北京鸟巢英文介绍

The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the bird's nest will be the main track and field stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics and will be host to the Opening and Closing ceremonies. In 2002 Government officials engaged architects worldwide in a design competition. Pritzker Prize-winning architects Herzog & de Meuron collaborated with ArupSport and China Architecture Design & Research Group to win the competition. The stadium will seat as many as 100,000 spectators during the Olympics, but this will be reduced to 80,000 after the games. It has replaced the original intended venue of the Guangdong Olympic Stadium. The stadium is 330 metres long by 220 metres wide, and is 69.2 metres tall. The 250,000 square metre (gross floor area) stadium is to be built with 36 km of unwrapped steel, with a combined weight of 45,000 tonnes. The stadium will cost up to 3.5 billion yuan (422,873,850 USD/ 325,395,593 EUR). The ground was broken in December 2003, and construction started in March 2004, but was halted by the high construction cost in August 2004. In the new design, the roof of the stadium had been omitted from the design. Experts say that this will make the stadium safer, whilst reducing construction costs. The construction of the Olympic buildings will continue once again in the beginning of 2005. In depth The stadium's appearance is one of synergy, with no distinction made between the facade and the superstructure. The structural elements mutually support each other and converge into a grid-like formation - almost like a bird's nest with its interwoven twigs. The spatial effect of the stadium is novel and radical, yet simple and of an almost archaic immediacy, thus creating a unique historical landmark for the Olympics of 2008. The stadium was conceived as a large collective vessel, which makes a distinctive and unmistakable impression both from a distance and when seen from up close. It meets all the functional and technical requirements of an Olympic National Stadium, but without communicating the insistent sameness of technocratic architecture dominated by large spans and digital screens. Visitors walk through this formation and enter the spacious ambulatory that runs full circle around the stands. From there, one can survey the circulation of the entire area including the stairs that access the three tiers of the stands. Functioning like an arcade or a concourse, the lobby is a covered urban space with restaurants and stores that invite visitors to stroll around. Just as birds stuff the spaces between the woven twigs of their nests with a soft filler, the spaces in the structure of the stadium will be filled with inflated ETFE cushions. Originally, on the roof, the cushions were to be mounted on the outside of the structure to make the roof completely weatherproof, but the roof has been omitted from the design in 2004. While the rain was to be collected for rainwater recuperation, the sunlight was to filter through the translucent roof, providing the lawn with essential ultraviolet radiation. On the facade, the inflated cushions will be mounted on the inside of the structure where necessary, e.g. to provide wind protection. Since all of the facilities -- restaurants, suites, shops and restrooms -- are all self-contained units, it is possible to do largely without a solid, enclosed facade. This allows for natural ventilation of the stadium, which is the most important aspect of the stadium's sustainable design. The sliding roof was an integral part of the stadium structure. When it was to be closed, it would have converted the stadium into a covered arena; however, the sliding roof was eliminated in an effort to cut costs and increase overall safety of the radical new structure.

Beijing National Stadium (Bird's Nest/Olympic Stadium) The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the bird's nest will be the main track and field stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics and will be host to the Opening and Closing ceremonies. In 2002 Government officials engaged architects worldwide in a design competition. Pritzker Prize-winning architects Herzog & de Meuron collaborated with ArupSport and China Architecture Design & Research Group to win the competition. The stadium will seat as many as 100,000 spectators during the Olympics, but this will be reduced to 80,000 after the games. It has replaced the original intended venue of the Guangdong Olympic Stadium. The stadium is 330 metres long by 220 metres wide, and is 69.2 metres tall. The 250,000 square metre (gross floor area) stadium is to be built with 36 km of unwrapped steel, with a combined weight of 45,000 tonnes. The stadium will cost up to 3.5 billion yuan (422,873,850 USD/ 325,395,593 EUR). The ground was broken in December 2003, and construction started in March 2004, but was halted by the high construction cost in August 2004. In the new design, the roof of the stadium had been omitted from the design. Experts say that this will make the stadium safer, whilst reducing construction costs. The construction of the Olympic buildings will continue once again in the beginning of 2005. In depth The stadium's appearance is one of synergy, with no distinction made between the facade and the superstructure. The structural elements mutually support each other and converge into a grid-like formation - almost like a bird's nest with its interwoven twigs. The spatial effect of the stadium is novel and radical, yet simple and of an almost archaic immediacy, thus creating a unique historical landmark for the Olympics of 2008. The stadium was conceived as a large collective vessel, which makes a distinctive and unmistakable impression both from a distance and when seen from up close. It meets all the functional and technical requirements of an Olympic National Stadium, but without communicating the insistent sameness of technocratic architecture dominated by large spans and digital screens. Visitors walk through this formation and enter the spacious ambulatory that runs full circle around the stands. From there, one can survey the circulation of the entire area including the stairs that access the three tiers of the stands. Functioning like an arcade or a concourse, the lobby is a covered urban space with restaurants and stores that invite visitors to stroll around. Just as birds stuff the spaces between the woven twigs of their nests with a soft filler, the spaces in the structure of the stadium will be filled with inflated ETFE cushions. Originally, on the roof, the cushions were to be mounted on the outside of the structure to make the roof completely weatherproof, but the roof has been omitted from the design in 2004. While the rain was to be collected for rainwater recuperation, the sunlight was to filter through the translucent roof, providing the lawn with essential ultraviolet radiation. On the facade, the inflated cushions will be mounted on the inside of the structure where necessary, e.g. to provide wind protection. Since all of the facilities -- restaurants, suites, shops and restrooms -- are all self-contained units, it is possible to do largely without a solid, enclosed facade. This allows for natural ventilation of the stadium, which is the most important aspect of the stadium's sustainable design. The sliding roof was an integral part of the stadium structure. When it was to be closed, it would have converted the stadium into a covered arena; however, the sliding roof was eliminated in an effort to cut costs and increase overall safety of the radical new structure. Beijing National Stadium Bird's Nest/Olympic Stadium Facility statistics Location Beijing Broke ground Dec 2003 Opened Unknown Closed N/A Demolished N/A Owner Surface Grass Construction cost 3.5 billion yuan Architect Herzog & de Meuron ArupSport CAG Tenants Seating capacity 91,000 (80,000 Post Olympics) 参考资料：

The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the bird's nest will be the main track and field stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics and will be host to the Opening and Closing ceremonies. In 2002 Government officials engaged architects worldwide in a design competition. Pritzker Prize-winning architects Herzog & de Meuron collaborated with ArupSport and China Architecture Design & Research Group to win the competition. The stadium will seat as many as 100,000 spectators during the Olympics, but this will be reduced to 80,000 after the games. It has replaced the original intended venue of the Guangdong Olympic Stadium. The stadium is 330 metres long by 220 metres wide, and is 69.2 metres tall. The 250,000 square metre (gross floor area) stadium is to be built with 36 km of unwrapped steel, with a combined weight of 45,000 tonnes. The stadium will cost up to 3.5 billion yuan (422,873,850 USD/ 325,395,593 EUR). The ground was broken in December 2003, and construction started in March 2004, but was halted by the high construction cost in August 2004.In the new design, the roof of the stadium had been omitted from the design. Experts say that this will make the stadium safer, whilst reducing construction costs. The construction of the Olympic buildings will continue once again in the beginning of 2005. 北京国家体育馆，也称“鸟巢”，将成为2008年夏季奥运会主要的田径体育场，并在此举办开幕式和闭幕式。它在2002年，由政府官员从来自世界各地的建筑设计比赛作品中选中。普里茨克奖得奖建筑师赫尔佐克＆德莫鸿联合Arupsport以及中国建筑设计研究院共同赢得竞赛。奥运会期间，该体育馆将有多达100,000名观众入座，不过，奥运会之后将减少至80,000。它取代了原计划的广东奥林匹克体育场。该体育场长330米， 宽220米，高69.2米。 25万平方米（总楼面面积）大球场共建有36公里长的拆开包装的钢铁，总重量45,000吨。该体育场将耗资高达35.00亿元（ 422,873,850美元/ 325,395,593欧元）。2003年12月破土动工，2004年3月开始修建，但在2004年8月，由于建筑成本高昂停产，进行设计修改。 在新的设计中，体育馆的屋顶被做了简化。专家指出，这样做会令大球场安全，并且降低施工成本。建造工作将在2005年年初重新启动。

场馆名称：国家体育场 建设地点：奥林匹克公园 建筑面积：25.8万平方米坐席数：91000个(含200个轮椅看台座位) 赛时功能：田径、足球 赛后功能：将用于国际国内体育比赛和文化、娱乐活动 开工时间：2003年12月 鸟巢的观众容量为德国世界杯主体育场的1.5倍、雅典奥运会主会场的2倍，它是世界最大的钢结构建筑体育馆。 经过一次“瘦身”的鸟巢，取消了可开启屋顶，扩大了屋顶开孔，计划用钢总量约为4.2万吨。 鸟巢的看台外观设计像个大碗，是环抱着赛场的收拢结构，上下层之间部分交错，使得观众不论坐在哪里，都和比赛场地中心点之间的视线距离一致。 “鸟巢”运用流体力学设计，模拟出91000个人同时观赛的自然通风状况，让所有观众都能享有同样的自然光和自然通风，听到同样清晰的场内广播。Venues: the National Stadium Construction sites: the Olympic Park Building Area: 258,000 square meters Seats: 91,000 (including 200 wheelchair stands seats) Race features: track and field, soccer After functions: will be used for domestic and international sports competitions and cultural and recreational activities Start time: December 2003 The nest of the audience capacity main stadium for the World Cup in Germany and 1.5 times, the main venue for the Athens Olympics two times, it is the world's largest steel structure construction Coliseum. After a "downsizing" of the nest, removed the roof can be opened, expanded the roof openings, Steel plans a total of about 42,000 tons. The stands of the nest designs like a bowl, the stadium is part of the Shoulong holding structure, between the lower part of the staggered, making sitting in the audience regardless of where, and the playing field between the line of sight from the center line. "Nest" use of hydrodynamic design, simulate赛of 91,000 individuals at the same time the state of natural ventilation so that all audiences can enjoy the same natural light and natural ventilation, hear the same clear at the radio.

英文介绍 Beijing National Stadium (Bird's Nest/Olympic Stadium) The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the bird's nest will be the main track and field stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics and will be host to the Opening and Closing ceremonies.北京国家体育馆，也被称为鸟巢即将成为2008夏季奥运会的主要田径比赛场馆。奥运会开幕式闭幕式也将在这里主办。 In 2002 Government officials engaged architects worldwide in a design competition. Pritzker Prize-winning architects Herzog & de Meuron collaborated with ArupSport and China Architecture Design & Research Group to win the competition.政府于2002年在全世界范围内征募建筑师进行比赛。普里茨克尔建筑奖获得者赫尔佐格.德.穆龙组合和ArupSport公司以及中国建筑设计开发集团强强联手赢得比赛。 The stadium will seat as many as 100,000 spectators during the Olympics, but this will be reduced to 80,000 after the games. 在奥运会期间，体育馆将会容纳达100000名观众。奥运会后减至80000名。It has replaced the original intended venue of the Guangdong Olympic Stadium. 它取代了原定的广东奥林匹克体育场作为比赛场地。The stadium is 330 metres long by 220 metres wide, and is 69.2 metres tall. 场馆长330米，宽220米，高69.2米。The 250,000 square metre (gross floor area) stadium is to be built with 36 km of unwrapped steel, with a combined weight of 45,000 tonnes. 250000平方米的体育馆将由全长36千米的钢铁搭建而成，总重达45000吨。The stadium will cost up to 3.5 billion yuan (422,873,850 USD/ 325,395,593 EUR). 将耗资达35亿元人民币（折合422,873,850 美元/ 325,395,593 欧元）The ground was broken in December 2003, and construction started in March 2004, but was halted by the high construction cost in August 2004. 于2003年破土动工，2004年开始建造，但于2004年八月由于高的建筑造价被迫停止。

but was halted by the high construction cost in August