测绘专业英语pdf

Techniques of layout: In construction layout measurement, the data necessary to establish the direction and distance from a control point to locate a construction point can be entered into the instrument via the keyboard or directly from an office computer. Then the surveyor guides the person holding the prism along the line of computed direction until the distance to the point to accomplish this goal. A very popular technique called free station permits the surveyor to set up the total station at any convenient position and then to determine the coordinates and elevation of that instrument position by sighting previously coordinated reference stations. After the instrument has been set up over this instrument position (a control point) and properly oriented, angles or azimuths from the control point and distances to each layout point may be indicated. Now many total stations have such functions that the coordinates and elevations of the layout point may be uploaded into the total station, the instrument’s display shows the left/right, forward/back, and up/down movements needed to place the prism in each of the desired positions.As-built surveys: When the construction surveying has been completed, a final survey is performed. The final survey includes cross sections and locations that are used for final payments to the contractor and for the completion of an as-built drawing. These are the as-built surveys and they are used to check the contractor’s work and show locations of structures and their components (water line, sewer, etc.), which will be needed for future maintenance, changes, and new construction.技术的规划:在施工布置测量、必要的资料建立的方向和距离从一个控制点定位建设重点可以进入到仪器通过键盘输入或直接从办公室的电脑。然后测量员引导的人持有棱镜沿着这条线的方向,直到这个距离计算点,来完成这个目标。一个很受欢迎的技术被称为自由站允许测量建立了全站仪在任何方便的情况,然后再决定坐标及标高器械的位置以前协调参考站观光。当仪表已超过该仪器的位置(一个控制点)和适当的导向、角或azimuths从控制点和点的距离,可能表示每一个布局。现在许多总广播站等功能,坐标点和海拔的布局可以上传全站仪的仪器、仪表的显示器显示向左/右拐,向前/回来,及上下运动需要把棱镜在每一个理想的位置。竣工调查:当施工测量已经完成,最后进行了调查。最后的调查和地点包括断面所使用的最后付款给承包商和完成一个竣工图。这是调查和他们一旦用来检查承包商的工作和显示的位置及其组件结构(流水线,下水道,等),还需要今后的维护、变更和崭新的建筑。

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