英语高考全国卷一

高考全国卷是教育部为未能自主命题的省份命题的高考试卷。分为新课标Ⅰ卷和新课标Ⅱ卷。主要区别：新课标Ⅰ卷的难度稍比新课标Ⅱ卷难度大些。一、使用省份范围不同：（1）Ⅰ卷目前使用省份：河南、河北 、山西 、陕西（语文及综合）、湖北（综合）、江西（综合）、湖南（综合）、江西（语文 数学 英语）、山东（英语）（2）Ⅱ卷目前使用省份：贵州 、甘肃 、广西 、青海、 西藏、 黑龙江、 吉林 、宁夏 、内蒙古 、新疆 、云南、 辽宁（综合）、海南（语文 数学 英语）、辽宁 （语文 数学 英语）、重庆、四川（语文 文综）二、考试难度： 全国一和全国二是分不同地区考的，偏西的地区 和东的地区 ，分别用不同卷子 这两份卷子必然不能一样。全国高考的试卷分为全国卷和各省市的单独命题试卷，因为我们国家大，地区之间的教育水平也存在着差别，再加上正在有一些课程改革实验区。所以，现在全国高考的试卷较多，就全国卷来说，最多时2005年出过四套卷，2006年出了三套卷，2007年出了两套卷，全国卷侧重不同的地区，试卷一适用在我国东部和中部的部分省份；试卷二适用在我国西部的部分省份。两套卷的难度基本差不多，总体算二卷的难度略低于一卷的难度。三、个别科目的难度：语文，全国卷一和全国卷二，的难度基本没有区别。数学，二者全国卷一和全国卷二的客观题都是属于送分题，虽然题目不同但是难度大致相等。英语，二者区别很明显，从听力的难度就可以看出来，全国卷一比较难。理综，全国卷一的物理是十分难的，一般考生也只能答到70分左右，想要及格答到72都不容易，但是全国卷二则可以轻松的答题。

2021全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解试题文本第一段：Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.原文节选第一段对照：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.1. 本段关键信息词汇：changed, popularization, original, misunderstand, makeup, far beyond, skill-based，but,a. Popularization: 为大众所普遍接受的（对普通公众有吸引力的行为、或者现象）b.makeup: 取含义 （N-UNCOUNT 天性;性格）Some-one's make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.There was some fatal flaw in his makeup, and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.他的性格有致命的缺陷，随着时间的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者变得漠然。2. 黑体词部分从语篇思维角度可能会是影响阅读理解的关键词，也可能是命题题点所需要支持的信息词。32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.本题题干提问信息词汇：misunderstanding。相对应上面2提到的阅读以及命题关键词：misunderstood。本题的四个选项对这一部分进行了paraphrase，干扰项把原文信息进行了相反的paraphrase，正确项貌似对信息almost everything desirable 进行了paraphrase：It refers to a person’s positive qualities.但事实上，desirable 和positive 是两个具有不同性质的修饰类形容词。两者严谨来讲不能同指同一事物。此处，答案选择D。文本第一段命题人修改了两个信息词distorted—changed；equate—misunderstood。这两对词汇的替换是否恰当，供读者们探讨。本观点认为有欠妥当，因为欠妥当，引起32题的设计结合原文让人感觉不地道。Distort相似与misunderstood，而equate和misunderstood基本很难语义相关。考试文本第二段：We  prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.1.标色部分为“第二段”的试题文本和原文改动词汇对比。试题文本被认为在此处划分了另一段落。是否符合语篇写作形式逻辑，需要从写作技巧上进行具体分析。2.事实上，define无需改为describe。Prosocial or antisocial purposes改为good or bad purposes已经改变了，原作者的写作意图，两者含义区别很大，会给读者造成一定的思维干扰。perceive,understand,know这样的替换还是可以的。therapist/doctor，gauge/find, client/ patient,whereas/while, con artist/cheater的替换也可以接受。Ethical 应该是课标词汇，无需修改。3.“The ability< to accurately understand how others are feeling >may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. ”这是一个复杂句子，the ability 指上文提到的emotional intelligence所代表的能力。The ability may be used by a doctor to find...whereas (此处还是觉得原词更好）表示“指定性转折对比”，医生可以用以对症治疗，骗子也可能拿来行骗。得出结论：有情商的人群可能是具有两面性的分类人群。33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.  B. To clarify a concept.C. To  present a fact.  D. To make a prediction.此题属于细节理解题。理解了原文信息就可以读懂题干。但是选项信息区别性不是太大，命题人从主观角度给出D为标准答案。比较起来，D为最佳。AC并没有原则上的非正确性的信息支持。考试文本第三段：Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect  of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.  原文对照：Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social welfare.1. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.虽然关于情商的流行（大众化）观点远远超出了研究所能提供的合理支持（论证），但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。a.run far ahead of :远远跑在前面。此处语境指“远远超过”。b.publicity n.(媒体的)关注，宣传，报道;宣传业;广告宣传工作;传播工作2. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social welfare.这种普及(媒体宣传形成的人们的普遍认知）最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他关心促进社会福利的人对情感的一种新的和急需的强化。试题文本第四段：The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.原文对照：The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life.此处research psychology/researchers,humans/people的替换意义不是很大，原文词汇更加贴切达意。1.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped boththe public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.情商的普及帮助公众和研究者重新评估情感的功能以及它们如何在日常生活中适应性地为人们服务。34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.询问作者情感态度的试题一般可以通过文章信息获得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的态度是肯定的。试题文本第五段：Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.1. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.虽然情绪智力的持续流行的吸引力是可取的，我们希望这种关注将激发对情绪的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。2. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将提供新的视角以此来研究人们如何管理（引领）自己的生活。此处，原文当中的navigate要比修改后的manage更能表达意义。3.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.情商，以其对头脑和心灵的关注，可能会为我们指明正确的方向。原文对照：Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.此题的命题点属于对段落大意进行概括，关联关键词“hope,will，may”, 链接答案中的expectations。D项的语言表述是有问题的。B项可以改为：Expectations for future studies on it. C项可以改为：The practical application on it.总结：本文是节选。文章基本表意完整。选取这一部分视角和普通关于情商的认知有一定的差异性。也正是这种认知差异性使得本文通过英语传达的思想略有难度。文本有一些复杂句，但整体句式整齐，没有偏怪句式，不会产生明显的句式语言障碍。当然，也会对学生的基本语法习得情况有一定的区分度。试题命制中规中矩。试题文本被命题人划分为5段，从文法角度是否严谨科学有待考证。建议语篇分析此文时酌情科学进行。试卷试题：We  prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect  of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.  The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.原文链接： Wechat Official Account: FreedomWriter 节选原文：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social welfare. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction

一卷和二卷的区别在于 一卷总体来看比二卷难，但是现在已经不叫一卷二卷，分甲乙丙，甲是二，乙是一，丙是三。毕竟考卷的地区不一样，所以难度会有一定梯度 。所以二卷是比一卷简单，不过很多人对于三卷有疑问 。从全国卷使用地区看，使用卷一的地区高考竞争压力较大，使用卷二的地区高考竞争压力较小，全国卷一主要适用我国东部和中部教育较发达省份，全国卷二主要适用西部教育较落后的部分省份；从全国卷难易程度看，整体难度全国卷一＞全国卷二；个别科目难度：①语文：卷一=卷二；②数学：卷一卷二的客观题都是送分题，难度相当；③英语：区别明显，卷一难度＞卷二；④理综：卷一物理较难。首先就是用卷的地区不同，全国卷二2018年使用省区为甘肃、青海、西藏、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、宁夏、新疆、内蒙古、陕西、重庆、海南（语文、数学、英语）。全国卷一2018年使用省区为安徽、湖北、福建、湖南、山西、河北、江西、广东、河南、山东，几乎还是那几个老省份。但是，相对于前几年来说已经有很大程度上的提高了，教育也在逐渐公平化。

For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking. 对于纽约州帕科格的迦南小学二年级学生来说，今天是演讲日，现在轮到克里斯·帕莱兹了。这个8岁的孩子是班上最爱开玩笑的人。他有一双明亮的黑眼睛，看起来像个喜欢在公众面前演讲的孩子。 But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. 但他很紧张。“我今天来告诉你为什么你应该……应该……”克里斯的演讲卡在“-ld”上，这个发音对于许多非英语母语人士来说比较困难。他的老师托马斯·惠利就在他旁边，轻声鼓励，“……投票给……我……”。除了一些失误，克里斯表现非常好。当他完美地结束演讲时，惠利邀请全班同学表扬他。 A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. 克里斯是移民的儿子，三年多前开始学英语。惠利回忆道那年年初，克里斯被要求朗读时，他总是找借口上厕所。 Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’” 把英语作为第二语言学习可能是一种痛苦的经历，你需要的是一个让你犯错的好老师。”“对于任何一个学生来说，”惠利解释说，“尤其是对于一个将英语作为新语言学习的学生来说，要有足够的信心说‘我不知道，但我想知道。’” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves. 有一天他问孩子们，如果认为自己永远不可能成为总统的话就举手，答案让他心碎。惠利想起了二年级的总统竞选项目，这个项目不仅仅是学习在公共场合阅读和演讲，他还想让这些孩子学会表扬自己。 “Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” “表扬自己，表扬自己最好的品质，”惠利说，“对于一个走进教室却没有自信的孩子来说是非常困难的。”