就近原则一般是用来判断句子的动词该用什么,比如像你说的这句:This is a man and woman,意思是这是一个男人和一个女人,按道理就是两个人,应该用these are才对,但是根据就近原则,a man前面就应该用动词的单数is。 还有比如:there is a pen and many books.这里有一支笔和很多书。这么多的东西看起来应该用there are,但因为动词就近的是a pen,所以就用there is。再举个例吧There is a girl! 这儿有一个女孩!be动词用的单数is 因为后面跟的是单数可数名词(且有不定冠词,单数标志)There are many girls! 这儿有很多女孩be动词用的复数are因为后面跟的是名词的复数形式(且有many修饰,many一般修饰可数名词)总结来说,这个be动词用单用复,就看后面的名词,可数单或不可数用is,可数复用are讲的也许有些生硬或不太清楚,见谅,因为我也刚刚上高中而已!嘿嘿!
所谓就近/就远原则是指句子的主语结构很复杂时,如何判断句子谓语的数的问题. 1.就近原则:there/here+be/系动词,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)...,not...but...,分数/百分数修饰名词(population类外),表许多的名词(除了quantity) 2.就远原则:as well as,(together/along) with,rather than,except/besides/but/including 如:Not only you but also I am right. 2/3 of the earth is covered by water. Many a student in our school has never been abroad. He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.