短语式提纲英文

推荐魏训刚的“中学语法三剑客”，包括视频教程，配套练习和记忆大纲，三件一套。系统全面。

ask sb for help 请求某人帮助 plan to do sth 计划做某事forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget dong sth 忘记做了某事finish dong sth完成某事 leave a piace 离开某地leave for a place 离开到某地去 动副结构，代词放中间decide to do sth decide on dong sth决定做某事（两个都是） as for +n.(Ving)至于某事go away for too long （出远门太久） 看医生只能用seefor 后面一般接时间段 end sb sth =send sth to sb寄某物给某人send sb sth from a place 从某地寄给某人某物 get back to a place 回到某处give sth back 归还某物 get sth back要回某物maybe在句首作定语 may be 在主语后做谓语the same as与什么相同 be different from 与什么不同very often 经常，只用在句尾 make a difference 使什么不同try to do sth尽力做某事 the result of +n.(Ving)某事的结果try one's best to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 形容词修饰不定代词放在后面 of course 当然make a difference 有区别\有重要性 a healthy lifestyle 健康生活方式 get good grades 获得好成绩eating habits 饮食习惯 pretty healthy 相当健康 be good for 对……有益 try to do sth. 试着做某事 a few 有些 at the moment 此时/现在 lie down 躺下 hot tea with honey 热茶加蜂蜜 stressed out 紧张 too much 太多on the other hand 在另一方面 traditional Chinese doctors 传统中医 a balance of yin and yang 阴阳平衡 a balanced diet 饮食平衡 feel well 感觉舒服 conversation practice 对话练习 get back 回来 think about 思考 decide on 决定\选定something different 不同的东西 show sb. sth. 给某人某物 have a quick breakfast 匆匆吃过早饭 leave for 前往 around the world 全世界 means of transportation 交通方式 thank you so much 这样感谢你 don't worry 不要担心Thanks for asking. Thanks a lot for the invitation多谢邀请 the whole day整天 come over to过来 another time下一次 in some ways在某些方面 look the same看起来一样 look different看起来不同 more than 多于；超过 in common 共用… as … as …同……一样… be good at擅长; 在…方面做得好 the same as与……一样 make me laugh使我大笑 most of 大多数 be different from与……不同 opposite views相反的观点 be good with children善待孩子们 begin with以……开始 all together 一起；总共What are you doing for vacation? 你如何度过假期?I’m doing sth. 我将……When are you going? 你什么时候出发?I’m going + 时间点. 我将于……时出发How long are you staying? 你将待多久?We’re staying for+ 时间段 我将待……Who are you going with? 你与谁同行?I’m going with sb. 我与……同行【同义词】Take subway a = by subway = on/in a subwayTake a bus= by bus = on/in a busTake a taxi = by taxi = on/in a taxiTake a train= by train = on/in a trainRide a bick/bicycle = by bikeWalk = on foot

英语作文提纲怎么写 英语作文提纲格式 er school lessons for the following day. Oftentimes i 英语作文提纲怎么写，模式是怎样的 但是写错的话还不如不写先用汉字写出来，一般英语作文的开头和结尾是固定格式的，这样会给你的作文加分不少，你可以记一下，因为这样会扣分的。卷面也是十分重要的，很有帮助的，然后列出可以用到的短语和句子。 什么是非提纲式作文（大学英语） 30分 自由发挥的作文。把日常发生一些事情用英语写出来，如果不清楚自己写的效果咋样，可以上伯瑞找个外国人帮忙修改一下 高考英语提纲类作文有什么格式么? 第一部分、写作模板——图表式作文It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak of …(多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势). 第二部分、写作模板——提纲式作文 一、说明原因型 模块(一) Nowadays , there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated that ( 1 ). Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that ( 2 ) .Besides, ( 3 ) . The third reason is ( 4 ). To sum up , the main cause of XX is due to ( 5 ) . It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing , ( 6 ). On the other hand , ( 7 ). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX . 注释： (1)用具体数据说明XX现象； (2)原因一； (3)原因二； (4)原因三 (5)指出主要原因； 英语六级作文哪一年是提纲式的 瞧瞧我们这个班之谁是谁的传人12 五（1）班上许多人的名字都和一些古代名人的名字很相象，所以有的时候大家都叫对方的“祖宗”的名字。 比如说中队长东方子雨吧。她姓东方，很容易使人联想到古代的名人东方朔。所以大伙儿有时候就叫她“东方朔的孙子的孙子的孙子的孙女”，尽管很绕口，但大家还是津津乐道。 还有东方子雨的好友司马雯慧，她姓司马，跟古代名人司马光、司马迁同姓，所以大家都说司马雯慧是司马光或者司马迁的后代呢！ 班长秦思雅姓秦，跟秦始皇同一个姓，再加上秦思雅那么“辣”，简直就是暴君秦始皇的三百代单传呀！ 另外还有班上唯一的一对姐妹花黛妮、黛娜。她俩姓黛，英国皇妃黛安娜也“姓”黛，真是绝了！所以黛妮、黛娜被大家认为是黛安娜的后代。 瞧，五（1）班的学生个个都来头不小呢！ 求一篇英语论文提纲范文格式 ？？？ 中华励志网为您提供免费英语论文提纲范文下载，英语论文提纲范文是为考生朋友提供的免费英语论文提纲范文专栏，涵盖了丰富的免费英语论文提纲范文的相关文章。相关英语论文提纲范文范文参考：英语论文提纲范文一.关于本专业毕业论文的选题英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行，即英语文学，语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向，具体解释如下：1.英语文学：选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。在进行国别文学研究选题时，一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家（如海明威），某一经典作品（如《双城记》），某一写作手法（如象征手法的运用）或某一文学思潮（如浪漫主义运动）作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名，容易引起学生的兴趣，如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》，学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时，应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义，不能流于肤浅的分析。文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生，因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段，本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的（如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”），也可以是不同国别的（如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》）2.语言学：选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行：普通语言学和应用语言学。普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究，如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究（如“一般现在时及其交际功能”）。应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的应用语言学分支的研究。师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题，也要避免过大范围的选题，而应对一个具体问题进行研究，最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有：“个性与英语教学”，“方言对英语学习的影响”等。3.翻译学：翻译学的选题一般可以在两个方向上进行：翻译理论以及翻译活动。对翻译理论的研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等。相比之下，对翻译活动的研究更多一些，这些选题可以是对一种语言现象的翻译、或一种修辞格的翻译的研究（如“汉语成语的英译”）。应该注意的是，在对翻译活动作研究时，往往需要某种翻译理论支撑，总结规律，并对这一活动作出评价，要避免仅仅时例子的罗列。 来源于博士论文网 boshilunwen 希望对你有所帮助，

Unit One 1. How often do you exercise ? → How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth. ? 疑问词how often是问频率(多经常), 在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用 Every day / Once a week / Twice a month / Three times a month / Three or four times a month . 2. What do you usually do on weekends ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。 I usually play soccer . 3. What’s your favorite program ? It’s Animal World . 4. What do students do at Green High School ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。 5. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如： As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。 6. The results for “ watch TV ” are interesting . 7. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . → want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如： Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？ The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。 8. She says it’s good for my health . → be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”。其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如： It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。 Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。 9. How many hours do you sleep every night ? 10. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school . 11. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里pretty相当于very 。 12. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week . → try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思 / try doing sth. 表示“ （用某一办法）试着去做某事”。 如:You’d better try doing the experiment in another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。 13. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades . → help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 14. Good food and exercise help me to study better . → help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 / 这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级 15. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different ? ＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle ? → be the same as … / be different from … 16. I think I’m kind of unhealthy . kind of = a little / a kind of 意思是“一种” 17. What sports do you play ? 18. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy 19. You must try to eat less meat . → try to do sth. 表示“ 尽力做某事 ” , 不包含是否成功的意思 / less是little的比较级 20. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得） , get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如： It tastes good. 这味道好。 The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。 The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。 Unit Two 1. What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? with为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。人称代词必须用它的宾格。 I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache 2. You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor . 3. I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替 4. When did it start ? About two days ago . 5. That’s too bad . 6. I hope you fell better soon . 这里better是well的比较级 7. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy . 这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语 8. Maybe you have too much yin . too much后跟不可数名词，而too many后跟可数名词复数 9. It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . → It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要 10. Everyone gets tired sometimes . 这里get连系动词，tired是形容词作表语，属系表结构 11. A sore throat can give you a fever . → give sb. sth . = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 12. Don’t get stressed out. It’s not healthy . 在这里get是连系动词，stressed out是表语 13. I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist . → need意思为 “需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为needn’t(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化 14. Eat a balanced diet to stay healthy . to stay healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语 15. I’m not feeling very well at the moment . at the moment = now Unit Three 1. What are you doing for vacation ? I’m babysitting my sister . Where are you going for vacation ? Italy . 这是现在进行时的一种比较特殊的用法，用来表示按计划或安排要做的事情，现在还没有去做。 2. Who are you going with ? I’m going with my parents . with my parents是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词are going的作用 3. When are you going ? I’m going on Monday . 4. What are you doing there ? I’m going hiking in the mountains . 5. How long are you staying ? Just for four days . I don’t like going away for too long .疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问，在这里是对时间的长短进行提问。 6. Have a good time . = Enjoy oneself . 玩得开心、愉快 7. Show me your photos when we get back to school . → show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某给某人看 8. I’m going to Hawaii for vacation . for vacation是介词短语，在这里作目的状语，起修饰谓语动词的作用 9. What’s it like there ? 这里like是介词，而不是动词 10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans ? → ask sb. sth . 问某人某事 11. Ben Lambert , the famous French singer , is taking a long vacation this summer ! → take a vacation 度假 12. He thought about going to Greece or Spain , but decided on Canada . → think about 考虑 / decide on 决定 这里的about和on都是介词 13. “ I always take vacation in Europe ,” he said . “ This time I want to do something different .” → (1). want to do sth. (2). 修饰不定代词(something , nothing , anything等)的定语常放在不定代词的后面 14. He plans to have a very relaxing vacation . → plan to do sth. 计划做某事 15. I’m planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside . 16. I just finished making my last movies . → finish doing sth. 完成做某事 17. I hear that Thailand is a good place to go sightseeing . to go sightseeing是动词不定式短语，作a good place的后置定语 18. She’s leaving for Hong Kong on Tuesday . → leave A for B 离开A地去B地 19. I want to ask you about places to visit China . to visit China是动词不定式短语，作places的后置定语 20. I’m planning my vacation to Italy this weekend . to Italy是动词不定式短语，作my vacation的后置定语 21. What should tourists take with them ? with them是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词take的作用 22. Where are you leaving from ? leave from 离开某地（注：from是介词） Unit Four 1. How do you get to school ? 疑问词how 在这里是对方式进行提问 I ride my bike / walk / take the subway . By bike / bicycle / bus / train / subway / taxi / air / plane / ship / boat . On foot . How do I get there ? 因there是副词,所以不能说get to there Don’t worry . Let me look at your map . Ok , first … , next … . Then … . 2. How long does it take ? 疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问 It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus . How long does t take you to get from home to school ? It takes twenty-five minutes . → take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人……时间做某事 3. Lin Fei’s home is about Kilometers from school . 4. How far is it from your home to school ? It’s three miles . How far do you live from school ? I live 10 miles from school . 疑问词how far在这里是对距离进行提问 5. In other parts of the world , things are different . 6. In China , it depends on where you are . → depend on 视……而定；决定于 7. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus . 8. In North America , not all students take the bus to school . not all是部分否定，意思是并不是所有的；不是全部的 9. Other parts of the world are different from the United States . 10. A small number of students take the subway . → a number of = many 许多 11. What do you think of the transportation in your town ? → think of 对……有某种看法 12. When it rains I take a taxi . 13. I have a map but in Chinese . 14. If you have a problem , you can ask a policeman . Unit Five 1. Can you come to my party ? Sure , I’d love(like) to . / I’m sorry , I can’t . I have to help my parents . Can you play tennis with me ? 情态动词can在这里起征求对方意见的作用。 2. I have too much homework this weekend . too much后跟不可数名词；too many后跟可数名词复数 3. That’s too bad . 4. Maybe another time . 5. Thanks for asking . for介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词 6. Come and have fun . / Come and join us . 7. On Wednesday , I’m playing tennis with the school team . 8. I have to study for my science test on Thursday . have to强调客观原因；而must强调主观原因 9. Please keep quiet ! I’m trying to study . → try to do sth. 表示“ 尽力做某事 ” , 不包含是否成功的意思 10. Do you want to come to my birthday party ? → want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事” 11. Li Lei is going fishing with grandpa the whole day . the whole day = all day 整天 12. Can you come over to my house ? 13. I’m free till 22:00 . Unit Six 1. I’m more outgoing than my sister . → 主语 + 动词 + 形容词比较级别 + than + 比较对象 2. As you can see , in some ways we look the same , and in some ways we look different . 3. However , we both enjoy going to parties . → enjoy doing sth. = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 4. Liu Li has more than one sister . more than 不止 5. Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common . → in common （团体）共同的；公有的 6. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister . as …as 和……一样 （其中as…as之间的形容词必须用原级）；它的否定式是：not as(so) … as 7. Liu Ying talks more than Liu Li . 这里more是much的比较级，而不是many的比较级 8. Both girls go to lots of parties . lots of = a lot of 许多 9. My friend is the same as me . → be the same as … 与……一样 / be different from …与……不同 10. I think a good friend makes me laugh . → make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 11. For me , a good friend likes to do the same things as me . → like to do sth. 12. That’s not very important for me …. 13. What’s your opinion ? 14. Should friends be different or the same ? same前常有定冠词the 15. I like to have friends who are like me . / I like to have friends who are different from me . → like to do sth.中的like 是动词,意思是“ 喜欢 ”；而are like me 中的like 是介词，意思是“ 像 ”。要注意区别like的词性。 16. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class . 17. We both like doing the same things . → like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 18. Who do you think should get the job , Ruth or Rose ? 19. You must be good with children / enjoy telling jokes . → be good with sb. 对某人好；与某人相处融洽 / enjoy doing = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 20. He can’t stop talking . → stop doing sth. 意为“ 停止（正在）做的事情” ，doing在句中是stop的宾语。如：When the teacher came in , the students stopped talking and laugh . 老师走了进来，学生们停止了谈笑。 / stop to do sth. 意为“ 停下（正在做的事）去做某事” ，动词不定式短语to do sth.在句中作动词 stop 的目的状语。 如：He stopped to write a letter to her . 他停下手边的工作，给她写信。 21. He always helps others . 22. She likes to stay at home and read . → like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 / stay at home 呆在家里 Review of units 1-6 1. You use milk to make cheese and you can drink it , too . 动词不定式短语to make cheese在这里作目的状语，修饰use milk 2. A part of your body beginning with “ a ” . → begin with 以……开始 （注意：with是介词） 3. The opposite of short is long or tall . 4. The neck is between your head and your body . → between … and 在……和……之间 5. Carrots , onions and peppers are all vegetables . → all用于三者或三者以上；both用于两者。同时要注意它们在句中的位置，即位于连系动词（be），助动词（be , will , shall , should 等），情态动词（can , may , must , have to等）的后面；其它动词的前面。 6. I like reading books in my free time . like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 / in one’s free time 在空余时间 7. I feel terrible , doctor . 在这里feel是连系动词，terrible是形容词作表语，feel terrible是系表结构作复合谓语 8. I usually relax in my swimming pool . 9. I’m very excited to be taking a vacation around China ! → be excited to do sth. 做某事很激动 10. Who is more athletic , Gao Yan or Li Tong ? 附：音节小议 英语的音素分为元音和辅音两大类，由一个元音或一个元音加一个或几个辅音结合构成的语音单位叫做音节。例如： 由一个元音构成的音节：I /aI/“我”、oh / u/“哦”、a/eI， /“一个”、ear/I /“耳朵”等； 由一个元音加一个辅音构成的音节： bee/bi:/“蜜蜂”、ill /il/“生病”、my/mai/“我的”、see /si:/“看见”等； 由一个元音加几个辅音构成的音节：bed /bed/“床”、bag/b g/“袋子”、clock /kl k/等。 英语的词有一个音节的，也有两个音节或三个音节以上的。顾名思义，一个音节叫做单音节，两个音节叫做双音节，三个或三个以上的音节叫做多音节。例如good /gud/只有一个音节，所以叫做单音节词；morning/`m :nI /分别有/m :n/和/I /两个音节，所以叫做双音节词；而afternoon /`a:ft `nu:n/有/a:f/、/t /、/nu:n/三个音节，所以，叫做多音节词。 在英语中，双音节或多音节的单词，每一个词都有一个读得特别响亮的音节，叫做重读音节，重读音节以重读符号“`”来表示。例如在evening /`i:vni /一词中，/i:/是重读音节。一般来说，只有一个音节的单词往往重读，但通常不标重读符号；双音节词和多音节词至少有一个音节重读，并在重读的音节左上方标出重读符号。 音节分为开音节和闭音节。以元音字母a 或 e, i, o, u结尾的音节叫做开音节，如nice, hi, hello, fine等都是以开音节结尾的单词；以辅音字母结尾的音节叫做闭音节，如meet, bed, what, wall, mom等都是以闭音节结尾的单词。 1.记单词的最好办法是什么？ 把一个单词造出多个句子，训练把这多个句子在场景下脱口说出。句子记住了，单词也当然得到了充分理解和长期记忆。 2.学习英语忌过分讲究速度和效率，不愿花时间经常重复（复习）已学过的内容。语言运用是一种技能，技能则只有靠熟能生巧，要不断重复才会熟练，只有熟练了才会形成一种不假思索的技能。 3.语言是有声的，我们对语言的感受首先是语言的声音作用于我们的大脑。如果不练习听力，只是默默地阅读和背单词，其结果不仅听不懂别人讲外语，而且阅读水平也难以提高。 4.语言的实践性很强，如果只学而不用，就永远也学不好。我们学语言的目的就是为了应用，要学会在用中学习，这样才能提高兴趣，达到好的学习效果。

看8，9单元笔记

八年级上册学的都比较简单，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级，句子成分，类型，简单句的五种基本句型，宾语从句，各种时态包括一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，一般将来时，情态动词和动词不定式等……具体内容如下——一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级) 2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级) 3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级) 4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级) 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。 big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级) 6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。 beautiful (原级)? difficult (原级) more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级) most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级) 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best many more most much more most bad worse worst little less least ill worse worst far farther(further) farthest(furthest) deep deeper deepest tall taller tallest 形容词比较级的用法: 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下: 主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。 形容词最高级的用法: 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为: 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。 二、句子成分1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类： 1)，简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式 3、表语 4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 6、状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 三、句子类型：1、简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。2、复合句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。3、两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。四、简单句的五种基本句型 基本句型一： S V （主＋谓） 基本句型二： S V P （主＋谓＋表） 基本句型三： S V O （主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）五、宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。初二上册学的宾从就是这些。六、时态：一. 一般现在时: (1)表示现在的状态, 例如:He’s twelve. (2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作,例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple.常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.1. 肯定句结构: (1) 行为动词:a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+动词原形... 例如:They go to school every day.b.第三人称单数: He/She/It+动词-s/es… 例如:Lily often likes singing. (2)系动词(be): I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is… 2.否定句结构: (1) 行为动词: a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+don’t+动词原形... 例如:They don’t go to school every day.b.第三人称单数:He/She/It+doesn’t +动词原形… 例如:Lily doesn’t like singing.(2)系动词(be): 在is/am/are后加not 例如:I am not a worker.3. 一般疑问句结构:a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: Do+they/we/you+动词原形... 例如:Do they go to school every day? （Yes, they do. No, they don’t.）b.第三人称单数: Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形… 例如: Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.) (2)系动词(be):把is/am/are提在主语前. 例如:Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, I’m not.)二.现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事情.常与now, look…, listen…等表示现在状态的时间状语连用.1.肯定句结构: 主语+is/am/are+动词-ing…例如: The boys are playing football now. 2.否定句结构: 在is/am/are后加not例如: The boys aren’t playing football now.3. 一般疑问句结构: 把is/am/are提在主语前. 例如: Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.)三.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用.1. 肯定句结构:(1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式…例如: The twins went to school two hours ago. (2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were… 例如: I was at home last night.2.否定句结构:(1) 行为动词: 主语+didn’t+动词原形…例如: The twins didn’t go to school two hours ago.(2)系动词(be): 在was/were后加not例如: I wasn’t at home last night.3. 一般疑问句结构:(1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形…?例如: Did the twins go to school two hours ago? (Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.)(2)系动词(be): 把was/were提在主语前.例如: Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I was’t.)四.一般将来时: 表示将来某时将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.常与tomorrow…, next…等表示将来状态的时间状语连用.1. 肯定句结构: (1)用于书面语: 主语+will+动词…例如: We will come to see you tomorrow (2)用于口语: 主语+am/is/are going to+动词…例如: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.2.否定句结构:(1)用于书面语: 在will后加not例如: We won’t come to see you tomorrow. (will not=won’t) (2)用于口语: 在is/am/are后加not.例如: Tom isn’ going to see his uncle next Sunday.3. 一般疑问句结构:(1)用于书面语: 把will提在主语前.例如: Will you come to see you tomorrow? (Yes, we will. No, we won’t.)(2)用于口语: 把is/am/are提在主语前.例如: Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday? (Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.)五.情态动词: can(能，会)， may（可以，可能，也许）， must(必须，一定，应该） have to（必须，不得不）1. 肯定句结构: 主语+can/may/must+动词…例如: I must go now.2.否定句结构: 在can/may/must后加not. 例如: I mustn’t go now.3. 一般疑问句结构: 把can/may/must提在主语前. Must you go now? (Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.) May I open the window? (Yes, you may. No, you needn’t.)六.had better+动词原形，表示“最好干……”，变否定句时在had better后加not.例如:You had better catch a bus. You’d better not catch a bus. (You had= You’d ) 七.动词不定式：want /forget /remember /would like /go + to + 动词原形… 例如: I want to get back my book.. Lucy went to see his mother last night.九.特殊疑问句的变换：对划线部分提问时，将划线部分去掉，剩下部分变一般疑问句语序。（对主语提问例外）例如: My name is Lily. What’s your name? The river is 500 kilometres. Hong long is the river?

Unit One 1. How often do you exercise ? → How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth. ? 疑问词how often是问频率(多经常), 在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用 Every day / Once a week / Twice a month / Three times a month / Three or four times a month . 2. What do you usually do on weekends ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。 I usually play soccer . 3. What’s your favorite program ? It’s Animal World . 4. What do students do at Green High School ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。 5. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如： As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。 6. The results for “ watch TV ” are interesting . 7. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . → want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如： Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？ The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。 8. She says it’s good for my health .→ be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”。其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如： It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。 Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。 9. How many hours do you sleep every night ? 10. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school . 11. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里pretty相当于very 。 12. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week . → try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思 / try doing sth. 表示“ （用某一办法）试着去做某事”。 如:You’d better try doing the experiment in another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。 13. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades . → help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 14. Good food and exercise help me to study better . → help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 / 这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级 15. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different ? ＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle ? → be the same as … / be different from … 16. I think I’m kind of unhealthy . kind of = a little / a kind of 意思是“一种” 17. What sports do you play ? 18. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy 19. You must try to eat less meat . → try to do sth. 表示“ 尽力做某事 ” , 不包含是否成功的意思 / less是little的比较级 20. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得） , get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如： It tastes good. 这味道好。 The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。 The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。 Unit Two 1. What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? with为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。人称代词必须用它的宾格。 I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache 2. You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor . 3. I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替 4. When did it start ? About two days ago . 5. That’s too bad . 6. I hope you fell better soon . 这里better是well的比较级 7. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy . 这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语 8. Maybe you have too much yin . too much后跟不可数名词，而too many后跟可数名词复数 9. It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . → It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要 10. Everyone gets tired sometimes . 这里get连系动词，tired是形容词作表语，属系表结构 11. A sore throat can give you a fever . → give sb. sth . = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 12. Don’t get stressed out. It’s not healthy . 在这里get是连系动词，stressed out是表语 13. I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist . → need意思为 “需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为needn’t(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化 14. Eat a balanced diet to stay healthy . to stay healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语 15. I’m not feeling very well at the moment . at the moment = now Unit Three 1. What are you doing for vacation ? I’m babysitting my sister . Where are you going for vacation ? Italy . 这是现在进行时的一种比较特殊的用法，用来表示按计划或安排要做的事情，现在还没有去做。 2. Who are you going with ? I’m going with my parents . with my parents是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词are going的作用 3. When are you going ? I’m going on Monday . 4. What are you doing there ? I’m going hiking in the mountains . 5. How long are you staying ? Just for four days . I don’t like going away for too long .疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问，在这里是对时间的长短进行提问。 6. Have a good time . = Enjoy oneself . 玩得开心、愉快 7. Show me your photos when we get back to school . → show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某给某人看 8. I’m going to Hawaii for vacation . for vacation是介词短语，在这里作目的状语，起修饰谓语动词的作用 9. What’s it like there ? 这里like是介词，而不是动词 10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans ? → ask sb. sth . 问某人某事 11. Ben Lambert , the famous French singer , is taking a long vacation this summer ! → take a vacation 度假 12. He thought about going to Greece or Spain , but decided on Canada . → think about 考虑 / decide on 决定 这里的about和on都是介词 13. “ I always take vacation in Europe ,” he said . “ This time I want to do something different .” → (1). want to do sth. (2). 修饰不定代词(something , nothing , anything等)的定语常放在不定代词的后面 14. He plans to have a very relaxing vacation . → plan to do sth. 计划做某事 15. I’m planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside . 16. I just finished making my last movies . → finish doing sth. 完成做某事 17. I hear that Thailand is a good place to go sightseeing . to go sightseeing是动词不定式短语，作a good place的后置定语 18. She’s leaving for Hong Kong on Tuesday . → leave A for B 离开A地去B地 19. I want to ask you about places to visit China . to visit China是动词不定式短语，作places的后置定语 20. I’m planning my vacation to Italy this weekend . to Italy是动词不定式短语，作my vacation的后置定语 21. What should tourists take with them ? with them是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词take的作用 22. Where are you leaving from ? leave from 离开某地（注：from是介词） Unit Four 1. How do you get to school ? 疑问词how 在这里是对方式进行提问 I ride my bike / walk / take the subway . By bike / bicycle / bus / train / subway / taxi / air / plane / ship / boat . On foot . How do I get there ? 因there是副词,所以不能说get to there Don’t worry . Let me look at your map . Ok , first … , next … . Then … . 2. How long does it take ? 疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问 It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus . How long does t take you to get from home to school ? It takes twenty-five minutes . → take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人……时间做某事 3. Lin Fei’s home is about Kilometers from school . 4. How far is it from your home to school ? It’s three miles . How far do you live from school ? I live 10 miles from school . 疑问词how far在这里是对距离进行提问 5. In other parts of the world , things are different . 6. In China , it depends on where you are . → depend on 视……而定；决定于 7. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus . 8. In North America , not all students take the bus to school . not all是部分否定，意思是并不是所有的；不是全部的 9. Other parts of the world are different from the United States . 10. A small number of students take the subway . → a number of = many 许多 11. What do you think of the transportation in your town ? → think of 对……有某种看法 12. When it rains I take a taxi . 13. I have a map but in Chinese . 14. If you have a problem , you can ask a policeman . Unit Five 1. Can you come to my party ? Sure , I’d love(like) to . / I’m sorry , I can’t . I have to help my parents . Can you play tennis with me ? 情态动词can在这里起征求对方意见的作用。 2. I have too much homework this weekend . too much后跟不可数名词；too many后跟可数名词复数 3. That’s too bad . 4. Maybe another time . 5. Thanks for asking . for介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词 6. Come and have fun . / Come and join us . 7. On Wednesday , I’m playing tennis with the school team . 8. I have to study for my science test on Thursday . have to强调客观原因；而must强调主观原因 9. Please keep quiet ! I’m trying to study . → try to do sth. 表示“ 尽力做某事 ” , 不包含是否成功的意思 10. Do you want to come to my birthday party ? → want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事” 11. Li Lei is going fishing with grandpa the whole day . the whole day = all day 整天 12. Can you come over to my house ? 13. I’m free till 22:00 . Unit Six 1. I’m more outgoing than my sister . → 主语 + 动词 + 形容词比较级别 + than + 比较对象 2. As you can see , in some ways we look the same , and in some ways we look different . 3. However , we both enjoy going to parties . → enjoy doing sth. = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 4. Liu Li has more than one sister . more than 不止 5. Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common . → in common （团体）共同的；公有的 6. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister . as …as 和……一样 （其中as…as之间的形容词必须用原级）；它的否定式是：not as(so) … as 7. Liu Ying talks more than Liu Li . 这里more是much的比较级，而不是many的比较级 8. Both girls go to lots of parties . lots of = a lot of 许多 9. My friend is the same as me . → be the same as … 与……一样 / be different from …与……不同 10. I think a good friend makes me laugh . → make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 11. For me , a good friend likes to do the same things as me . → like to do sth. 12. That’s not very important for me …. 13. What’s your opinion ? 14. Should friends be different or the same ? same前常有定冠词the 15. I like to have friends who are like me . / I like to have friends who are different from me . → like to do sth.中的like 是动词,意思是“ 喜欢 ”；而are like me 中的like 是介词，意思是“ 像 ”。要注意区别like的词性。 16. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class . 17. We both like doing the same things . → like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 18. Who do you think should get the job , Ruth or Rose ? 19. You must be good with children / enjoy telling jokes . → be good with sb. 对某人好；与某人相处融洽 / enjoy doing = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 20. He can’t stop talking . → stop doing sth. 意为“ 停止（正在）做的事情” ，doing在句中是stop的宾语。如：When the teacher came in , the students stopped talking and laugh . 老师走了进来，学生们停止了谈笑。 / stop to do sth. 意为“ 停下（正在做的事）去做某事” ，动词不定式短语to do sth.在句中作动词 stop 的目的状语。 如：He stopped to write a letter to her . 他停下手边的工作，给她写信。 21. He always helps others . 22. She likes to stay at home and read . → like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 / stay at home 呆在家里 Review of units 1-6 1. You use milk to make cheese and you can drink it , too . 动词不定式短语to make cheese在这里作目的状语，修饰use milk 2. A part of your body beginning with “ a ” . → begin with 以……开始 （注意：with是介词） 3. The opposite of short is long or tall . 4. The neck is between your head and your body . → between … and 在……和……之间 5. Carrots , onions and peppers are all vegetables . → all用于三者或三者以上；both用于两者。同时要注意它们在句中的位置，即位于连系动词（be），助动词（be , will , shall , should 等），情态动词（can , may , must , have to等）的后面；其它动词的前面。 6. I like reading books in my free time . like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 / in one’s free time 在空余时间 7. I feel terrible , doctor . 在这里feel是连系动词，terrible是形容词作表语，feel terrible是系表结构作复合谓语 8. I usually relax in my swimming pool . 9. I’m very excited to be taking a vacation around China ! → be excited to do sth. 做某事很激动 10. Who is more athletic , Gao Yan or Li Tong ?