大学综合英语3全解

超全类型的呵呵～～～大学体验英语3----翻译 by G &BPASSAGE A 1 How did the war ,which brought terrible disasters to mankind,impact on such a poet.2 Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their beloved children which will cause the children to make the same mistake again.3 As a new immigrant in this completely strange country she always felt isolated.4 Acting before thinking often results in failure.so we should think before we leap.5 The time for talking is past.wemust take a positive action to protect our environmentPassage b1. Young people sometimes complain of not being able to communicate with their parents.2. She has been longing to take up residence in a Chinese village for a few years. Now her dream has come true.3. Domestic animals are used to depending on humans, so it is difficult for them to survive in the wild.4. He was suddenly overtaken by a fear that he would be laid off by the company because of bad economy.5. I figure he'll be back soon since he promised to have dinner with me.UNIT2 PASSAGE A------------by G &B1.The reporter pressed the spokesman to make explanation of this military attack.2.His election speech failed to convince the voters that he was the right person for the senator3.Whike I admit that there are problems,I do not think these problem can not be saved.4.His firsh debate on TVmade a deep impression on the audience .5.All things are interrelated and interact with each other.1.记者敦促发言人就此次军事打击作出解释.2.他的竞选演讲未能使选民相信他就是参议员的合适人选.3.尽管我承认有问题存在,但我并不认为这些问题不能解决.4.他在电视上的第一次辩论给观众留下了深刻的印象.5.一切事物都是相互联系又相互作用的.1. 大会报告人原来是我的一位老朋友的女儿。The lecturer at the conference turned out to be the daughter of an old friend of mine.2. 尽管他已经退休5年了，但他在学术界仍然很活跃。It is 5 years since his retirement, but he has remained active in the academic circles.3. 如果确实在经济上有困难，你可以申请助学金。If you do have financial difficulties, you can apply for a student loan.4. 这位科学家研制这种新材料达10年之久才有了突破。This scientist had worked hard at this new material for 10 years before he made his own way in the end.5. 世界上主要的几家飞机制造公司正竭力制造飞得更快，更远的飞机，以争得更大的市场。The chief airplane manufacturers in the world are pushing the envelope to make faster and longer range airplanes to compete for bigger share of the market.UNIT3 PASSAGE A------------by G &B1.Thoughts are expressed by means of language.2.I have bought so many new books this year that it is realy difficult for me to keep count of them .3. The old lady feels assured that her son will come back home today to eclebrate her birthday.4.His mother insisted that his pocket money should not exceed 100 yuan per month.5.We bought a car cust last month which was registered under my name.1.思想是通过语言来表达的.2. 我今年买的新书多得难以数清.3. 这位老太太确信,今天她儿子会回家来为她庆祝生日的.4. 他妈妈坚持说他每月的零用钱不能超过100元.5. 上个月我们买了一辆车,是用我的名字登记的.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1. 伟人能以人格的力量来控制他人。A great man can dominate others by force of character.2. 根据最新报道，中国旅游者去一些东南亚国家旅游无需再申请入境签证。According to the latest report, Chinese tourists do not have to apply for an entry visa to some southeast Asian countries.3. 从信封的颜色来看，这封信可能来自一位女性。The color of the envelope suggests that the letter might be from a women.4. 虽然火车的速度比不上飞机，很多人还是愿意坐火车。Trains can't rival planes for speed, but many people prefer to travel by train.5. 一旦人们看到这种管理模式确实有效，就更有可能接受它。People are much more likely to accept this administration mode once they see that it really works.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@UNIT4 PASSAGE A------------by G &B1、这支乐队二十世纪八十年代凭借那张专集一举成名。In 1980s this band shot to fame with that single album.2、冒一下险吧，你可能还是会输，但赢的机会增加了。Task a risk ,and you maybe lose but the chances of winning increase.3、科学家正积极研究治愈爱滋 病（AIDS）的良方。Scientists are pushing themselves to the limits in their research for finding a AIDS killer.4、现在我们知道了网络的意义：鼠标一点就能知晓天下大事。Now we know the point of the internet: we can learn about everything happened in the world by clicking the mouse.5、一些人认为政府迟早会将克隆人类的研究纳入规范。Some people think that sooner or later the government will regulate the research of human cloning.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1. 乔治对中国文化着了迷，决定去一所夜校学习中文。George is nuts about the Chinese culture and has decided to learn Chinese in an evening school.2. 记者们获悉戴安娜（Diana）要来本市访问的消息，迅速赶到机场去获取新闻。The reporters got wind of Diana's visit to the city and rushed to the airport for the news.3. 经过两个月的不懈努力，警方终于在一个南方城市找到了罪犯的踪迹。After two months of restless effort, the police finally tracked the criminal down in a southern city.4. 两家公司已经原则上达成协议实施这项计划。The two companies have already agreed in principle to go ahead with the project.5. 如果你们的质量没有实质性的增长，我认为你们在市场上不会有什么竞争力。If your quality isn't improving for real, I don't think you will be competitive in the market.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@unit5 passageA------------by G &B1、知道原理是一回事，但要付诸实践又是另外一回事。It’s one thing to understand the principle ,it’s another thing to put it into practice.2、据报道，慢跑（jogging）可将患心脏病的可能性减少三分之二。It’s reported that jogging makes you three times less likely to suffer from a heart attack.3、根据最新调查，半数英国人不清楚欧元和英镑的比值。Almost half of the British people have no idea what the euro is worth in relation to the pound, according to the latest survey.4、这片土地本应建成一个供大家享用的公园，但现在却立起了几栋公寓楼。The area should have been made into a park for everyone to enjoy but now some apartment buildings stand there.5、不知道所有这些相关信息能否凑成一幅关于他的清晰图画。I’m wondering whether all the related information could add up to a clear picture of him.1. 他饮酒过量，对身体不好。He drinks more wine than is good for his health.2. 他知道这时父母亲都在急切地等着他回家过年。He knew that at this moment his parents were eagerly waiting for him to return home for the New Year.3. 招我们喜欢的不仅是他的聪明，还有他的幽默。What appeals to us is not only his intelligence but also his sense of humor.4. 这位国际知名导演拍摄的最新影片结果是彻底的失败。The latest movie made by that internationally famous director turned out to be a total failure.5. 有些年轻人似乎对一切事情都缺乏耐心。It seems that some youngsters don't have patience with anything.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@UNIT6 PASSAGE A------------by G &B1、他悲叹一声，对我们说他年轻时也曾风光一时。He breathed/heaved a sigh of sorrow, telling us that he had seen a better day when he was a young. 2、他有极强的责任感，这就是为什么他被选中掌管这个项目。H e has a strong sense of responsibility ,and that’s why he is chosen to take control of this project.3、不管你去哪里，不管是出差还是去玩，尽量多了解那个地方总是一个不错的主意。Wherever you go ,be it for business of entertainment, it is always a good idea to know about the place as much as you can .4、我们得小心一点，同样的情景可能就要出现。Let’s be careful. The situation may be about to repeat itself. 5、事实上，室内空气质量与儿童的健康密切相关，当然与成人的健康也有关系。In fact, the air quality of a house has a great deal to do with children’s health, and adults’ health for that matter.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1. 为什么人们要在旅行上花费这么多的时间和金钱呢？Why is it that people spend so much time and money on traveling?2. 乘飞机旅行既快又安全，难怪是旅行者的首选。Traveling by air is quick and safe. No wonder it is a popular choice for travelers.3. 我们学校的大部分学生都选了网页设计这门课，计算机中心里白天晚上都挤满了人。Most of the students in my collage have enrolled in the course of web page design and the computer center is always filled with people day and night.4. 我一直梦想着朋友遍天下。多亏了网络，我的梦想终于实现了。It has always been my dream to have friends all over the world. Thanks to the Internet, my dream has come true.5. 网上免费的信息，方便的交流，诱人的游戏，对于他这就是互联网的一切。Free information on-line, convenient communication with friends, attractive games, to him this is what the Internet is all about.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Unit 7------------by G &B1. 许多人认为这种药有助于睡眠，而我只能暗自感叹：“要是他们知情就好了。A lot of people believe that sleeping pills help them sleep. All I can think is, "if they only knew.2. 当我第一次驾机飞上蓝天时，我终于美梦成真。My dream came true when I first flew up into the blue sky in an airplane.3. 这位乡下孩子接触到了城里的种种陌生的事物。他感到十分惊讶，仿佛自己进入了未来世界一般。The country boy was exposed to many strange things in the city. He felt greatly shocked as if he had entered a future world.4. 大学毕业才一年，他就从一个追求梦想的青年变成了一个凡事都无所谓的庸人。Within only one year after graduation from college, he went from a student who pursued his dream to a person who didn't care about a thing.5. 我已经获准进入那个地区进行采访，这可不是人人都能得到的机会。I have been given permission to do the interview in that area, and that's not something that everyone gets.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1. 随着战争的开始，接踵而来的便是为期十年的屠杀和毁灭。With the beginning of the war came ten years of killing and destruction.2. 我们将继续从事我们一直在从事的事业。We shall continue to do what we have always been doing.3. 他们大多数人从头一天早上起就一直在干。今晚他们仍然谁也睡不成。Most of them had been up since the morning before yesterday. But none of them will sleep tonight either.4. 李明是土生土长的成都人。他仍然记得以前在四合院(quadrangle)里生活的情景。Born and raised in Chengdu, Li Ming still remembers the time when he lived in a/the quadrangle.5. 你怎么竟敢在光天化日之下如此残忍地虐待一个幼小的儿童？How dare you treat a young child in such a cruel manner in broad daylight?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1. 同这个案件相比，最近几个月的盗窃事件不值得一提。he thefts in recent months paled in comparison with the case .2. 那次交通事故虽然已经过去了好几年，但他还是摆脱不了负疚感。Several years have passed since the traffic accident, and he still can't shake away the guilty feeling.3. 尽管我们提出了降低成本的建议，董事会的成员们似乎没有认真考虑。Though we had put forward the proposal to reduce cost, the board members didn't appear to take it seriously.4. 周围的山坡已经变得光秃秃的，但这并没有使村民们想起保护环境的重要性。The bare hills around haven't reminded the villagers of the importance of protecting the environment.5. 办公室里可能再不会响起他那爽朗的笑声了。It is unlikely for his hearty laughter to ring in our office again.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@------------by G &B1. 为了所有在场的人，也为了我们的下一代，只要有和平的机会，我们就必须利用它。As long as there is a chance for peace, we must take advantage of it for the sake of our younger generation as well as for all the people present here.2. 他们历史性的握手打开了和平之门，标志着暴力的结束。The historic handshake between them opened the door to peace and marked the end of violence.3. 我们应尽一切可能与企图破坏和平进程的人作斗争，迫使他们停止从事恐怖活动。We should exhaust every possibility to fight against those who attempt to torpedo the peace process and force them to cease to engage in terrorism.4. 虽然他的和平政策得到了广泛的支持，然而和平事业仍然充满了艰难困苦。Although his peace policy received broad support, the cause for peace was still fraught with difficulties and pain.5. 就我而言，我要和所有与这个项目有关的人进行接触，以制定一个最佳方案。In my case, I will come into contact with all those concerned with the project to work out the best scheme.

unit 5 Writing Three Thank-You Letters Alex Haley served in the Coast Guard during World War ll. On an especially lonely day to be at sea -- Thanksgiving Day -- he began to give serious thought to a holiday that has become, for many Americans, a day of overeating and watching endless games of football. Haley decided to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving by writing three very special letters. 亚历克斯•黑利二战时在海岸警卫队服役。出海在外，时逢一个倍感孤寂的日子――感恩节，他开始认真思考起这一节日的意义。对许多美国人而言，这个节日已成为大吃大喝、没完没了地看橄榄球比赛的日子。黑利决定写三封不同寻常的信，以此来纪念感恩节的真正意义。 Writing Three Thank-You LettersAlex Haley 1 It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U. S. coastguardsman. My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days. Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods. The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks. Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific. 写三封感谢信亚利克斯•黑利 那是在二战期间的1943年，我是个年轻的美国海岸警卫队队员。我们的船，美国军舰军市一号已出海多日。多数船舱装着成千上万箱罐装或风干的食品。其余的船舱装着不少五百磅重的炸弹，都小心翼翼地放在垫过的架子上。我们的目的地是南太平洋图拉吉岛上一个规模很大的基地。 2 I was one of the Murzim's several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey. 我是军市一号上的一个厨师，跟岸上的人一样，那个感恩节的上午，我们忙着在准备一道以烤火鸡为主的传统菜肴。 3 Well, as any cook knows, it's a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away. But finally, around sundown, we finished at last. 当厨师的都知道，要烹制一顿大餐，摆上桌，再刷洗、收拾干净，是件辛苦的事。不过，等到太阳快下山时，我们总算全都收拾停当了。 4 I decided first to go out on the Murzim's afterdeck for a breath of open air. I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cook's hat. 我想先去后甲板透透气。我信步走去，一边深深呼吸着空气，一边慢慢地踱着步，头上仍戴着那顶白色的厨师帽。 5 I got to thinking about Thanksgiving, of the Pilgrims, Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the cob, and the rest. 我开始思索起感恩节这个节日来，想着清教徒前辈移民、印第安人、野火鸡、南瓜、玉米棒等等。 6 Yet my mind seemed to be in quest of something else -- some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving. It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could result from reversing the word "Thanksgiving" -- at least that suggested a verbal direction, "Giving thanks." 可我脑子里似乎还在搜索着别的事什么――某种我能够赋予这一节日以个人意义的方式。大概过了半个小时左右我才意识到，问题的关键也许在于把Thanksgiving这个字前后颠倒一下――那样一来至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks。 7 Giving thanks -- as in praying, thanking God, I thought. Yes, of course. Certainly. 表达谢意――就如在祈祷时感谢上帝那样，我暗想。对啊，是这样，当然是这样。 8 Yet my mind continued turning the idea over. 可我脑子里仍一直盘桓着这事。 9 After a while, like a dawn's brightening, a further answer did come -- that there were people to thank, people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them. The embarrassing truth was I'd always just accepted what they'd done, taken all of it for granted. Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple, sincere "Thank you." 过了片刻，如同晨曦初现，一个更清晰的念头终于涌现脑际――要感谢他人，那些赐我以诸多恩惠，我根本无以回报的人们。令我深感不安的实际情形是，我向来对他们所做的一切受之泰然，认为是理所应当。我一次也没想过要对他们中的任何一位真心诚意地说一句简单的谢谢。 10 At least seven people had been particularly and lastingly helpful to me. I realized, swallowing hard, that about half of them had since died -- so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude from me. The more I thought about it, the more ashamed I became. Then I pictured the three who were still alive and, within minutes, I was down in my cabin. 至少有七个人对我有过不同寻常、影响深远的帮助。令人难过的是，我意识到，他们中有一半已经过世了――因此他们永远也无法接受我的谢意了。我越想越感到羞愧。最后我想到了仍健在的三位，几分钟后，我就回到了自己的舱房。 11 Sitting at a table with writing paper and memories of things each had done, I tried composing genuine statements of heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my dad, Simon A. Haley, a professor at the old Agricultural Mechanical Normal College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas; to my grandma, Cynthia Palmer, back in our little hometown of Henning, Tennessee; and to the Rev. Lonual Nelson, my grammar school principal, retired and living in Ripley, six miles north of Henning. 我坐在摊着信纸的桌旁，回想着他们各自对我所做的一切，试图用真挚的文字表达我对他们的由衷的感激之情：父亲西蒙•A•黑利，阿肯色州派因布拉夫那所古老的农业机械师范学院的教授；住在田纳西州小镇亨宁老家的外祖母辛西娅•帕尔默；以及我的文法学校校长，退休后住在亨宁以北6英里处的里普利的洛纽尔•纳尔逊牧师。 12 The texts of my letters began something like, "Here, this Thanksgiving at sea, I find my thoughts upon how much you have done for me, but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you -- " And briefly I recalled for each of them specific acts performed on my behalf. 我的信是这样开头的：“出海在外度过的这个感恩节，令我回想起您为我做了那么多事，但我从来没有对您说过自己是多么想感谢您――”我简短回忆了各位为我所做的具体事例。 13 For instance, something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon me from boyhood to love books and reading. In fact, this graduated into a family habit of after-dinner quizzes at the table about books read most recently and new words learned. My love of books never diminished and later led me toward writing books myself. So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books. 例如，我父亲的最不同寻常之处在于，从我童年时代起，他就让我深深意识到要热爱书籍、热爱阅读。事实上，这一爱好渐渐变成一种家庭习惯，晚饭后大家围在餐桌旁互相考查近日所读的书以及新学的单词。我对书籍的热爱从未减弱，日后还引导我自己撰文著书。多少次，当我看到如今的孩子们如此沉迷于电子媒体时，我不由深感悲哀，他们很少，或者根本不了解书中所能发现的神奇世界。 14 I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each morning he would open our little country town's grammar school with a prayer over his assembled students. I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers. 我跟纳尔逊牧师提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的学生做祷告，以此开始乡村小学的一天。我告诉他，我后来所做的任何有意义的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些学校晨祷的影响。 15 In the letter to my grandmother, I reminded her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others. I thanked her for the years of eating her good cooking, the equal of which I had not found since. Finally, I thanked her simply for having sprinkled my life with stardust. 在给外祖母的信中，我谈到了她用了种种方式教我讲真话，教我与人分享，教我宽恕、体谅他人。我感谢她多年来让我吃到她烧的美味菜肴，离开她后我从来没吃过那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感谢她，因为她在我的生命中撒下美妙的遐想。 16 Before I slept, my three letters went into our ship's office mail sack. They got mailed when we reached Tulagi Island. 睡觉前，我的这三封信都送进了船上的邮袋。我们抵达图拉吉岛后都寄了出去。 17 We unloaded cargo, reloaded with something else, then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us, and as the days became weeks, my little personal experience receded. Sometimes, when we were at sea, a mail ship would rendezvous and bring us mail from home, which, of course, we accorded topmost priority. 我们卸了货，又装了其它物品，随后我们按熟悉的常规，再次出海。 一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我个人的经历渐渐淡忘。我们在海上航行时，有时会与邮船会合，邮船会带给我们家信，当然这是我们视为最紧要的事情。 18 Every time the ship's loudspeaker rasped, "Attention! Mail call!" two hundred-odd shipmates came pounding up on deck and clustered about the two seamen, standing by those precious bulging gray sacks. They were alternately pulling out fistfuls of letters and barking successive names of sailors who were, in turn, shouting back "Here! Here!" amid the pushing. 每当船上的喇叭响起：“大伙听好！邮件点名！”200名左右的水兵就会冲上甲板，围聚在那两个站在宝贵的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色邮袋旁的水手周围。两人轮流取出一把信，大声念收信水手的名字，叫到的人从人群当中挤出，一边应道：“来了，来了！” 19 One "mail call" brought me responses from Grandma, Dad, and the Reverend Nelson -- and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before. 一次“邮件点名”带给我外祖母，爸爸，以及纳尔逊牧师的回信――我读了信，既震惊又深感卑微。 20 Rather than saying they would forgive that I hadn't previously thanked them, instead, for Pete's sake, they were thanking me -- for having remembered, for having considered they had done anything so exceptional. 他们没有说他们原谅我以前不曾感谢他们，相反，他们向我致谢，天哪，就因为我记得，就因为我认为他们做了不同寻常的事。 21 Always the college professor, my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too sentimental, so I knew how moved he was to write me that, after having helped educate many young people, he now felt that his best results included his own son. 身为大学教授的爸爸向来特别留意不使用任何过于感情化的文字，因此， 当他对我写道，在教了许许多多的年轻人之后，他认为自己最优秀的学生当中也包括自己的儿子时，我知道他是多么地感动。 22 The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a "simple, old-fashioned principal" had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt. "I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right," he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated. 纳尔逊牧师写道，他那平凡的传统校长的岁月随着学校里发生的如此迅猛的变化而结束，他怀着自我怀疑的心态退了休。“说我做得不对的远远多于说我做得对的，” 他写道，接着说我的信给他带来了振奋人心的信心：自己的校长生涯还是有其价值的。 23 A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her "settin' down" some letter to relatives. Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours. I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me -- whom she used to diaper! 一看到外祖母那熟悉的笔迹，我顿时回想起往日站在她的白色摇椅旁看她给亲戚写信的情景。外祖母一个字母一个字母地慢慢拼出一个词，接着是下一个词，因此写满一页要花上几个小时。捧着外祖母最近花费不少工夫对我表达了充满慈爱的谢意，我禁不住流泪――从前是她给我换尿布的呀。 24 Much later, retired from the Coast Guard and trying to make a living as a writer, I never forgot how those three "thank you" letters gave me an insight into how most human beings go about longing in secret for more of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts. 许多年后，我从海岸警卫队退役，试着靠写作为生，我一直不曾忘记那三封“感谢”信是如何使我认识到，大凡人都暗自期望着有更多的人对自己的努力表达谢意。 25 Now, approaching another Thanksgiving, I have asked myself what will I wish for all who are reading this, for our nation, indeed for our whole world -- since, quoting a good and wise friend of mine, "In the end we are mightily and merely people, each with similar needs." First, I wish for us, of course, the simple common sense to achieve world peace, that being paramount for the very survival of our kind. 现在，感恩节又将来临，我自问，对此文的读者，对我们的祖国，事实上对全世界，我有什么祝愿，因为，用一位善良而且又有智慧的朋友的话来说，“我们究其实都是十分相像的凡人，有着相似的需求。”当然，我首先祝愿大家记住这一简单的常识：实现世界和平，这对我们自身的存亡至关重要。 26 And there is something else I wish -- so strongly that I have had this line printed across the bottom of all my stationery: "Find the good -- and praise it." 此外我还有别的祝愿――这一祝愿是如此强烈，我将这句话印在我所有的信笺底部：“发现并褒扬各种美好的事物。” Thanksgiving, like Spring Festival, brings families back together from across the country. Waiting for her children to arrive, Ellen Goodman reflects on the changing relationship between parents and children as they grow up and leave home, often to settle far away. 如同春节那样，散居各处的美国人到感恩节就回家团聚。埃伦•古德曼在等待着子女回家的同时，思索着当子女长大离家，常常在远方定居之后，父母与子女关系的不断变化。

感恩的力量

黛博拉·诺维尔

加州大学的心理学教授罗伯特·埃蒙斯博士，长期以来对感恩在身体健康和心理健康方面所起的作用颇感兴趣。他与迈阿密大学的心理学教授迈克尔·麦卡洛夫一道选择了三组志愿者，并且随意指定他们每周关注三件事情中的一件：麻烦事，让他们心存感激的事以及日常琐事。

第一组的人把注意力集中在每一件不称心的或者令他们恼怒的事情上，比如“那个该死的家伙在高速公路上突然将车开到我前面抢道。”第二组专门关注那些提升生活质量的事，比方说“我的男友善良体贴——有他真是幸运。”第三组回忆最近的日常生活中的事，诸如“我去买鞋了。”

结果是那些注意力集中于感恩的人明显感觉更加幸福，他们以积极的态度看待生活。他们鲜有诉说头疼感冒之类的身体不适症状，积极参加健康有益的活动。比起那些关注麻烦事的人们，他们每周差不多多运动一个半小时。知晓感恩的人单纯朴素，生活质量更高。

他们身边的人也察觉到了这一点。“他们注意到这群人更加快乐、更有活力。他们看得出来那些人正变得更加乐观。”埃蒙斯说道。懂得感恩的这组人“甚至似乎看上去更加乐于助人，会独立帮助他人。”对于这一结果，埃蒙斯大为惊讶。

“感恩不仅仅是像积极思维或乐观之类事使人感到快乐。感恩真的使人付诸行动，使人变得更加亲近社会，更富同情心。”这种变化在另外两组人身上却不曾显现。

埃蒙斯和麦卡洛夫对他们发表于2003年的研究成果作了进一步的探讨。他们召集一批大学生每天——而非仅仅每周——关注生活中的烦恼或幸事。从一开始埃蒙斯和他的团队就意识到定期的感恩检查功效甚大。

后续的研究发现，那些每天都能找到感激之事的人较少追求物质享受——他们不大会把生活的满意度与物质财富联系起来。他们比别人更愿意放弃所拥有的财富。在他们的车的保险杠上不可能看到写着“谁拥有最多，谁就是赢家”之类的小标语。

那么，在生活中我们又该如何利用感恩这门科学呢？

每天只需花几分钟工夫，感恩就是产生力量。但是它需要始终不渝、心胸开阔以及奉献精神。埃蒙斯说：“我认为感恩是一种要求极高的品质，一种苛严的品质。它是一种磨砺，一种训练。”它也许来之不易，但是可以培养。

培养的方法如下：

记录你的谢意

每天花上片刻——一般最好是临睡之前——扼要记下三件当日发生的让你心存感激的事情。任何使你精神振奋的事，使你绽露笑容、心情愉悦的事，或为你的将来带来幸福感的事，都行。

对于每一件令你心怀感激的事情，写一写为什么它对你而言是件好事。也许你收到一个久未联系的老同学的电子邮件，它让你回想起你们一同度过的美好时光，让你意识到即便你不曾与他们联系，他们还惦念着你。这足以说明你是个不同寻常的人。

另外，记录下谁（如果有那么一个人的话）在你当天的回忆中是个有影响的人，以及那个人如何对你的生活产生了影响。

这一切听起来都不难，是不是？如果让你在记录谢意和做五十个仰卧起坐外加二十五个俯卧撑之间做个选择，你会更倾向于拿起一支笔，是不是？

感恩日记使你以积极而又具体的方式看待生活，提醒你关注在这个快节奏的、冷漠的世界里生活的相互联系，以及他人在多大程度上提升了你的生活质量。感恩日记促使你关注正面事物，而非不可避免的负面事物。此外，感恩日记还能增强你的自尊。

认清模式

过一段时间，你会发现在令你感激的条目列表中有着某种一致性。许多条目显示他人在你生活中所起的重要作用。其他条目突出一些有意义的经历。还有一些则涉及你所引发的事情，你能满怀豪情地指着说，“我促成了此事。”

这叫做由理性支配的积极生活所带来的幸福，即来自于行动本身，而非其结果的幸福或满足。随之而来的所有其他益处——如：某人感激你，你的项目获得成功——不过是种点缀而已。

接住回飞镖

感激之情，在向别人表示之后，几乎总能辗转返回。被感激的人更加愿意为那些使他们觉得自己有价值的人作出回报。

一项研究表明，服务员把账单递给顾客前，在账单上简单地写上“谢谢”两字，比起那些不写的来说，平均多得11%的小费。在账单上写上即将推出的特价餐信息的服务员同样获得较高的小费，平均高出17%到20%。

在人际关系显得越来越少而且有时非常紧张的当今世界，感恩之情会激起回响。

抓住时机

环顾你的四周：在你的世界里哪些事是对的？如果你有什么爱好，你就付诸行动吧；如果没有，你就找一个吧。主动接触他人，与人分享你的东西。对别人做一个小小的姿态并不使你损失什么，却能给你带来诸多好处。所有这些行动都能增加你心怀感激的机会。

北卡罗莱纳大学心理学家芭芭拉·费雷德里克森说：“感恩之心有可能使万物由其平常状态升华为一种礼物。”