英语中宾语从句

宾语从句(The Object Clause)在复合句中作主句的宾语.宾语从句通常由下面一些词引导. 1、由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish ,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear ,feel等后.连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做任何成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好. 例：I told him that he was wrong. 2、 由wh-引导的宾语从句,连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分. 例：Do you know which film they are talking about?(which做定语) I don’t know where he lives.(where 做地点状语) 3、 由连词whether 或 if 引导（一般情况下两者可替换,口语中常用if）. 我们应注意的几个问题： 1、 宾语从句的语序.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 例：I believe that they will e soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us. 2、 宾语从句的时态 1）宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,主句用一般现在时,从句也用现在时态. 如：He says Mary is playing with the cat . He says Mary often plays with the cat. 2) 主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态.如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态. He said Mary was playing with the cat. He said he hoped to be back soon.. 3) 当从句所表示的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句都用一般现在时. 如：He said light travels much faster than sound. The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 3、 宾语从句中的否定转移.如果主句谓语动词是think ,believe suppose 等,而从句的意思是否定的,这时主句的谓语动词用否定式,从句用肯定式.如： I don’t think you are right.我认为你不对. 4、 将特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时,从句的语序要由疑问句变成陈述句的语序. When will the meeting begin?-------I want to know when the meeting will begin. 5、 将一般疑问句变成宾语从句时,则用if /whether连接,同时变成陈述句语序,同时注意人称的变化. Are you an English teacher -------He asked if I was an English teacher. 注意：由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句.Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换.但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if 1） 介词后的宾语从句 I’m thinking about whether we should go fishing. 2） 宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not,I can’t say. 3） 宾语从句中有or not时 I don’t know whether or not he was ready. 4） 和动词不定式连用作宾语时 She hasn’t decided whether to go or not. 当" if "引导条件状语从句,（主句是将来时,那么从句就用现在时；主句是过去时,从句则用过去完成时）. 例I don’t know whether he will e.If he es ,I will tell you.

1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号分开. 2.引导宾语从句的词有： 连词that(在口语中that常可省略),if, whether,如： He knows that Jim will work hard. 连接代词who, whom, which等,如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 连接副词when, where, how, why等,如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station? 3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思,一般情况下两者可以换用,但在介词之后, 不定式之前,与or not连用,在句首或在引导表语从句,同位语从句时,只能用whether,如：I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesn't know whether to stay or not? 4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序. 5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应,即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时,从句中谓语动 词也要用过去范畴的时态,但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时,如： He asked who could answer the question. My father told me that the earth goes around the sun. 6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词. 7.当主句谓语动词是think, believe等动词时,宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中.另外,当主句主语为第一人称时,后面若接附加疑问句,那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致.如： I don't think he looks like his father, does he? 8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句,直接引语是引述别人的原话,放在引号内, 不用连词联接；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,通常用连接词与主句联接. (1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句,如： He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy. (2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句,如： He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?” ---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green. (3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句,如： He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?” ---He asked me where Mr Wang was. 注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化.