英语语法汇总word

11.1 一般现在时的用法 1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3） 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 11.2 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。 3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。 4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。） Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着） Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。） Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去） 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？ I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。 2）情态动词 could, would。例如： Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？ 11.3 used to / be used to used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。 be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。 典型例题 ---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. ---- It's 69568442. A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't 答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。 11.4 一般将来时 1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 11.6 be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排） I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排） 11.7 一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。 2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 3）在时间或条件句中。例如： When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。 11.8 用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如： I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ 11.9 现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。 11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了） Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争） He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 11.11 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。 This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 典型例题 （1） ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。 （2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 11.12 比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。 注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。） I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。） 注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。 1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. 11.13 since的四种用法 1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如： I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。 2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如： I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。 3） since +从句。例如： Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。 Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。 4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如： It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。 11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词 1） 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如： He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果） I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历） 2） 用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如： He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。 典型例题 1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。 2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting. ---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 11.15 过去完成时 1） 概念：表示过去的过去 其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时以前 那时 现在 2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。 b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如： When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如： He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。 典型例题 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。 注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如： I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。 had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如： He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。 11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时 1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如： When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。 2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如： When I heard the news, I was very excited. 3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 11.17 将来完成时 1） 构成will have done 2） 概念 a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如： They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。 b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如： You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。 11.18 现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法： a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。 b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如： The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。 d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如： You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。 典型例题 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it. A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found. 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。 11.19 不用进行时的动词 1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。 2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。 He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。 3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如： I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。 11.20 过去进行时 1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。 3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。 典型例题 1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。 2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。

英语语法基础知识点汇总

学好语法是学好英语的关键，下面我整理了英语语法基础知识点，希望对大家有帮助！

1现在进行时

表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now，listen，look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词（am， is， are）+动词ing。

如：It is raining now。

外面正在下雨

It is six o'clock now。

现在6点了

My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room。

我父母正在客厅看报纸

Look！ The children are having a running race now。

看！孩子们正在赛跑

问句将be动词移前，否定句在be动词后+not。

2一般现在时

表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often， usually， sometimes， always， every day（week year…） on Sundays等词连用。

结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he，she， it， Tom， my mother， the boy等词时，动词后加s或es。

如：We have an English lesson every day。

我们每天都要上英语课

Do the boys run faster than the girls？ Yes， they do。

男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的

问句借助于do， does否定句借助于don't， doesn't，后面动词一定要还原。

3一般过去时

表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last （ week; month; year; Monday; weekend）; this morning等词连用。

结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was; were）或主语+动词的过去式。

注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。

如：My earphones were on the ground just now。

我的耳机刚刚还在呢。

Where were you last week？ I was at a camp。

你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了

What did you do yesterday？ I visited a farm

你昨天去干嘛了？我去参观农场了。

问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did，后面动词还原;

否定句有be动词在后面加not，没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。

4一般将来时

表示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow， next week（year; Tuesday…）， this week（ weekend ;evening; afternoon;…）today等词连用。结构是主语+be（am， is， are） going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。

如：What are you going to do tomorrow？ I am going to have a picnic。

你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。

The children are going to have a sports meeting next week。

孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。

Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening。

Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。

问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not。

5情态动词

can; can't; should; shouldn't; must; may后一定加动词原形。

如：The girl can't swim， but she can skate。

女孩不会游泳，但是会滑冰

Don't talk in class， you should listen to the teacher carefully。

不要再课上说话，你应该认真听老师讲。

6祈使句

肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以don't加动词原形开头。

如：Open the box for me ，please。

请为我打开盒子。

Liu Tao！ Please get up earlier tomorrow。

刘涛，明天请早点起床！

Don't walk on the grass！

不要在草地上走！

Helen！ Don't climb the tree，please。

海伦！不要爬树。

7go的用法

去干嘛用go +动词ing

如： go swimming; go fishing;

go skating;

go camping;

go running;

go skiing;

go rowing…

8比较

than 前用比较级;as…as之间用原级。

如：My mother is two years younger than my father。

我妈比我爸年轻两岁。

Tony jumps as far as Ben。

托尼跳得和本一样远。

9喜欢做某事

用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。

如： Su Yang likes growing flowers。

苏阳喜欢种花。

The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival。

孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。

10想要做某事

用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。

例：I'd like to visit the History Museum。=I want to visit the History Museum。

11some

用于肯定句中，在否定句和问句中改为any，但当表示委婉语气时仍用

如：Can I have some writing paper？ Would you like some orange juice？

12代词

人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。

宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后

如：Open them for me。 Let us …， join me等。

宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。

形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my your his her its our your their

名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

13介词

介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式

如：be good at running;

do well in jumping;

14时间介词

季节前，月份前用介词in

如：in summer;in March

具体的哪一天如星期几，几月几日用介词on

如：on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

在几点钟前用介词at

如： at a quarter to four;

只在上下午晚上用in

如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;

但在夜间用at night。

另：季节，月份和星期前不好加the。

15名词复数构成的方法

有规则的有：

（1）直接在名词后加s

如orange—oranges; photo—photos;

（2） 以x， s， sh， ch 结尾的加es

如：box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach——peaches

（3） 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如：study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;

（4）以f， fe结尾的改f， fe 为v+es如：knife—knives; thief—thieves（注：以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es， mango—mangoes其余加s，）

不规则的有：

man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children

16动词第三人称单数的构成

（1）直接在动词后加s

如：run—runs; dance—dances

（2）以s，sh，ch，o结尾的加es

如：do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches

（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如：study—studies; carry—carries;

17现在分词的构成

（1）直接在动词后加ing

如：sing—singing; ski—skiing;

（2）双写词尾加ing

如：swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;

（3）以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing

如：ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;

18规则动词过去式的构成

（1）直接在动词后加ed

如：clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;

（2）以e结尾的直接加d

如：dance—danced; taste—tasted;

（3） 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed

如：study—studied;carry—carried;

（4）双写词尾加ed

如：stop—stopped; jog—jogged;

不规则的有：am，is—was; are—were; do，does—did; have，has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;

19形容词副词比较级的构成

规则的：

（1）直接在形容词或副词后加er

如;small—smaller; low—lower;

（2）以e结尾的加r

如：late—larer;

（3）双写词尾加er

如：big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;

（4） 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er

如：heavy—heavier; early—earlier;

不规则的有：

good， well—better（最高级为best）; many， much——— more（最高级为most）; far———farther;

20rain与snow的用法

（1）作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词

如：There is a lot of rain there in spring。 那儿的春天有很多雨水。

（2） 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪，有四种形式分别是：

动词原形rain， snow;

第三人称单数rains ，snows;

现在分词raining; snowing

过去式rained; snowed;

如：①Look！ It is raining now。 瞧！天正在下雨。

②It often rains in Nantong in summer。南通夏天经常下雨。

③ It rained yesterday。昨天下了雨。

④It is going to rain tomorrow。 明天要下雨。

（3）形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

如：It is often rainy here in spring。这儿的春天经常是有雨的。

If it is rainy tomorrow， I’ll stay at home。如果明天是有雨的，我将呆在家里。

21比较级

注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。

如：My eyes are bigger than hers。Your school bag is heavier than mine。 My computer is nicer than Nancy’s。 My brother is stronger than me。

22have， has

表示某人有（has用于第三人称单数）;There is/ are;

There was/ were 表示某地存在有

注意There be 句型的就近原则

单数或不可数用there is /was;

复数用there are/ were。

23本身就是复数的词

眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。

如：My glasses were on the chair just now。

但如果表示这双，这副，一双的时候用单数

如：There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate。 This pair of earphones is for you。

24五个元音字母分别是Aa， Ee， Ii， Oo， Uu;

25一个的用法

a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前;an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。

如：There is an ’s’， a ‘t’， a ‘u’， a ‘d’ ，an ‘e’， an ‘n’，and a ‘t’ in the word ‘student’。

26时间表示法

有两种：

（1）直接读时钟和分钟。

如6：10读成 six ten; 7：30读成seven thirty; 8：45读成eight forty—five;

（2）用to与past表示。

在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点

如：6：10读成ten past six; 7：30读成half past seven;

过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分

如7：45读成a quarter to eight; 9：50读成ten to ten;

27基数词变序数词的方法

基变序有规律，结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例，结尾字母t、d（即first， second， third）;

八去t， 九去e， ve要用f替（即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five—— fifth ;twelve—twelfth）;

ty改y为ie后加th别忘记（即整十数如twenty—twentieth;forty—fortieth）;

几十几十位为基个位为序（如第二十一为twenty—first）。

另外强调序数词前一定要加the。

28日期的表示法

用the+序数词+ of +月

如：三月三日 the third of March;

12月25日 the 25th of December。

29both 表示两者都

如：My parents are both teachers。

all表示三者以上都

如：The students are all very excited。

30节日的`表示法

有day的节日前用on。

没有day的节日前用at，

如：at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year’s Day。

31激动兴奋的

excited表示激动的，兴奋地主语是人;

exciting表示令人激动的，令人兴奋的主语是事情

如：The running race is very exciting， so all the students are very excited。

赛跑非常令人激动，因此所有的学生都很激动。

32比较

两者比较用比较级，三者以上比较用最高级

如：Who runs faster， the boy or the girl？ The boy does

谁跑得更快，男孩还是女孩？男孩。

Which season do you like best？ I like autumn best。

你最喜欢哪个季节？我最喜欢秋天。

Which season do you like better， summer or winter？ I like winter better。

你更喜欢哪个季节，夏天还是冬天？我更喜欢冬天。

33动词还原的用法

前面用了do， does did， don’t， doesn’t didn’t后面动词要还原。

如：Did she watch TV last night？

Helen doesn't like taking photos。

34到了

到达用get to

但注意到家，到这儿，到那儿不可以加to

如：get home; get here; get there，

另外go home; come here; go there也一样。

35长着和穿着

长着什么用with

如：the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;

穿着什么用in

如：the man in black穿黑衣服的男人

或：the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女

36让某人做某事

用let sb后加动词原形

如：Let’s water the flowers together。

是该做…的时候了用It’s time for+名词或It’s time to +动原。

帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth

如：帮我学英语是 help me with my English

37树上

外来的东西在树上用in the tree

如：the bird in the tree;

树上长的用on the tree

如：the apples on the tree

38运动和乐器

球类之前不加the;乐器之前必须加the如：play the piano; play football

39一周中的第一天是Sunday;

一年中的第一个月是January

40get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样

如：get stronger; get longer

初三英语总复习资料介词I. 要点 1、介词和种类 (1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。 (2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。 2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。 (2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at (3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等. 3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如： He came right after dinner. He lives directly opposite the school. 4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例 (1) at, on, in(表时间) 表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。 指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。 指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。 (2) between, among(表位置) between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如 I'm sitting between Tom and Alice. The village lies between three hills. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students. (3) beside, besides beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如： He sat beside me. What do you want besides this? (4)in the tree, on the tree in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上 (5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道 by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法 (6)in the corner, at the corner in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外 (7)in the morning, on the morning in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨 (8)by bus, on the bus by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车 II. 例题 例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English? A except B but C beside D besides 解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？ 例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night. A on B at C in D during 解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。 例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter. A to B in C at D on 解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。连词 I. 要点 1、 连词的种类 (1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。 (2) 从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。 除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。 2、 常用连词举例 (1)and 和，并且 They drank and sang all night. (2) both…and 和， 既…也… Both my parents and I went there. (3) but 但是，而 I'm sad, but he is happy. (4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么… Either you're wrong, or I am. (5) for因为 I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him. (6) however 然而，可是 Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go. (7) neither…nor 既不…也不 Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you. (8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且… He not only sings well, but also dances well. (9) or 或者，否则 Hurry up, or you'll be late. Are you a worker or a doctor? (10) so 因此，所以 It's getting late, so I must go. (11) although 虽然 Although it was late, they went on working. (12) as soon as 一 …就 I'll tell him as soon as I see him. (13) because 因为 He didn't go to school, because he was ill. (14)unless 除非，如果不 I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow. (15)until 直到… He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构) He stayed there until eleven. (16)while 当…时候，而 (表示对比) While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词) My pen is red while his is blue. (17)for 因为 He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的) (18)since自从… I have lived here since my uncle left. (19)hardly… when 一… 就 I had hardly got to the station when the train left. (20)as far as 就… 来说 As far as I know, that country is very small. You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里) II. 例题 例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David. A as well B as well as C so well D so well as 解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。 和…一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B. 例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A when B where C which D while 解析：该处意为"然而"，只有while有此意思，故选D。 例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away? A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise 解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。 动词时态、语态 I. 要点 1、 一般现在时 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school. (2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun. 2、 现在进行时 (1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如： What are you doing now? (2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如： He is always doing good deeds. 3、 现在完成时 主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing? 4、一般将来时 表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如： I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. We're going to see a film next Monday. 5、一般过去时 表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：It happened many years ago. 6、过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如： What were you doing this time yesterday? 7、 过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如： The train had already left before we arrived. 8、一般过去将来时 表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如： He said he would come, but he didn't. 9、被动语态 被动语态的时态，以give为例。 时／式 一般 进行 完成 现在 am is given are am is being are has been given have 过去 was given were was being given were had been given 将来 shall be given will shall have been given will 过去将来 should be given would should have been given would II.例题 例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950. A had died B died C dead D is dead 解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。 例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents. A is looked B has looked for C is being looked for D has been looked 解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。 短语动词 I. 要点 英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种： (1) 动词＋介词 常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如： Don't laugh at others. I didn't care about it. (2) 动词＋副词 常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don't forget to hand it in. (3) 动词＋副词＋介词 常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： All his money added up to no more than $100. After a short rest, he went on with his research work. (4) 动词＋名词＋介词 常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time. (5) 动词＋形容词 常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如： The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. (6) 动词＋名词 常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如： This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people. (7)辨析 give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止) put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭) turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开) keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近) make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认) take off(脱，起飞) 和 take out(拿出) II. 例题 例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age. A put away B kept up C given away D laid up 解析：该题正确uot;；give away意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____. A touch B relation C connection D friendship 解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。 例3 ____! There's a train coming. A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on 解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。 动词不定式 I. 要点 1、 不定式的形式。以动词write为例。 式｜语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have written to have been written 进行式 to be writing 完成进行式 to have been writing 2、 不定式的句法功能 (1) 作主语 To hear from you is nice. To be a good teacher is not easy. 不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It's nice to hear from you. It's not easy to be a good teacher. (2) 作宾语 通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：I forgot to lock the door. Please remember to write to me. (3) 作表语 My job is to pick up letters. He seemed to have heard nothing. (4) 作定语 不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如： I have two letters to write. I have a lot of work to do. (5) 作宾补 通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如： He ordered her to leave at once. He was forced to obey his order. (6) 作状语 He got up early to catch the first bus. He worked hard to catch up with the other students. (7) 作独立成分 To tell you the truth, I told a lie. (8) "疑问词＋不定式"结构。 如： I don't know how to choose them. I cannot decide where to go. (9)不定式的否定式。如： I decided not to go. (10)不定式的完成式。如： He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in. The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week. (11)too…to 结构。如： He was too excited to go to sleep. He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去) (12)主动表被动。如： The book is easy to read. I have a book to read. II.例题 例1 I haven't got a chair ____. A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting 解析：该题选C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语，修饰名词chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。 例2 He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go 解析：该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。 例3 A new factory is ____ very soon. A to be built B built C to build D to building 解析：该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。

英语语法重点总结

英语复习重点系统语法学习。英语考试中单项选择比例占到15%-30%,同时,在其他各种题型中也都涉及到大量的语法知识。

Words are used to form patterns of English grammar and syntax. Each word falls into one of eight categories referred to as parts of speech. Here are the eight commonly recognized parts of speech.

英语的语法和句法中也会形成词的类型。每个词都会被归为八类中的一类，这里我们要讲的就是英语中八类最常见的词性。

Certain words have further categorization such as: adverbs of frequency: always, sometimes, often, etc. or determiners: this, that, these, those . However, the basic categorization of words in English fall into these eight categories.

具体的词还会有更进一步的分类，比如always(总是)， sometimes(有时)， often(经常)等等这些被叫做频率副词，还有this(这个)， that(那个)， these(这些)， those(那些)被叫做限定词，不过基本的英语词类还是有这八类的。

The Eight Parts of Speech

八种词类

名词

A word which is a person, place, thing or idea.

描述一个人、一个地点、一个东西或者一种想法的词。

例如：

Mount Everest, book, horse, Peter, strength, car, Empire State Building, China, house, child

珠穆朗玛峰，书，马，皮特(人名)，力量，汽车，帝国大厦，中国，房子，孩子

相关内容：英语知识点之名词解析

代词

A word that is used to take the place of a noun.

用来指代一个名词的词

例如：

I, they, their, ourselves, itself, your, my, nobody, who, which, her, we

我，他们，我们自己，它自己，你的，我的，没有人，谁，哪个，她(宾格)，我们

相关内容：英语代词的用法知识点

形容词

A word that is used to describe a noun or pronoun.

一个用来描述一个名词或者代词的词

例如：

proud, purple, French, few, this, huge, sad, second, none

骄傲的，紫色的，法国的，很少的'，刚过去的，巨大的，悲伤的，其次的，没有的

相关内容：英语语法形容词知识点

动词

A word that indicates an action, being or state of being.

一个表示动作进行或者存在的状态的词

例如：

play, run, think, study, smell, wait, be, drive, renounce, fill

玩，跑，想，学习，闻，等，是，驾驶，拒绝，填充

相关内容：英语动词的用法知识点归纳

副词

A word that is used to describe a verb which tells how, where, or when something is done.

副词是用来描述一个动作怎样完成、在哪里完成或者什么时间完成的词

例如：

carefully, often, very, [w]intelligently, quite, too, rarely, never

仔细地，经常，非常，聪明地，非常，太，很少，从不

相关内容：英语副词必考知识点总结

连词

A word that is used to join words or groups of words.

一个用来连接几个词或者几组词的词

例如：

and, or, but, neither, because, while, since, although

和，或者，但是，既不是，因为，而，自……以来，虽然

相关内容：英语知识点之连词的概述

前置词，汉语中多叫介词

A word used indicating the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word.

一个用来表明一个名词或代词和另一个词的关系的词

例如：

in, until, of, from, after, under, beyond, across, toward

在……里面，直到，……的，从……开始，在……之后，在……下面，超出，穿过，向

相关内容：英语语法知识点总结：介词

感叹词

A single word used to express strong emotion.

一个表达强烈的感情的词

例如：

Wow! Ah! Oh! No!

哇!啊!哦!不!

相关内容：英语知识点：感叹词的用法

英语有些知识点是必考的，希望为大家分享的英语中的八种词性，能够切实的帮助到大家，并祝大家能够顺利的进入理想的中学！