光化学烟雾英语

PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物，也称为可入肺颗粒物。它的直径还不到人的头发丝粗细的1/20。虽然PM2.5只是地球大气成分中含量很少的组分，但它对空气质量和能见度等有重要的影响。与较粗的大气颗粒物相比，PM2.5粒径小，富含大量的有毒、有害物质且在大气中的停留时间长、输送距离远，因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大。2011年12月5日，《环境空气质量标准》（二次征求意见稿）征求公众意见截止，新标准拟于2016年全面实施。京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大地区及九个城市群可能会被强制要求先行监测并公布PM2.5的数据。PM，英文全称为particulate matter(颗粒物）。科学家用PM2.5表示每立方米空气中这种颗粒的含量，这个值越高，就代表空气污染越严重。在城市空气质量日报或周报中的可吸入颗粒物和总悬浮颗粒物是人们较为熟悉的两种大气污染物。可吸入颗粒物又称为PM10，指直径大于2.5微米、等于或小于10微米，可以进入人的呼吸系统的颗粒物；总悬浮颗粒物也称为PM100，即直径小于或等于100微米的颗粒物当然在英语中pm也有下午的意思

A pollutant Also known as the "primary pollutants." Directly or indirectly, from sources of pollutants discharged into the environment. Such as clean air and water into the body of chemical toxins, viruses, and so on. Is a major source of environmental pollution. Secondary pollutants Also known as "secondary contaminants." Pollutants discharged from pollution sources (usually referred to as "a pollutant") evolved in the environment of new pollutants. Often on the environment and even more serious health hazards. Such as sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere and water meet and sulfuric acid mist generated, and its strong stimulating effect of sulfur dioxide than ten times; the occurrence of photochemical smog, the generated ozone, formaldehyde and secondary pollutants such as acrolein, and construction of plants and animals materials have a greater harm. Air Pollution [air pollution] and there are a lot of outdoor air, such as dust, smoke, gas, mist, odor, smoke or steam, such as one or more of staining material, its characteristics and duration sufficient to harm human health or animal and plant life. Air pollution (air pollution) the air content of certain substances higher than normal concentration, the formation of harm animals and plants, affecting their survival phenomenon. Atmospheric C0, NH3, SO2, H2S, Cl2, 03 and N02, such as the normal content of the material in the following parts per million of the animals and plants no apparent ill effects. However, since the 19th century, due to the transport industry and the development of a large number of these substances into the atmosphere, so that air pollution is worsening, affecting animal and plant life and even human health. Some of the sources of pollutants from the natural world (such as soot volcano) or from human activity, including industrial and transportation emissions are the main sources of pollution. Can be transformed into water and soil pollution. Radioactive pollution By the environmental pollution caused by radioactive substances are the main pollutants in the phenomenon of nuclear emissions from industrial enterprises, resulting from nuclear testing fallout and the nature of radioactive cosmic rays, radioactive and other minerals and natural radioisotopes. Through the food chain or directly harm the human body. Heavy-metal contamination By heavy metals or their compounds caused by environmental pollution. Mainly by the mining, emissions, waste water irrigation and the use of heavy metals in products such as man-made factors. Such as Japan and the Minamata disease patients痛痛pollution by mercury and cadmium pollution arising. Depends on the harm of heavy metals in the environment, food and organisms that exist in the concentration and chemical form. Exhaust pollution Harmful gas emissions from motor vehicles caused by air pollution. The main harmful gases as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide and so on. And so on can lead to photochemical smog. Species due to gasoline, car load, engine performance, road conditions, weather conditions and other factors, the number and type of different. Due to a high degree of automobile exhaust in the breathing zone of people, so the exhaust pollution harmful to human health. RF pollution Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (firing frequency of 3 kHz to 3 × 10 � 5 MHz) caused by environmental pollution. Common source for the dissemination of high-altitude television transmission tower,中短波and microwave transmission equipment, high-frequency heating equipment and short-wave or ultra-short wave therapy machines.

可吸入颗粒物

洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog event望采纳！谢谢！

楼上的，一次污染物你们还真好意思翻成a pollutant，有才 一次污染物 又称“原生污染物”。由污染源直接或间接排入环境的污染物。如排入洁净大气和水体内的化学毒物、病毒等。是环境污染的主要来源。Fisrt-hand PollutantAlso known as primary pollutant. Pollutant discharged direclty or indirectly into the environment, such as chemical poisons and viruses dischaged into clean atmosphere and water bodies. It's the primary source of pollution. 二次污染物 也称“次生污染物”。由污染源排出的污染物(通常称“一次污染物”)在环境中演化而成的新污染物。往往对环境和人体的危害更为严重。如大气中的二氧化硫和水蒸气相遇而生成的硫酸雾，其刺激作用比二氧化硫强十倍；发生光化学烟雾时，所产生的臭氧、甲醛和丙烯醛等二次污染物，对动植物和建筑材料有较大的危害。Second-hand PollutantAlso known as secondary pollutant. First-hand pollutant evolves into new derivatives in the environment, which usually do more harm to the environment and human body. For instance, when sulfur dioxide meet with vapor, it becomes sulfuric acid vapor ten times stimulating than sulfur dioxide. Second-hand pollutans like ozone, formaldehyde and acrylic aldehyde in photochemical smog are more harmful to construction materials, flora and fauna. 空气污染 室外大气中大量存在诸如尘埃、烟雾、煤气、迷雾、气味、烟气或蒸汽等一种或多种沾污物,其特性及持续时间足以损害人类的健康或动植物的生活。 空气中某些物质的含量超过正常含量时，形成危害动、植物，影响其生存的现象。大气中C0、NH3、SO2、H2S、Cl2、03和N02等物质的正常含量均在百万分之一以下，对动、植物没有明显的不良影响。但19世纪以来，由于工业和交通运输的发展，上述物质大量排入大气，使空气污染日趋严重，影响到动、植物生命活动乃至人体健康。 污染物的来源 有的来自自然界（如火山喷出的烟灰），有的来自人类活动，其中工业、交通运输产生的废气是主要的污染源。可转变成水污染和土壤污染。Air PollutionThe outdoor atmosphere contains a large amount of contaminants such as dusts, smog, gas, dense fog, odor, fumes or steam, their characteristics and duration are sufficient to harm human health or other creatures' living.When the content of certain substances is above normal standards, it affects flora and fauna. The normal contents of C0, NH3, SO2, H2S, Cl2, 03 and N02 in the atmosphere are all below one in one millionth. This level of content has no obvious undesirable impact on flora and fauna. But with the development of industry and transportation since the 19th century, the abovementioned substances have been discharged into the atmosphere in a large amount, leading to more and more serious air pollution, and affecting human health as well as other creatures' living. The sources of the pollutants include that of nature, such as volcanic ash, and that of human activities. Exhaust from industry and transportation is the main source of pollutants from human activities, and it could also turn into water pollution or soil pollution. 放射性污染 由放射性物质造成的环境污染现象的是主要污染物是核工业企业的排放物，核试验产生的放射性沉降物及自然界宇宙射线、放射性矿藏和天然放射性同位素等。可通过食物链或直接对人体造成危害。Radioactive PollutionThe main substances causing radioactive pollution are emissions from nuclear industry enterprises, the radioactive sediments of nuclear tests and sources from the nature, such as cosmic rays, radioactive mineral resources and natural radioactive isotopes, all of which could do harm to human body directly or through food chains. 重金属污染 由重金属或其化合物造成的环境污染。主要由采矿、废气排放、污水灌溉和使用重金属制品等人为因素所致。如日本的水俣病和痛痛病分别由汞污染和镉污染所引起。其危害程度取决于重金属在环境、食品和生物体中存在的浓度和化学形态。Heavy Metal PollutionPollution caused by heavy metals or their compounds. The main sources are human factors, such as mining, exhaust emission and irrigation by sewerage. Take Japan for example, the Minamata disease and the Itai-itai disease are caused by mercury and cadmium respectively. The extent of hazard is decided by the existing concentration and chemical forms in the environment, foods and creatures. 排气污染 汽车排放的有害气体引起的空气污染。主要有害气体为一氧化碳、氮氧化物、碳氢化合物、二氧化硫等。能引起光化学烟雾等。因汽油品种、汽车载重量、发动机性能、道路状况、气象条件等因素，其数量和种类不同。由于汽车的排气高度处于人的呼吸带，故排气污染对人体健康危害很大。Exhaust PollutionAir pollution caused by harmful exhaust from automobiles. In turn, exhaust pollution could cause photochemical smog. The main objectionable constituents are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and sulfur dioxide, with their amount and kind variable to the gas type, the car load, the performance of the engine, the road conditions and the weather conditions. Since the exhaust is discharged roughly at the same height that human breathe, it does great harm to human health. 射频污染 射频电磁辐射(发射频率为3千赫至3×10�5兆赫)所造成的环境污染。常见的污染源为高空电视传播发射塔、中短波及微波发射设备、高频加热设备及短波或超短波理疗机等。Radio Frequency PollutionPollution caused by radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (emission frequency from 3,000 Hz to 3×10�5GHz). Most common sources are television transmitting towers, medium short wave and microwave transmitters, high frequency heating equipments and therapy apparatus working at short waves and ultrashort waves.