九年级英语先行词

先行词:是在定语从句中,被定语从句所修饰的名词.例如: He is a teacher who teach our English.在这里定词从句who teach our English是来修饰前面的名词teacher.所以teacher就是一个先行词.

这不是定语从句，是同位语从句。。。所以只能用that。。。记住就好。。。

一．定义：

在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

二．特点：

1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

2. 关联词：

1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。

2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行词。

关系副词：when, where, why作时间状语。

三．基本结构：

先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分

四．关系代词的用法：

1. that 和which

that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.

Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?

The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.

注意：The room in which I live is very big. (在介词后面不能用that)

2.只能用that不能用which引导的.定语从句：

1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that

This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.

2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that

The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.

3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。

It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.

Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?

This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.

4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that

I want everything (that) I want.

I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.

5)先行词被不定代词all, any, no, every, little, much, many修饰时，只能用that

Here is all the money (that) I have.

6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that

I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.

7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导

Is it the one（that）you want？

8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句

Who is the girl that won the first place?

3. who和whom

who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。

Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。

Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?

The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.

=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.

五.关系副词的用法：

1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when=on which

2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词.

We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.

一．单项选择

1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

A. that B. who C. whom D. this

2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.

A. whom B. which C. who D. /

3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.

A. that B. whose C. which D. as

4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

A. the one B. which C. who D. whom

5. Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

A. the one B. that C. which D. /

6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.

A. which B. that C. / D. it

7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.

A. which B. in which C. that D. all

8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.

A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who

9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.

A. which B. whom C. whose D. this

10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.

A. who B. whom C. which D. /

11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.

A. was B. were C. is D. are

12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.

A. whom B. who C. / D. he

13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.

A. who live next door B. which lives next door

C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door

14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.

A. which B. whom C. that D. who

15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.

A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there

16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.

A. what B. which C. as D. /

17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.

A. in that B. when C. where D. there

18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?

A. where B. in that C. that D. which

19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?

A. that B. when C. what D. on that

21. The first time ___ I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.

A. when B. where C. which D. that

22. October 1, 1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.

A. when B. that C. where D. in which

23. October 1, 1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded. A. which B. when C. where D. in which

24. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?

A. which B. where C. in which D. what

25. Is this museum _____ they visited last month?

A. that B. which C. where D. the one

26. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.

A. what B. which C. that D. where

27. Did you tell your mother all ___ you had seen on the way home?

A. what B. why C. that D. which

28. It’s one of the most important meetings ___ this years.

A. that has been held B. which has been held

C. that have been held D. which have held

29. Do you know who lives in the building ___ there is a well?

A. in front of it B. in front of whose

C. in front of which D. in the front of which

30. I’ll never forget the day ___ I joined the League.

A. on which B. which C. in which D. at which

31. She showed her new watch to my wife, ___ was kept in a box.

A. who B. which C. that D. it

32. She had three sons, all ___ became doctors.

A. who B. whom C. of them D. of whom

33. This is the new type of plane ___ parts are made of plastics.

A. that B. what C. which D. whose

34. ___ is known to all, China is a developing country, belonging to the third world.

A. It B. That C. As D. Which

35. Is this the leaning tower ___ Galileo did experiment centuries ago?

A. that B. where C. which D. when

二．将下列两句话合并成一句.

1. I can’t find the book.. I bought a book yesterday.

______________________________________________________________

2. The girl is my sister. The girl is standing on the stage.

______________________________________________________________

3. The West Lake lies in Hangzhou. The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China.

______________________________________________________________

4. I don’t know that boy. The boy is in blue shirt.

______________________________________________________________

5. My brother likes the singers. The singers write their own music.

______________________________________________________________

6. The cat is mine. The cat is playing with a ball.

______________________________________________________________

答案：

一）

1-5 A C A B A

6-10 B B C A D

11-15 A B D D A

16-20 D C A B B

21-25 D B B A D

26-30 D C C C A

31-35 B D D C B

（二）

1. I can’t find the book that/which/ / I bought yesterday.

2. The girl who/that is standing on the stage is my sister.

3. The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China that lies in Hangzhou.

4. I don’t know the boy who/that is in blue shirt.

5. My brother likes the singers who/that write their own music.

6. The cat which/that is playing with a ball is mine.

定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

先行词:是在定语从句中,被定语从句所修饰的名词.例如:HeisateacherwhoteachourEnglish.在这里定词从句whoteachourEnglish是来修饰前面的名词teacher.所以teacher就是一个先行词.再说下它的用法：1、先行词指人时，引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that，在非正式宾语中也可用who，也可省略。aThatboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledTom.bThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrLi.b句可改为：Theperson(that/whom/who)youjusttalkedtoisMrLi.2、先行词指物时，引导词用that或whicha.Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.b.Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.3、先行词指时间时，引导词用When/onwhich或inwhicha.Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.b.I'llneverforgettheyearwhen/onwhichweworkedonthefarm.4、先行词指地点时，引导词用Where或inwhichThisisthehousewhere/inwhichwelivedlastyear.或:Thisisthehousethat/whichwelivedinlastyear.5、whose在定语从句中作定语时，可用来指人，也可以用来指物，如:a.Thisistheboywhosemotherdiedamonthago.b.Thisisthehousewhosewindowswerebroken.此句可改成：Thisisthehousethewindouesofwhichwerebroken.6、先行词表示原因时，引导词用why,如:Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathehadbeenknockeddownbyabike.二、物殊情况：尽管有以上基本原则，但要学好定语从句更应注意以下特殊情况；Ⅰ、当定语从句的先行词为表示人的不定代词，如anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,all，these，those等时,用who而不用thatThosewhobreaktherulearepulished.Anybodywhohadeyescouldseetheelephantwaslikeasnake.Ⅱ.以who或which作主语的特殊疑问句中先行词指人，引导词只用That,如:a.Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?b.WhichofyouthatknowssomethingaboutEnglishdoesn’tknowthisword?Ⅲ、先行词指物时引导词用that而不用which的情况:1、先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，ThisisthebestcompositionthathasbeenwritteninEnglish.2、先行词是all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,few,much等不定代词时Thereisnothing/little/muchthatwecandoforher.3、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时I’vereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.4、先行词被theonly/very等修饰时Thisisthevery/lastplacethattheyvisitedyesterday.5、有两个以上先行词，分别表示人或物时Theytalkedabouttheteachersandtheschoolsthattheyhadvisited.6、先行词为基数时YesterdayIcaughttwofish,Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillaliveinabasinofwater.Ⅳ.time为先行词时，前边如有序数词修饰时，定语从句引导词用that或什么也不用，如没序数词修饰时，用when或that均可a.Thisisthelasttime(that)Ishallgiveyoualesson.先行词指人时，引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that，在非正式宾语中也可用who，也可省略。aThatboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledTom.bThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrLi.b句可改为：Theperson(that/whom/who)youjusttalkedtoisMrLi.2、先行词指物时，引导词用that或whicha.Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.b.Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.3、先行词指时间时，引导词用When/onwhich或inwhicha.Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.b.I'llneverforgettheyearwhen/onwhichweworkedonthefarm.4、先行词指地点时，引导词用Where或inwhichThisisthehousewhere/inwhichwelivedlastyear.或:Thisisthehousethat/whichwelivedinlastyear.5、whose在定语从句中作定语时，可用来指人，也可以用来指物，如:a.Thisistheboywhosemotherdiedamonthago.b.Thisisthehousewhosewindowswerebroken.此句可改成：Thisisthehousethewindouesofwhichwerebroken.6、先行词表示原因时，引导词用why,如:Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathehadbeenknockeddownbyabike.