ZPD refers to "the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers" ( Vygotsky, 1978, p.86).
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最近发展区理论及其对二语习得研究的启示
The ZPD Theory and Its Implications for Second Language Acquisition Research
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最近发展区内的错误反馈对大学英语写作的影响
Effects of Corrective Feedback in ZPD on College English Writing