苗族服饰英文介绍

苗族妇女上身一般穿窄袖、大领、对襟短衣，下身穿百褶裙。衣裙或长可抵足，飘逸多姿， 或短不 及膝，婀娜动人。便装时则多在头上包头帕，上身大襟短衣，下身长裤，镶绣花边，系一幅绣花围腰，再加少许精致银饰衬托。女子服饰式样最多，有130余种，仅贵州就有101种。在贵州、云南、川南、广西、海南岛等地，穿百褶裙，但长短不一，以黔东南差别最大，有的到脚面，有的超过小腿肚，有的过膝，有的仅30厘米左右，但以裙到小腿肚最为普遍。颜色为青、蓝、白，裙面有绣花、挑花、镶花，也有蜡染或素净的。上衣有大襟的，也有大领的。在湘西、黔东北、鄂西等地，在清乾、嘉时期，因民族暴动失败后，被迫改装，穿长裤、大襟右任上衣，农边、袖口、裤脚都镶花边。在接龙时才穿裙子，平时不穿裙。每逢节日妇女们走亲访友，头部、颈部、手腕都佩戴样式繁多的银饰。推荐答案 2011-3-16 21:23 黔东南苗族服饰不下200种，是我国和世界上苗族服饰品种最多、保留最好的区域，被称为"苗族服饰博物馆"。苗族服饰从总体来看，坚持着中公民间的织、绣、挑、染的传统工艺技法，往往在应用一种主要的工艺手段的同时，交叉应用其余的工艺伎俩，或者挑中带绣，或者染中带绣，或者织绣联合，从而使这些服饰图案花团锦簇，溢彩流光，显示出赫然的民族艺术特色。从内容上看，服饰图案大多取材于日常生活中各种活生生的物象，有表意和辨认族类、支系及语言的主要作用，这些形象记载被专家学者称为"穿在身上的史诗"。从造型上 看，采取中国传统的线描式或近乎线描式的、以单线为纹样轮廓的造型手法。从制作技能看，服饰发展史上的五种形制，即编制型、织制型、缝制型、拼合型和剪裁型，在黔东南苗族服饰中均有典范，历史层级关联清楚，堪称服饰制作史摆设馆。从用色上看，她们擅长选用多种强烈的对照颜色，尽力寻求色彩的浓烈和厚重的明丽感，普通均为红、黑、白、黄、蓝五种。从构图上看，它并不强调凸起主题，只重视适应服装的整体感的请求。从情势上看，分为盛装和便装。盛装，为节日礼宾和婚嫁时穿戴的服装，繁复富丽，集中体现苗族服饰的艺术程度。便装，款式比盛装样式素静、简练，用料少，费工少，供日常衣着之用。除艳服与便装之分内，苗族服饰还有年纪和地区差别。 苗族以农业为主,以狩猎为辅。距今6 千多年前，便已理解了"饭菜过煮，得肉便烧"的饮食方式。因为地区广大，天然前提不同，饮食习惯也有差异。苗民多以大米为主食，玉米、红薯、小麦等为辅，杂以养麦、大麦、燕麦、高粱等。嗜酸辣咸．好烟酒茶。豢养家禽牲畜，种植各种蔬菜。 苗家饮食奇特的民族风气是喜食酸味，以酸汤最为知名。酸味食品主要有酸汤、酸菜、腌酸鱼、牛肉酸、猪肉酸、酸辣子、酸萝卜、青菜酸、豆类酸等。 苗族吃酸菜的历史悠长，跟他们深居深谷，缺乏食盐有关，平时很难买到蔬菜跟肉类，所以每家都备有酸坛，用以腌制各种酸味食品。在制造酸味食物上，苗家人有整套工艺和吃法,成语。苗族简直家家都有腌制食品的坛子，统称酸坛。 苗族栖身的很多地区素有"鱼米之乡"的美誉，自古不少民族就以善种水稻着称，稻米是其主食。他们除了个别的蒸煮之外，还有许多不同的制作方法,如香竹饭、饵块、米线、米干、棕子、粑粑、炒米，等等。 苗族喜食野菜，如蕨菜、鱼腥草、马蹄菜、刺花菜、铁道木花、刺五加、水香菜、青苔等，多洗净凉拌吃。这些野菜有的既是菜也是药，食之苦涩，但却清凉、爽口、甘甜具备清热、解毒、消炎、消暑、化食等作用 最为独特的风味食品，莫过于吃竹蛆、蜂蛹、黄蚂蚁蛋、花蜘蛛、牛屎虫蛋、沙蛆等,不停的循环往复…… - 博文预览。黄蚂蚁成长在树上，身上约两厘米，腰细腹大，嘴巴里有两颗大牙，多在阔叶处做巢生息、滋生。 苗族的烹饪办法较多，最常见的有煮、炖、蒸、炸、醮、烤、烧、烘、舂、生食、腌、炒等，其中又以烧、烤、舂、醮、生食、腌为特点。 烧，即将食物放入火中烧；烤，行将食品用竹、木棍串起，抹上佐料，在火上烘烤；舂，即把肉先切成小块，放在木炭上烘烤熟或在火里烧熟，再回上韭菜、薄荷 、生姜、盐、蒜等佐料。 苗家还擅于制做豆豉、豆腐、灌肠、面酱等。好吃火锅，每有佳品，必架起小锅，进蔬菜、肉、豆腐等，边涮边蘸辣椒盐水吃。 日常饮料以油茶最为广泛。把玉米、黄豆、蚕豆、红薯片、麦粉团、芝麻、糯米分辨炒熟，用茶油炸一下，寄存起来。客人到来，将各种炸品及盐、蒜、胡椒粉放入碗中，用沸茶水冲开。客人必需连喝4 碗。 喝茶时，假如客人不想喝了，就把一根筷子架在碗上即可，否则主人会始终请你喝下去。湘西苗族还特制有一种万花茶。用冬瓜、桔子、南瓜一类的瓜果雕成花、鸟、禽、鱼等外形，经由数道工序制成香、脆、甜的食物。饮用时，取多少块放入杯中，冲入沸水。酸汤也是常见的饮料。 待客时，男女客人离开吃。长者先开杯，佳肴必先敬客。吃鸡时，鸡翅敬客人，鸡头归长者，鸡爪归小孩吃。一家之客也是全寨之客，各家争相宴请。用牛角盛酒敬客，是盛大的待客方法。碰到过苗年一类的隆重节日，主寨方家家户户都做迎客筹备，将酒放到芦笙场或铜鼓坪上，把客人拥到寨里，由两人举牛角劝饮，鼓乐齐鸣，客人要一饮而尽。 苗族人普遍爱好饮酒，常以酒解除疲劳，以酒示敬，以酒传情，饮酒为乐。苗家的酒主要有白酒、甜酒、刺梨酒、泡酒等。白酒即土酒，苗家人常饮，以大米、糯米、玉米、高粱等为原料酿制。泡酒则是在甜酒的基本上掺入适量净水或冷开水即可饮。刺梨酒是用蒸熟的刺梨干掺和适量的米饭，参加自制的酒曲拌匀后，入缸密封。半月后酒化，再用木甑蒸馏，可分离得到20度、30度和50度的刺梨酒。以糯米和刺梨酿制的刺梨酒为最佳，存在消食助气的功能。 "无酒不成礼"已是他们遵照的礼节，酒是待客议事、婚丧嫁娶、起房建屋、逢年过节的必备品。在长期的历史发展和生涯实际中，苗族国民构成了独具特色的酒文明。 苗家喝酒，多因时光、地点和对象的不同而有不同的称说，如"拦路酒"、"进门酒"、"嫁别酒"、"迎客酒"、"送客酒"、"双杯酒"、"交杯酒"、"半路酒"、"转转酒"、"贺儿酒"、"平伙酒"、"酬劳酒"、"慰劳酒"、"鸡血酒"、"陪葬酒"等等。苗族人还极为讲求待客的饮酒礼仪，如主人向客人敬酒要敬两杯，谓"两条腿走路"，敬酒者双手端杯，按正、反方向敬两周，敬到最后一人时，双方交杯对饮；又如以牛角杯敬酒，客人如不喝完，则"杯"倒酒淌，使人不能不喝

苗族服饰的衣料以自织自染的棉为主，丝绸、麻布较少。不仅有性别、年龄的区别，而且有盛装、中装与平装之分，更有地区性的差别，特别是妇女服饰，极为绚丽多姿，多达100多种。过去，有的著述根据苗族妇女服饰、头饰将苗族划分为白苗、红苗、花苗、大花苗、青苗、长裙苗、短裙苗、歪梳苗等等，这种划分方法，显然是不科学的，但从一个侧面反映了苗族服饰因年代、地区、支系等不同而表现出丰富的多样性。� 近代，苗族的基本服装是：男子穿短衣裤或大襟长衫。青年是对襟或大襟上衣，大裆裤。节庆时穿无领无袖、前开襟的绣大花彩色“百鸟衣”或白色长衫。有的长衫是长袖，对襟无扣，下垂许多长方形宽带，绣满花纹图案。有的还穿彩色、满是花纹图案的披肩。老人穿青色的长衫。苗族男子头上多用长布包头。小腿上扎绑腿。

苗族龙凤鞋为手工制作，鞋底以粗麻线纳成的千层底；鞋面为紫色绸布，两侧用各色丝线对称绣有龙凤图案两对，并以白线勾勒外廓，缀有亮片；鞋口沿以苗绣装饰。整双鞋图案极为抽象，装饰华美，是苗绣中的代表作。通常为苗族妇女在结婚时穿用，表达对今后美好生活的祝愿。 苗族绣花鞋 苗族主要分布在贵州、湖南、云南、广西等省区，是一个人口众多、支系复杂的南方少数民族。苗族刺绣远近闻名，苗族妇女孩提时代就开始跟母亲、姐姐或同龄人学习刺绣技艺，因此“苗绣”是少数民族刺绣工艺中的上乘之作。苗族的服饰也多以刺绣制成，或以绣片为装饰。苗族人民平时一般穿麻凉鞋、草鞋、绣花布鞋、大鱼棉鞋、船底鞋、钉子鞋（下雪时穿）等。这双绣花鞋是苗族女鞋代表作，用布和缎子制作，为双梁，上面多饰用花卉、禽鸟等图案，是苗族妇女审美追求和情趣的生动表现。应该是这个吧，别忘了给分哦。望回复

英文Miao women traditional dress 苗族女传统服饰

苗族是我国最古老的民族之一，人口众多，分布辽阔，湘西苗族属其中之一部。在长期的历史发展过程中，苗族在服饰、节庆、婚嫁、丧葬、娱乐、礼节、禁忌、饮食等方面，形成自己独特的风俗习惯。 一、服 饰 湘西苗族的古代服饰，男女差别很小，一律是“色彩斑澜”；上身穿花衣，下着百褶裙，头蓄长发，包赭色花帕，脚着船形花鞋，佩以各种银饰。 清代雍正年间“改土归流”，政府指令“服饰宜分男女”之后，变化较大，甚至有很多人全换上汉人服装。如今天的永顺、龙山等县的苗族，其服饰与汉族已无分别。但在花垣、保靖、凤凰、吉首、古丈、泸溪等县境内，苗族的服饰尚有特色。 苗族男子的衣饰较为简单；头缠布帕，身穿对襟衣，衣袖长而小，裤简短而大，喜包青色裹脚。头帕有青帕和花帕两种，帕长一丈以上，有多至三丈的。缠戴时多成斜十字形，大如斗笠，衣服的颜色有花格、全青、全蓝等，其中以花格布衣最有特色。衣扣一般为七颗。有的青年男子，为使人欣羡自己的富有和豪爽，穿衣多到七件。最外层的衣服只扣最下边的一对纽扣，第二层衣服扣下面两对纽扣……以此类推，一直到扣完最里层的七对纽扣为止。这样，层层新衣全能由外看出，别有一种情趣。 与苗族男子的简单衣着相反，苗族妇女的服饰十分精美复杂。 头帕：苗族妇女的头帕，因地而异。凤凰县境内的苗族妇女多加包短帕一珙，长三尺多，由额头包至脑后，连耳朵都包在内面。花垣等县境内的苗族妇女喜用黑帕(父母去世者戴白帕)，折叠整齐，包得平平正正，不偏不斜，末挽一道，恰齐额眉。吉首县境内的苗族妇女头帕较杂，与凤凰县相接的地区包花帕，与花垣县相邻的地区包黑帕。泸溪、古丈和吉首东部地区的苗族妇女则包白色头帕。帕上绣有四对青色花蝶，朴素美观，独具风韵。所谓“头上帕子四个角，四个角上绣飞蛾”，说的就是这种白帕。 首饰：苗族妇女的首饰，造型精美，种类繁多。以制作的原材料分，有金饰、银饰、铜饰、铝饰、玉饰等，而以银饰最为普遍。从佩戴的部位分：有银帽、银盆、凤冠、苏山耳环、项圈、手镯、戒指、牙签、扣绊等，而以手镯和戒指必须常戴。从造型上分，仅耳环一项，就有瓜子吊耳环、石榴耳环、梅花针耳环、圈圈耳环、龙头耳环、梅花吊瓜子耳环、耙粑耳环、龙头瓜子吊耳环等等。 衣裤及其他：苗族妇女的衣服，过腰大而长，衣袖大而短，没有衣领。袖口之大，约在一尺以上。胸前及袖口，习惯要滚边、绣花或缕纱，并要加上栏杆花瓣于其问。有的还需在开岔和放摆前后两面的边缘刺绣挖云钩。衣服式样一律是满襟，无对襟式。制作一套苗族妇女的衣裤，缝工、绣工精致的，需工日数十。裤子较短，裤脚较大。裤筒边缘的滚边、绣花或数纱与衣服相同。礼裙长而宽，下脚沿边满绣花纹，并滚栏杆及大小花瓣，五光十色，焯耀眩目。鞋子满绣花，头尖口大，后跟上耳，以便穿着。 解放后，在一些苗汉杂居地区，苗族服饰受汉族的影响较大，一些青年已改着汉装。 二、节庆 湘西苗族的节庆较多，活动规模大。其中最富有代表性的有： 1．赶年场。农历正月，湘西苗族人民最热心的是赶年场，其日期由各地自行约定。赶年场．那天，男男女女，老老少少，身着节日盛装，互相邀约，成群结队去赶场。年场上，人流如潮，熙熙攘攘，异常热闹。人们不但可以进行物资交流，还可以参加或观看打秋千、舞狮子、玩龙灯、上刀梯等活动，青年男女也多利用这种机会，物色情侣，谈情说爱。歌郎歌娘更是大显身手，三五结伴，说古道今，引吭高歌，互相唱和，或盘根，或祝贺，或叙述传统故事，或即兴演唱新词。唱的人愈唱兴致愈高，听的人愈听精神愈振。即使大雪纷飞，天寒地冻，年场也要如期举行。 2．三月三。这是湘西苗族的传统歌舞节。这一天，苗族人民自动集中到约定的歌场上，参加对歌、听歌、跳舞、观舞，尽情欢乐。 3．赶清明。这是湘西苗族特有的大型歌节，又称“清明歌会”。相传，因苗族多散居在偏僻的崇山峻岭之中，一切日常用品都必须到比较远的汉区赶场交换，常常受骗上当。所以，苗族人民便相约以清明节这一天作为自己的场期，互相交换物资，同时会见亲友。这样．久而久之，便形成了今天的“清明歌会”了。 清明歌会均有传统的中心会场。吉首市东部的苗族人民赶清明，其中心会场每年都在丹青的清明场上。到时，苗族歌手以手托腮，引吭高歌，你唱我和，喜气洋洋。有的唱到夜幕降临仍不肯散会，一直唱到通宵达旦。 4．看龙场。每年从农历三月谷雨那一天算起，逢辰便是看龙El，习惯称做看头龙后十二天又轮转到辰日，再逢看龙之日，男女老少，均休息一天，踊跃参加。若在这天干了农活，就属于犯忌。因此，苗族人民对于“看龙”的事，非常重视。Miao people in China, one of the oldest large population, the distribution of the vast, western Hunan Miao belong to one of the 1. In the long course of historical development, the Hmong in the costumes, festivals, marriage, funeral, entertainment, etiquette, taboos, diet, etc., forming its own unique customs.First, the ancient costumes Hunan Miao costumes, little difference between men and women, all the "color Ban Lan"; on wearing a Pied Piper, the next with pleated skirts, head and long hair, bags ocher flowers Pa, feet with boat-shaped Hua Xie, wear to a variety of silver. The Qing Dynasty Yongzheng, "the Qing Dynasty flow", the Government directive, "men and women should dress", the changed greatly, and even a lot of people are all put on Chinese clothes. Like today's Yongshun, Longshan counties Miao, their clothes were no longer with the Han. However, in Huayuan, Baojing, Phoenix, Jishou, Guzhang, luxi and other County, there are characteristics of Miao costumes. Hmong man's clothing is more simple; Touchan Bouphavanh, wearing Duijin clothing,Long sleeves and small, short pants and large, I am pleased bag blue bound feet. There are green and flowers Toupa Pago Pago are two types of long-Yi Zhang and above par, as many as thirty feet of the. When wrapped around wearing a cross over into the ramp, as big as rain hats, clothing and the color grille, all green, all blue, etc., of which the most characteristic flower cloth clothing. Generally buttoned 7. Some young men, in order to make people envy their wealth and generous dressing over the seven reports. Outermost layer of clothing is only deducted the bottom of a pair of buttons, the second layer of clothes, two pairs of button button below ... ... and so on, until the buckle end of the most inner layer of the seven pairs of buttons so far. In this way, layers of clothes Almighty be seen from the outside, do notThere is a delight. Hmong man with a simple dress the contrary, the Hmong women's costumes are very beautiful complex. Toupa: Hmong women Toupa, vary. Fenghuang County in the Miao women in more packages a short par-kung, more than three feet long, from the forehead to the back of the head package, and even the ears are included in package surface. Huayuan County, such as the Hmong women like to use a black-Pa (parents deceased person wearing a white Pa), folded neatly, packet too flat precisely, impartial ramp to pull an end, exactly the amount of Qi Mei. Jishou County of Miao women Toupa more mixed, with connecting regional package flower Fenghuang County Pa, and Huayuan County in areas adjacent to black-Pa. Lu River, the eastern region Guzhang and Jishou MiaoWomen are packets of white Toupa. Pa embroidered with four pairs of blue admiral, simple beauty, unique charm. The so-called "head Pazi four corners, four corners of embroidered moths" that is such a white-Pa. Jewelry: Hmong women's jewelry, fine shape and variety. Of raw materials to produce points, there are gold, silver, copper ornaments, aluminum ornaments, jade jewelry and substituting silver is most common. From the worn parts of sub-: There are silver cap, Yin Pen, phoenix coronet, Su Shan earrings, necklace, bracelets, rings, toothpick, button trip, etc.And in order to wear bracelets and rings to be regular. From the shape on the points, only one earring, there are seeds hanging earrings, garnet earrings, plum blossom needle earrings, circle earrings, leading earrings, plum seeds hanging earrings, rake DCB earrings, leading seeds hanging earrings and so on. Underwear and others: Hmong women's clothes, too large waist long, large and short sleeves, no collar. Cuff so great about a foot or more. Chest and sleeves, it is customary to the sewing machine, embroidery yarn or strand, and would like to add the railings on its petals asked. Some need to put in open fork and put the edge of embroidery around the sides dug cloud hook. Clothing styles are invariably full breasted, no Duijin style. The production of a Hmong women's underwear, sewing work, Exquisite embroidery work is required tens of man-days. Short pants, trousers larger. Kutong the edge of the sewing machine, embroidery, or the same as the number of yarn and clothing. Li long skirt wide, offal over embroidered pattern along the border, and roll bars and the size of petals, colorful, Cheuk Yiu blinding. Shoes full of embroidery, head and sharp mouth, the latter to keep up with our ears, in order to wear. After the liberation, in some mixed areas Miao Han, Miao costumes influenced by the Han people, some young people have changed the Han loaded.Second, more festive western Hunan Miao festival, activities, a large scale. One of the most highly represented are: 1. Driving out the Year field. The first lunar month, western Hunan Miao people are most enthusiastic about is driving out the Year field, a date agreed upon from all over themselves. Driving out the Year field. On that day, men and women, young and old, dressed in festive costumes, mutual invitations in droves to ganchang. Years of field, the flow waves, bustling, extremely heated. It can not only exchange of goods and materials, but also can take part in or watch a swing, dancing lions, playing the dragon, the Daoti and other activities were also many young men and women take advantage of this opportunity to find lovers, romance. Lang Song Song's mother is even more flourish, 35 together,Said the trail today and sang along with each other joined in the chorus, or packing, or congratulations, or a traditional narrative story, or an impromptu singing new words. The more people who sing to sing the higher spirits, listening to people who listen to the spirit of the more more vibration. Even if the snow, cold, annual field should be held as scheduled. 2. March 3. This is a western Hunan Miao's traditional song and dance festival. On this day, the Miao people's songs automatically centralized court agreed to participate in singing in antiphonal style, songs, dancing, watching the dance, play fun. 3. Catch Qingming. This is a unique large-scale western Hunan Miao Song Festival, also known as "Ching Ming song will be." According to legend, because many Hmong scattered in the remote mountains, and all daily necessities have to be to the more distant areas of the HanGanchang exchange, are often fooled. Therefore, the Miao people can Meet with the Ching Ming Festival this day as their field period, the exchange of goods, while meeting with friends and relatives. Way. Over time, these will become today's "clear and bright song will be" the. Qingming song will have a traditional center of the venue. Jishou drive east of the Miao people, clear and bright, its central hall of the Ching Ming Festival every year in beautiful field. By then, Miao singer Tuosai hand, sang along, you sing to me and ahead. Some sing nightfall refused to closing, has been sung through the night. 4. Look at Long Field. Each year from the day of Lunar New Year in March GuyuThe date, Feng-Chen is to see Long El, used after the 12 days called the spectacle of Long-chen day to rotate again, and then look at the Dragon every day, young and old, have a rest day, to take part. If, in this Heavenly Stems of the farm, they are taboo. Therefore, the Miao people, to "see dragon" thing very seriously.