实用英语综合教程2

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这部分内容主要考察的是及物动词的知识点：

在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可以把动词分成两种：及物动词与不及物动词。字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词；字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。

及物动词可直接跟宾语，不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语），若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of ,at，如此方可跟上宾语。

所谓“及物”，“及”有“从后头跟上、达到、关联”等意，“及物”说明需要带“物”来完成一个动作，这个动作是有对象的，这个对象就是它后面要加的宾语。

一般后面可直接加宾语的及物动词，有被动形式；而不及物动词不可直接加宾语，是没有被动式的，它的动作没有对象，只是表示某种状态。实际上很多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。

及物动词可以接名词、代词、动名词做名词的宾语。

What is a Chinatown? Is it a town in China? Of course no! It is in foreingn countries. It is a place where many overseas Chinese live together. There are lots of Chinatowns in America. The biggest one is in New York.

什么是唐人街？这是一个城市在中国吗？当然不！它在其他国家。它是一个地方，居住着许多的海外华侨。在美国有许多唐人街。最大的一个在纽约。

There are about 150,00people in it And it is also a good place to go. Shopping in Chinatown:Shopping in Chinatown is fun.You can find lots of things there .Most of them are made in China.

大约有150，00人，是一个好地方。在唐人街购物：在唐人街的购物中心是有趣的。你可以找到很多东西。他们中的大多数都是中国制造的。

Mort Street is the best place to shop because the things there are very cheap. Eating in Chinatown:Chinatown has more than 200 restaurants. You can enjoy traditional Chinese food here.

购物的最好的地方是街道，因为东西很便宜。在唐人街吃：唐人街有超过200家餐厅。你可以在这里享受传统中国食物。

New Silver Palace Restaurant is one of the best restaurants.You can slso eat some Shanghai food in Evergreen Restaurant.

新银王宫饭店是最好的餐馆之一。你也可以吃些上海菜在常绿的餐厅。

Living in Chinatown:Living in Chinatown is comfortable You can find hospitals,schools,banks,libraries and supermarkets in it In some schools,students must sthdy Chinese Many overseas Chinese send their children to these schools.They want their children to learn more about Cina and its culture.

住在唐人街：住在唐人街是舒适的，你可以找到医院、学校、银行、图书馆和超市。在一些学校，学生必须学习中文。许多海外华人送他们的孩子去这些学校。他们希望他们的孩子更多地了解中国文化。

Unit 1 Text A Pre-reading Activities First Listening 1. You're about to hear a conversation about Winston Churchill. Before you listen, take a look at the words below. Which do you think you're likely to hear when people discuss Churchill? Then, as you listen to the tape the first time, circle the words you hear. prime minister author painter politician World War I romantic fearless serious passionate World War II Second Listening Read the following questions first to prepare yourself to answer them to the best of your ability. 2. What was the argument about? Which side do you believe? 3. What do you know about Winston Churchill as British prime minister? What about his personality—do you have any impressions of him as a human being? Winston Churchill—His Other Life Mary Soames My father, Winston Churchill, began his love affair with painting in his 40s, amid disastrous circumstances. As First Lord of the Admiralty in 1915, he had been deeply involved in a campaign in the Dardanelles that could have shortened the course of a bloody world war. But when the mission failed, with great loss of life, Churchill paid the price, both publicly and privately: He was removed from the Admiralty and lost his position of political influence. Overwhelmed by the disaster — "I thought he would die of grief," said his wife, Clementine — he retired with his family to Hoe Farm, a country retreat in Surrey. There, as Churchill later recalled, "The muse of painting came to my rescue!" One day when he was wandering in the garden, he chanced upon his sister-in-law sketching with watercolours. He watched her for a few minutes, then borrowed her brush and tried his hand — and the muse worked her magic. From that day forward, Winston was in love with painting. Delighted with anything that distracted Winston from the dark thoughts that overwhelmed him, Clementine rushed off to buy whatever paints and materials she could find. Watercolours, oil paints, paper, canvas — Hoe Farm was soon filled with everything a painter could want or need. Painting in oils turned out to be Winston's great love — but the first steps were strangely difficult. He contemplated the blank whiteness of his first canvas with unaccustomed nervousness. He later recalled: "Very hesitantly I selected a tube of blue paint, and with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean on the snow-white field. At that moment I heard the sound of a motorcar in the drive and threw down my brush in a panic. I was even more alarmed when I saw who stepped from the car: the wife of Sir John Lavery, the celebrated painter who lived nearby. "'Painting!' she declared. 'What fun. But what are you waiting for? Let me have the brush — the big one.' She plunged into the paints and before I knew it, she had swept several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely terrified canvas. Anyone could see it could not hit back. I hesitated no more. I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury. I have never felt any fear of a canvas since." Lavery, who later tutored Churchill in his art, said of his unusual pupil's artistic abilities: "Had he chosen painting instead of politics, he would have been a great master with the brush." In painting, Churchill had discovered a companion with whom he was to walk for the greater part of his life. Painting would be his comfort when, in 1921, the death of his mother was followed two months later by the loss of his and Clementine's beloved three-year-old daughter, Marigold. Overcome by grief, Winston took refuge at the home of friends in Scotland — and in his painting. He wrote to Clementine: "I went out and painted a beautiful river in the afternoon light with red and golden hills in the background. Many loving thoughts.... Alas, I keep feeling the hurt of Marigold." Life and love and hope slowly revived. In September 1922 another child was born to Clementine and Winston: myself. In the same year, Winston bought Chartwell, the beloved home he was to paint in all its different aspects for the next 40 years. My father must have felt a glow of satisfaction when in the mid-1920s he won first prize in a prestigious amateur art exhibition held in London. Entries were anonymous, and some of the judges insisted that Winston's picture — one of his first of Chartwell — was the work of a professional, not an amateur, and should be disqualified. But in the end, they agreed to rely on the artist's honesty and were delighted when they learned that the picture had been painted by Churchill. Historians have called the decade after 1929, when Winston again fell from office, his barren years. Politically barren they may have been, as his lonely voice struggled to awaken Britain to the menace of Hitler, but artistically those years bore abundant fruit: of the 500-odd Churchill canvases in existence, roughly half date from 1930 to 1939. Painting remained a joy to Churchill to the end of his life. "Happy are the painters," he had written in his book Painting as a Pastime, "for they shall not be lonely. Light and colour, peace and hope, will keep them company to the end of the day." And so it was for my father. (776 words) New Words amid prep.in the middle of, among 在…之中 * disastrous a. extremely bad; terrible 灾难性的，糟透的 lord n. (in Britain) title of some officials of very high rank（英）大臣；大人，阁下 admiralty n. (the A～)(in Britain) government department in charge of the navy （英）海军部 campaign n. 1. a series of planned military actions 战役 2. a planned series of activities, esp. in politics and business 运动 bloody a. 1. very violent, with a lot of wounding and killing 血腥的 2. covered with blood 血污的 mission n. 1. (usu. military) duty or purpose for which people are sent somewhere 〔常指军事〕任务 2. 天职，使命 privately ad. 1. not publicly 非公开地 2. personally; secretly 在涉及私（个）人方面；秘密地 private a. 1. personal; secret 私（个）人的；秘密的 2. not public 非公开的 disaster n. (a)sudden great misfortune 灾难，天灾；祸患 * grief n. a feeling of extreme sadness 悲哀 * grieve v. suffer from grief or great sadness （为…而）悲伤；伤心 retreat n. 1. a place into which one can go for peace and safety 隐居处 2. 撤退；避难 vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity 撤退；退避 muse, Muse n. 1. (in Greek mythology) one of the nine goddesses of poetry, music, etc. 缪斯（希腊神话中司文艺的九位女神之一） 2. a force or person that inspires sb. to write, paint, etc. 创作灵感 rescue n. help which gets sb. out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation 救助；救援 vt. 救助；救援 sister-in-law n. sister of one's husband or wife 姑子；姨子；嫂子；弟媳 sketch v. make a quick, rough drawing (of sth.) 素描，速写 n. 素描，速写 watercolo(u)r n. 水彩（颜料）；水彩画 magic n. 魔法，法术 a. 有魔力的 * distract vt. (from) take (one's mind, sb.) off sth. 转移（注意力）; 使转移注意力 * canvas n. 1. a piece of strong heavy cloth used for an oil painting 帆布画布 2. a completed oil painting 油画 * contemplate vt. look at in a serious or quiet way, often for some time （默默地）注视，凝视 blank a. 1. without writing, print or other marks 空白的 2. expressionless；without understanding 无表情的；茫然的 unaccustomed a. not used (to sth.); not usual （对某物）不习惯的；不寻常的 accustomed a. regular; usual 惯常的，通常的 hesitantly ad. not doing sth. quickly or immediately for one's uncertainty or worry about it 犹豫不决地 infinite a. extremely great in degree or amount; without limits or end 无限的；极大的 precaution n. 1. carefulness 防备，预防 2. an action taken to avoid sth. dangerous or unpleasant 预防措施 bean n. 豆；蚕豆 motorcar n. a car 汽车 alarm vt. excite with sudden fear or anxiety 使惊恐；使忧虑 n. 1. a sudden feeling of fear or anxiety 惊恐；忧虑 2. a warning of danger 警报 plunge vi. (into, in) 1. rush suddenly and deeply into sth. 投身于 2. suddenly fall in a particular direction 纵身投入；一头扎入 fierce a. 1. angry, violent and cruel 暴怒的；凶猛的；残酷的 2. (of heat, strong feelings) very great 强烈的 * slash n. a long sweeping cut or blow 砍；挥击 vt. cut with long sweeping forceful strokes；move or force with this kind of cutting movement 砍，砍击；猛挥 absolutely ad. completely；without conditions 完全地；绝对地 * terrify vt. fill with terror or fear 恐吓，使惊吓 * wretched a. very unhappy or unfortunate 不幸的；可怜的 victim n. sb. or sth. hurt or killed as a result of other people's actions, or of illness, bad luck, etc. 牺牲者，受害者；牺牲品 * fury n. 1. a wildly excited state (of feeling or activity) 狂热；激烈 2. (a state of) very great anger 狂怒 artistic a. 1. of. concerning art or artists 艺术的；艺术家的 2. made with inventive skill or imagination 富有艺术性的 companion n. mate; one who associates with or accompanies another 同伴；伴侣 beloved a. much loved; darling 深爱的；亲爱的 overcome vt. 1. (often pass.) (by, with) (of feelings) take control and influence one's behavior 〔常被动〕（感情等）压倒，使受不了 2. win a victory over; defeat 克服；战胜 * refuge n. (a place that provides) protection or shelter from harm, danger or unhappiness 避难（所）；庇护（所） alas int. a cry expressing grief, sorrow or fear 唉（表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等） * revive v. 1. regain strength, consciousness, life, etc.；bring (sb. or sth.) back to strength, consciousness, life, etc. （使）复苏；（使）重振活力 2. become active, popular, or successful again 恢复生机；复兴；重新流行 glow n. a feeling of warmth or pleasure 热烈 vi. emit a soft light 发光 amateur a. & n. (a person who is) not professional 业余（水平）的（运动员、艺术家等） entry n. 1. a person or thing taking part in a competition, race, etc. 参赛一员 2. entrance; the act of entering or the right to enter 进入；进入权 * anonymous a. (of a person) with name unknown；(of a letter, painting, etc.) written or created by an unidentified person 名字不详的；匿名的 disqualify vt. make or declare unfit, unsuitable, or unable to do sth. 取消…的资格；使不适合；使不能 rely vi. (on, upon) 1. have trust or confidence (in) 信任；信赖 2. depend with full trust or confidence 依赖 * historian n. a person who studies history and/or writes about it 历史学家 * barren a. (of land) unproductive （土地等）贫瘠的，荒芜的 awaken vt. 1. (to) cause to become conscious of 使意识到 2. cause to wake up 唤醒 * menace n. a threat or danger 威胁 abundant a. plentiful; more than enough 丰富的；充足的 abundance n. a great quantity; plenty 丰富；充裕；大量 odd a. 1. (infml.) (after numbers) a little more than the stated number 〔常用以构成复合词〕…以上的；…出头的 2. strange or unusual 奇特的；古怪的 3. 奇数的，单数的 existence n. the state of existing 存在；实有 * pastime n. hobby；sth. done to pass time in a pleasant way 消遣，娱乐 Phrases and Expressions pay the price experience sth. unpleasant because one has done sth. wrong, made a mistake, etc. 付出代价 come to sb.'s rescue help sb. when he/she is in danger or difficulty 解救某人，救助某人 chance upon meet by chance; find by chance 偶然碰见；偶然发现 try one's hand attempt (to do sth.), esp. for the first time 尝试 plunge into begin to do sth. suddenly; enter without hesitation 突然或仓促地开始某事；突然冲入 before one knows it before one has time to consider the course of events 转眼之间，瞬息之间 fall upon attack fiercely 猛攻，猛扑 take refuge seek protection from danger or unhappiness 避难 rely on trust, or confidently depend on 依赖，依靠 fall from office lose a position of authority to which sb. was elected or appointed 离位，下台 awaken to cause to become conscious of 使意识到 bear fruit produce successful results 结果实；有成果 date from have existed since 始自 keep sb. company stay with sb. so that he/she is not alone 陪伴某人 Proper Names Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔（1874—1965，英国保守党政治家、首相〔1940—1945，1951—1955〕、作家） Mary Soames 玛丽·索姆斯 First Lord of the Admiralty （英国）海军大臣 Dardanelles 达达尼尔海峡（位于亚洲小亚细亚半岛同欧洲巴尔干半岛之间） Clementine 克莱门泰因（女子名） Surrey 萨里郡（英国英格兰郡名） John Lavery 约翰·莱佛利 Marigold 玛丽戈尔德（女子名） Chartwell 查特威尔（宅名） Adolf. Hitler 希特勒（1889—1945，纳粹德国元首）