英语拼读有规律吗

英语拼读规则28条(必知)1． 字母q总是与u在一起，读做/kw/, 此处u不作元音.2． 字母c在字母e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop).3． 字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读做/j/(get, girl, give); 其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust).4． 元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u), 有助于学生正确划分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port…rather than rep ort). 5． 字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可读做I(silent, my, type).6．一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).7． 有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me, she, 和 he的短单词末尾的字母e读做e, 较长的单词末尾的e不发音)尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承担一项工作)7.1 bake gene time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音..7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c读软音/j/和/s/.7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母.7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是 fals).7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如or/ore for/fore.7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音. 如treatise giraffe8.有五种字母组合发/er/的音/, 记住下面的句子.Her nurse first works early. 这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音. 还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音.如dollar, doctor.9. 1-1-1规则: 单音节单词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop---hop ped). 但是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个音/ks/.10. 2-1-1规则: 双音节词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin--- be gin + ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).11. 去e规则, 以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的e.(come----coming)12. 是ie还是ei? 一般情况下, 应该是ie, 但是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音时, 用ei(neighbor, weigh, vein). 还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either weird protein heifer:13. 音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish), 但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship).14. 音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头, 发音/sh/. 常常可以通过考察词根和根词来确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素.比如infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tialmusic to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cialsoci (companion) to so cial / ancien (old) to an cientcruc (cross) to cru cial / speci (kind) to spe cial15. 音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(ses sion)发/sh/, 一个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个s(tense---tension), 其中的音素si发/sh/.discuss to dis cus sion / compress to com pres sion / admis to ad mis sion16. 音素si可以发/zh/, 如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.17. 只有一个元音的单音节词,常常双写词尾的l, s, f. 比如will, off, miss. 有时双音节词也用到这条规则, 如re cess18. 词尾为长音a时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)19. 元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音. (find, old)20. s从不在x后, 音素x包含一个/s/音, /ks/.21. 去L规则1: all单独出现有两个l, 但在前缀中只有一个l.(al most, al so, al though).22. 去L规则2: till和full单独出现有两个l, 作后缀只有一个l. (un til, plen ti ful).23. 音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).24. Y变I规则: 进行词尾变化时, 词尾是一个辅音字母+y, 要变y为i. 下列两种情况驻外(1)加-ing, (2)变后会引起音节分裂.city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni estmultiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/cried deny/denied25. 音素ck只用在单元音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).26. 字母开头的z永远发/z/, 不会发/s/.27. 音素ed有三个音, 基本词以/t/和/d/音结尾, ed发/ed/(divide---divided, heat---heated); 基本词以浊辅音结尾的, ed发/d/( lived), 以清辅音结尾的发/t/(stopped)28. 单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic)], 重读音节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音lit tle.

重读音节

开闭音节读音

元音字母重读开音节和闭音节中的读音

a

①在开音节中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake

②在闭音节中

1一般读作/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back

2后面字母为后面字母为st，ss，th时读/ɑ:/

e

①在开音节中/i:/he,these,me,Chinese

②在闭音节中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg

i

①在开音节中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite

②在闭音节中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim

o

①在开音节中/əʊ/those,close,go,hoe,home,no

②在闭音节中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock

u

①在开音节中

1./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday

2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时（辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]），读/u:/，例如：June，blue，ruler，true。

②在闭音节中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch

特殊读音

元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

a

①在/w/音后面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality

②在f，n，sk，ph，sp，ss，st，th，lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father

i

在-nd，-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high

o

①在-st，-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold

②在m，n，v，th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother

r音节

-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

ar

①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener

②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards

or

①/ɔ:/forty morning short

②/ɜ:/word worker worse

er，ir，ur

/ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday

注：①辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry，sorry，hurry。②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音，例如：dollar，teacher，martyr，forget，Saturday。

re音节

-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

are

/eə/care,dare,hare

ere

/ɪə/here,mere

ire

/aɪə/fire,hire,wire

ore

/ɔ:/more,score,before

ure

/jʊə/pure,cure

-re

/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre

注

①are，ere，ire，ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音，例如：picture，pleasure。

②重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读/r/音。例如：parent，zero，story，during，inspiring。

③另外，某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange，very，American，paragraph。

元音字组

元音字组在重读音节中的读音

ai，ay

/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play

air

/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair

al

①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,

②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost

③在f,m前/α:/half,calm

au，aw

/ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw

ea

①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please

②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather

③/eɪ/break,great

ear

①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year

②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear

③/ɜ:/earth,learn,early

ee

/i:/jeep,week,green,three

eer

/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer

ei，ey

①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they

②/i:/seize,key

eu,ew

①在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry，jewel

②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper

ie,ei

/s/音之后/i:/piece,field,receive

oa

/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal

oar，oor

/ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor

oi，oy

/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet

oo

/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo

/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, football

ou，ow

①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down

②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though

③/ʌ/young,country,enough

④/u:/group,soup

our

①/ɔ:/ course,your,four

②/aʊə/our,hour,sour

③/ɜ:/journey

oul

/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词）

ui

①在j，l，r，s后/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition

②/u:/juice,fruit,suit

非重读音节

元音字母

元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

a

/ə/China,another,woman,breakfast

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，作动词后缀音，a读/eɪ/音，例如：operate，a处在开音节位置，

e

/ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children

i

①/ə/holiday,beautiful,family,animal

②/aɪ/exercise,satellite

o

①/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome

②/əʊ/also,zero,photo

u

①/ə/autumn,difficult

②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January

③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时，读/ʊ/或/u:/音，例如：July，influence，February，issue。

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a，e，i既可以读/ə/的音，也可以读/ɪ/的音。

元音字组

非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

ai,ay,ei,ey

/ɪ/foreign,monkey

ow

/əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow

注：元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如：serious，famous，biscuit，coffee，neighbour

-sion，-tion

①/ʃən/impression,nation

②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion

③在s后/tʃən/question,suggestion

-isle

/aɪl/aisle, Carlisle

-sten

/sən/listen

-stle

/sl/whistle

-sure

/ʒə/pleasure,measure

-ture

/tʃə/picture,culture

复合词

元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：everyday/eɪ/，handbag/æ/，blackboard/ɔ:/。有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：holy（神圣）+day/eɪ/（日子）=holiday/ɪ/（假日）：break（中断）+fast/α:/（斋戒）=breakfast/ə/（早餐）；cup（茶杯）+board/ɔ:/（木板）=cupboard/ə/（碗柜）。

辅字组读音

b

①/b/ bike,bus,bag

②/不发/bomb,tomb

c

①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema，bicycle

②其他情况/k/cake,picture,coat,music

③/tʃ/cello、concerto

ch

①/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher

②/k/school,headache,chemistry（主要为希腊外来词）

③/ʃ/machine,moustache（主要是法语外来词）

-ck/cq

[k]cock,pocket,black,knock,checque，

cz

[tʃ] Czech

d

/d/doctor,bread,hand,day

-dg(e)

/dʒ/bridge,fridge

dr-

/dr/children,driver,drink

ds

/dz/hands（主要用于可数名词复数）

f

/f/five,four,breakfast

/v/of

g

①/g/bag,garden,go

②在e,i,y之前一般读作/dʒ/，少数例外，orange,large,German，apology，giant

③e,i,y之前少数情况下读/ʒ/genre,massage

gh

①/f/cough,enough

②/不发/light,daughter,high

gu-，-gue

①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)

②/gw/language,anguish

h

①/h/hot,head,house,hand

②/不发/hour,honest

j

①/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June

②/ʒ/Jacques（用于法国人名）

③/h/Juanita（用于西班牙人名）

k

/k/kind,bike,skate,make,week

kn-

/n/knife,know,knock

l

①/l/life,lead,lot（出现在元音前面）

②/ɫ/milk,school,tall[出现在元音后面。可以出现在辅音前，也可出现在辅音后（词尾）]

m

/m/monkey,come

-mn

/m/autumn,column,solemn

n

①/n/not,shine,ten,note

②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry

-ng

/ŋ/morning,young,wrong

p

/p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen

ph

/f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph

q

/k/Iraq

qu-

/kw/quality,quite

r

/r/red,rubber,ruler

rz

/ʒ/ Zabrze（扎布热）

s

①在词首、清辅音前/s/sit,sleep,desk

②元音字母间或浊辅音前/z/music,husband

③sure结构或s+i/e+元音字母时读作/ʃ/或/ʒ/。/ʃ/：ensure，Asian。/ʒ/：pleasure，conclusion。

sc-

①/sk/scarlet

②/s/在i，e和y之前scenery,science

sch-

/ʃ/schedule/英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul/

sh

/ʃ/she,fish,shirt,wash

t

①/t/ten,letter,meet

②在弱读字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/patient,nation

tch

/tʃ/watch

th

①/θ/thin,thirty,method

②/ð/the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather（在冠词、代词、介词、连词中，以及在词尾-the，-ther中

tr-

/tr/tree,train,country,truck

ts,tz

/ts/Tsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants（主要用于可数名词复数）

quartz,Hertz/英hə:z,美hə:rts/（用于德国人名）

v

/v/very,voice,love,leave

w

①/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait

②/不发/answer,two,sword

wh-

①/w/what,when,white,why

②在字母o前/h/who,whose,whole

wr-

/r/write

x

①在重读元音后/ks/box,text,exercise

②ex+重音元音读/gz/，example,exist,exact

③/z/xylophone

y

/j/yes,yard,yellow,young

z

①/z/puzzle,zero,zoo

②/ʒ/azure

③/ts/pizza Nazi(意大利、德国外来词）

zh

/ʒ/ zhoosh

（1）辅音字母的读音： 音形一致的拼音：b[b],p [p], m[ m], f [f],d [d],t[t],n[n],l[l],g[g],k[k],h[h],l [l] ,r [r], v [v], w [w], z[z],音形不一致的拼音： c [k] [s] [ ], g [g] [d , j [d ], x [ks] ,y [j], s [s] [z] [ ] [ ]最常见的辅音字母组合的拼读sh [ʃ], ch [tʃ], th [θ], ph [f],（2.）元音字母的读音：元音字母的拼读，首先我要学生先了解什么是开音节？（以元音字母结尾的音节为开音节），什么是闭音节？（以辅音字母结尾的音节为闭音节），并和学生一起寻找发音规律，规律找到了，当学生了解了音节的规律，元音字母的发音就迎刃而解了。如：★开音节的拼音：A 发字母本身音[ei] age, ate, name, cake, lake, take, make, game, gave, made, late, came, bate, date, face, gate, hate, page, race, same, tame, wake, gave, famous, lady, bake等。E发字母本身音[i:] be, these, me, he, she, we, 等。I发字母本身音[ai] I bike, China, like, fine, five, kite, nice, wide, Friday, ride, white, write, Chinese, ice, line, mine, life, idea, nine, 等。O发字母本身音[u] ago, radio, go, photo, rode, old, told, hold, cold, home, those, kilo, so, homework, phone, also, no, note, robot, nose, hope, joke, close, stone, clothes, broken等。U发字母本身音[ju:] cute, bute, mute, fume, men, pupil, argue, use, 等。★闭音节的拼音：A 发[ ]口型要打大at, bat, bad, band, apple, animal, fat, has, am, and, cat, cap, bag, family, capital, Saturday, than, had, grand, carry, happen, back, ran, badly, angry, sad, rang, flat, map, mat, van, man, ban, bap, can, cam, cab, cad, catch, hand, fantastic, thank, black, blackboard, panda, that, happy, activity, drank, dragon, taxi, swam, hat, sad, dad, mad, mat, pat, rat, sat，fan，lam，tad， van， wan等。E 发[e]让学生老师模仿口型 when, met, them, well, smell, tell, ball, clever, every, help, better, west, then, yes, yesterday, fell, hello, desk, red, yellow, ten, pen, pencil, bed, bedroom, dress, festival, get, telephone, egg, went, leg, twenty, next, let, men, chess, bet，net，pet ret，set，tet，vet，wetI [i] different, bring, holiday, lift, ticket, big, dinner, fish, listen, it, is, six, this, in, sister, his, him, bit, little, river, picnic, think, city, with, finish, sit, chick, skip, miss, nothing, pink, picture, little, listen, thing, drink, visit, swim,O发[ ] 让学生老师模仿口型drop, shop, box, bottle, coffee, lost, cross, long, pop, stop, dog, not, body, box, clock, computer, doll, got, hot, pocket, office, point, lots, doctorU发[ ] us, study, funny, but, bus, sun, Sunday, summer, hurry, mum, under, understand, cut, duck, truck, muck, much, puck, lucky, fun, gun, Hun, nun, pun, run, sun, tun, up,字母组合的读音也是有规律可循的。如;ea, ee字母组合的发[i:]音：tea, clean, team, eat, east, speak, please, each, easy, read, sea, teacher，need, cheese, wheel, feel, agree, green, week, thirteen, fourteen, three, deep, peep, weep, sleep, jeep, see, feet, street, teeth, meet, week部分ea字母组合发[e]：bread, heavy, breakfast, weather, head, headache, ready, deaf,oa,字母组合的发[u]音：road, boat, coat, ir字母组合的发[ ]音：girl, bird, thirsty, third, first, birthday, circle, sir, shirt, skirt, dirty, skirt,ar,组合字母发[ a:（a再s, ss前）也发[a:]：hard, card, park, art, car, are, dark, arm, farmer, market, party, large, star, argue，farclass, vase, glass, pass, last, past, task,, mast, vast, cast, fast等ow字母组合有时发[u]音：window, yellow, show, slow, sow, tow, bow, mow, 等。ou, ow字母组合有时发[au]音mouth, about,, house, housework, south, how, now, town,等。oo字母组合有时发发[u]音：hood ,头巾wool ,羊毛 look ,good , foot, room, football, took, cook wood, book, goodbye,oo字母组合有时发[ u: ]food, moon, tool, toon, 红椿 noon, pool, zoo, too, school, cool, toothear字母组合有时发 [i ]音：tear，dear，fear，gear，hear， near，shear，rear，searear字母组合有时和air一样发[ ]：bear, tear, wear, pear,oy字母组合发[ i ]音: boy, toy, hoy赶牲畜的呼叫声, coy腼腆的, foy告别宴会, goy, 异教徒soy酱油；黄豆iht 字母组合发[ ai ]音：right, light, night, fight, might, tightay字母组合发[ ei]音: stay, say, day, gay快乐的, hay干草, lay设置