warming of the ocean surface off the western coast of South America that occurs every 4 to 12 years when upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water does not occur. It causes die-offs of plankton and fish and affects Pacific jet stream winds, altering storm tracks and creating unusual weather patterns in various parts of the world. 你要是不烦多就看这个El Niño In general, an invasion of warm water into the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru and Ecuador, with a return period of 4–7 years. El Niño events e in various strengths: weak, moderate, strong, very strong, and extraordinary. The size of an El Niño event can be determined using various criteria: the amount of warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific from their average condition; the areal extent of that warm water anomaly; and the length of time that the warm water lingers before being replaced by colder-than-average sea surface temperatures in this tropical Pacific region. Under normal conditions the winds blow up the west coast of South America and then near the Equator turn wesard to Asia. The surface water is piled up in the western Pacific, and the sea level there is several tens of centimeters above average while the sea level in the eastern Pacific is below average. As the water is pushed toward the west, cold water from the deeper part of the ocean along the Peruvian coast wells up to the surface to replace it. This cold water is rich with nutrients, making the coastal upwelling region along western South America among the most productive fisheries in the world. See also Upwelling. Every 4–7 years those winds tend to die down and sometimes reverse, allowing the warm surface waters that piled up in the west to move back toward the eastern part of the Pacific Basin. With reduced wesard winds the surface water also heats up. Sea level drops in the western Pacific and increases in the eastern part of the basin. El Niño condition can last for 12–18 months, sometimes longer, before the wesard flowing winds start to pick up again. Occasionally, the opposite also occurs: the eastern Pacific bees cooler than normal, rainfall decreases still more, atmospheric surface pressure increases, and the wesard winds bee stronger. This irregular cyclic swing of warm and cold phases in the tropical Pacific is referred to as ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation). El Niño is considered to be the second biggest climate-related influence on human activities, after the natural flow of the seasons. Although the phenomenon is at least thousands of years old, its impacts on global climate have only recently been recognized. Due to improved scientific understanding and forecasting of El Niño's interannual process, societies can prepare for and reduce its impacts considerably. See also Climatology; Maritime meteorology; Tropical meteorology. Numerical models that couple the atmosphere to the ocean have been used to successfully predict the sea surface temperature of the tropical Pacific a year or so in advance. The basic reason that the cycle is predictable is that ENSO evolves slowly and regularly. If the initial state of the atmosphere-ocean system can be characterized accurately, the classification of this state in the ENSO sequence is made (even if it is not pletely recognizable in each system separately), and the future evolution of the cycle can be predicted.