用英文介绍太空人

宇航员，或称航天员，指以太空飞行为职业或进行过太空飞行的人。确定太空飞行的标准则没有完全统一。 在美国，以旅行高度超过海拔80公里（50英里）的人被称为宇航员（astronaut）。国际航空联合会（FAI）定义的宇宙飞行则需超过100公里。到2004年4月18日为止，按照美国的定义共计440人，在太空里度过了一共27,082个全体乘员天（crew-day，美国的定义），在太空中散步共享了98个全体乘员天。在国际航空联合会的定义下，只有434人符合资格。进入太空的宇航员来自至少32个国家。在香港及东南亚，航天员亦称太空人。Astronaut, or astronauts, refers to the space flight conducted for the occupation or the person space flight. Space flight set the standard is not complete reunification. In the United States, travel to an altitude of more than 80 kilometers (50 miles) of the astronauts were known as the (astronaut). International Astronautical Federation (FAI) definition of the universe would fly more than 100 km. To April 18, 2004, the United States in accordance with the definition of a total of 440 people, in space, spent the entire crew of a total of 27,082 days (crew-day, the definition of the United States), take a walk in space to share all of the 98 crew Days. In the definition of the International Astronautical Federation, only 434 were eligible. The astronauts into space from at least 32 countries. In Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, the astronauts also known as the Astros.

牛津高阶字典解释：英文：a person who is trained to travel in a spacecraft.中文：接受过专业训练的，乘坐宇航起执行宇航任务的专业人员。

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短一点:Darrell Armstrong was the one who first landed on the moon. He and his partner successfully completed the greatest travel in human history and returned to the Earth. He brought a lot of valuable data back to the Earth, which revealed the secrets of the moon. Even today, we can never forget his most famous words: That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind!

Astronaut An astronaut is a person who pilots a spacecraft or works in space, particularly in the space program of the United States. In Russia and the other former republics of the Soviet Union, such men and women are called cosmonauts. The cosmonaut program was a project of the Soviet Union until the country broke up in 1991. Russia then took over the program. China sent its first astronaut into space in 2003. Astronauts and cosmonauts operate spacecraft and space stations, launch and recapture satellites, and conduct scientific experiments. The word astronaut comes from Greek words that mean sailor among the stars. Cosmonaut means sailor of the universe. Astronauts in the Chinese space program are sometimes called taikonauts. Taikonaut comes from the Chinese words tai kong (outer space). Most U.S. astronauts work for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). They live and train at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston. NASA launches astronauts into space aboard space shuttles. NASA selects two kinds of astronauts for space flights: pilot astronauts and mission specialist astronauts. Pilot astronauts command and pilot shuttles. Most pilot astronauts are test pilots from the United States Air Force, Navy, or Marine Corps. They are paid according to their military rank. Mission specialists work with pilots to maintain spacecraft and the equipment aboard. They also conduct experiments and launch satellites. In addition, they perform spacewalks to work outside the spacecraft. Mission specialists may be engineers, scientists, or physicians who have extensive research experience. Those who are in the armed forces are paid according to their rank. The civilians receive salaries based on an equivalent rank in the civil service system. This system includes almost all the federal government's civilian employees who are appointed rather than elected. A third kind of astronaut is called a payload specialist. This kind of astronaut carries out scientific experiments involving the payload (cargo) on the spacecraft. Most payload specialists are scientists who work for the owner of the payload. They must be approved by NASA. The term astronaut also has a meaning that is not connected with NASA activities. In the 1960's, the United States Department of Defense awarded the rating of astronaut to military and civilian pilots who flew aircraft higher than 50 miles (80 kilometers). Seven test pilots received this rating for flights in the X-15 rocket plane. Flights of the X-15 ended in 1968. Cosmonauts train at the Yuri Gagarin Russian State Scientific-Research Test Center of Cosmonauts Training, in Starry Town, also known as Star City, near Moscow. They travel into space aboard vehicles called Soyuz. Unlike space shuttles, these vehicles are not reusable. Crews lift off from the Baykonur Cosmodrome, near the Aral Sea in south-central Kazakhstan. Landings take place in remote, flat areas of Kazakhstan. A Soyuz carries two or three highly specialized cosmonauts. The commander is almost always a military jet pilot, and the flight engineer is almost always a civilian. The flight engineer is usually a member of the staff of the design bureau responsible for the craft. On about half the Soyuz flights, a third cosmonaut, usually called the cosmonaut researcher, is aboard. This person can be a non-Russian "guest cosmonaut" or a Russian physician. Cosmonauts began making guest flights aboard space shuttles in 1994, and astronauts began visiting Russia's Mir space station in 1995. Both astronauts and cosmonauts helped build, and then worked aboard, the International Space Station. In the 1990's, China began developing a spacecraft designed to carry astronauts. The craft, called the Shenzhou, resembles the Soyuz and lifts off from Jiuquan Space Launch Center in northern China. Landings take place in remote areas of Inner Mongolia. This article discusses Astronaut (Achievements in space) (Accidents in space) (Selecting the astronauts) (A look at the astronauts) (Training the astronauts) (Astronauts on the ground) (The cosmonauts).