生产积极性英文

29、她因为那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来了。Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weak that she could barely stand up30、教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以至没有足够的时间学习了。Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study31、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this one32、乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的确是一副杰作。At first glance the picture didn't look very good, but after examining it carefully, we found that it was indeed a masterpiece33、简从书架上拿了一本杂志，开始东一页西一页地随便翻阅。Jane picked up a magazine from the bookshelf and started reading here and there at random34、我随信附上这篇故事的几张插图。With this letter I enclose some illustrations for the story35、那幢古老的建筑物四周有一圈高墙。The ancient building was enclosed by a high wall36、格林大夫忙着研制一种治疗艾滋病的药物，但从下月起他就能安排时间在星期一上午看二十个左右的病人。Dr. Green is busy working on a cure for AIDS, but from next month on he'll be able to fit in twenty patients or so on Monday morning37、他讲了个故事来说明为什么在详细查看其条款之前决不要在任何合同上签字。He told a story to illustrate why you should never sign any contract before you have examined its provisions in detail38、他们老是对她说她有数学天才，她感到很不好意思。She was embarrassed when they kept telling her she had a genius for mathematics39、天知道我们那个傻小子什么时候能中学毕业。God knows when that dumb kid of ours is going to graduate from high school40、亨利的最近一部小说和他女儿的第一本书都于三个月前出版，令他们惊讶的是，后者已经售出了一百多万册。Henry's latest novel and his daughter's first book were both published three months ago, and to their astonishment, the latter has already sold over a million copies41、据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood42、罢工结果，资方接受了工人的要求。The strike resulted in the management's accepting the workers' demands43、煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件而举行罢工。The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions44、我很想买这本英文词典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。I'd like very much to buy the English dictionary. Unfortunately, I haven't got enough money on me45、我想先和你讨论一下这篇文章的英译稿，然后再把它寄给霍布斯先生。I'd like to talk over with you about the English translation of the article ahead and then send it to Mr. Hobbs46、那位外国专家希望在三年内达到所有的目标。The foreign expert hopes to achieve all his aims in three years47、一个科学家要是跟上本领域的新发展，你认为必须做些什么？What do you think a scientist must do in order to keep up with the latest developments in his field?48、作者认为，如果优秀工人经常得到加薪和提拔，他们就会有更大的生产积极性。The author thinks that if excellent workers get frequent pay increases and promotions, they will have greater incentive to produce49、萨姆买不起他极想要的那种相机，因为那相机太贵了。Sam could not afford (to buy) the camera he longed for because it was too expensive50、整个上午他都在忙于写那篇故事，只是偶尔停下来喝杯茶。He was busy writing the story all the morning, only breaking off occasionally to have some tea.51、他是个富人家的儿子，不过看上去已经家境衰落了。He is the son of a wealthy family, but he seems to have come down in the world52、他常利用她缺乏生意头脑而欺骗她。He often took advantage of her lack of business sense to cheat her53、王教授，请您赏光来参加我们星期六的英语晚会好吗？Prof. Wang, would you do us a favor by coming to our English evening this Saturday?54、看外表他一点不像是个八十多岁的老人。He does not seem to be an old man in his eighties, considering his appearance55、他们肯定没打算把他培养成一名工程师，我猜想他们永远也不会这样做。Undoubtedly they do not have the intention of making an engineer of him, and I suspect they never will56、我怀疑这家工厂什么质量控制也没有，经过一周的观察，我发现情况果真如此。I suspected there was no quality control whatsoever in the factory. After making observations for a week I found this was indeed the case

经济术语太多，并且各个领域术语不断衍生，我仅列出主要的经济指标： 生产者物价指数：PPI （Producer Price Index） 主要的目的在衡量各种商品在不同的生产阶段的价格变化情形。 消费者物价指数：CPI （Consumer Price Index） 反映与居民生活有关的产品及劳务价格统计出来的物价变动指标，通常作为观察通货膨胀水平的重要指标。我国称之为居民消费价格指数。 讲到衡量通胀的指标之一为CPI，就必须讲到它的另一个指标IPPI，即为工业品价格指数：它是通过调查收集部分代表企业的代表产品的价格变动资料加权计算的相对数，以反映工业品价格变动趋势和变动程度。 货币购买力指数：货币购买力指数实际是居民生活费用价格指数（含消费品价格指数和服务性支出价格指数）的倒数。 基尼系数（Gini coefficient），或称洛伦茨系数（由洛伦茨曲线而得）：按照联合国有关组织规定： 若低于0.2表示收入绝对平均； 0.2-0.3表示比较平均； 0.3-0.4表示相对合理； 0.4-0.5表示收入差距较大； 0.6以上表示收入差距悬殊。 痛苦指数(misery index) 由失业率和通胀率加总得来，数字越高，表示痛苦程度越高。 恩格尔系数(Engel's Coefficient) 指居民家庭中食物支出占消费总支出的比重。国际上常常用恩格尔系数来衡量一个国家和地区人民生活水平的状况，一个国家或家庭生活越贫困，恩格尔系数就越大；反之，生活越富裕，恩格尔系数就越小。根据联合国粮农组织提出的标准，恩格尔系数在59%以上为贫困，50-59%为温饱，40-50%为小康，30-40%为富裕，低于 30%为最富裕。 国内生产总值:GDP（Gross Domestic Product） 经济社会（即一个国家或地区）在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全部最终产品（物品和劳务）的市场价值。 国民生产总值（Gross National Product，简称GNP），也称国民生产毛额、本地居民生产总值它是指一个国家（地区）所有常住机构单位在一定时期内（年或季）收入初次分配的最终成果。它等于国内生产总值(GDP)加上来自国外的劳动报酬和财产收入减去支付给国外的劳动者报酬和财产收入。 国民生产净值（Net National Product）:（简称NNP），又称国民净收入，是指一个国家在一定时期内，国民经济各部门生产的最终产品和劳务价值的净值。一般以市场价格计算，它等于国民生产总值减去固定资产折旧后的余额。 对应地，国内生产净值（Net Domestic Product, NDP）是指在国内生产总值（GDP）中扣除生产资本的消耗后得到的国内生产总值。

According to the report, that railroad once stopped the construction because of the flood. I very want to sell this English dictionary, it is a pity on my body the belt money is insufficient. A scientist wants to follow this domain the recent development, you thought what has to make? The author believed, if the outstanding worker obtains frequently raises in salary and promotes, they can have the bigger production enthusiasm.

什么是NNP？什么是NI、PI、DPI？NNP简单地说，NNP=GNP-折旧。NI(National Income) is the income earned by the factors of production。简单地说，国民收入NI=NNP-间接税和企业转移支出+政府对企业补贴。PI(Personal Income) is the income received by households。简单地说，个人收入PI=NI-挣到但没有收到的收入+收到的但不是挣到的收入（政府对私人的转移支出）。DPI(Disposable Personal Income) is income remaining after paying personal income taxes。简单地说，DPI=PI-所得税=个人消费C+个人储蓄S。CRB是期货价格指数，反映期货价格的高低。ECI是就业成本指数。

Unit 1 Cloze(A)1. aware 2. performance 3. average 4. adequate 5. set aside 6. mentions 7. look over 8. commit(B)1. if/once 2. about 3. it 4. know 5. up 6. as 7. from 8. words 9. into 10. other 11. for 12. when Translation 1、他这次考试的失败使他意识到定期复习功课的重要。His failure in the exam has made him aware of the importance of reviewing his lessons regularly. 2、请一定不要忘记离家前你父母对你说过的话。Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you before you left home. 3、我确信她的英语知识对这项工作来说是足够的了。I'm sure her knowledge of English is adequate for the job. 4、这篇文章的目的是告诉学生怎样培养良好的学习习惯。The purpose of this article is to tell the students how to develop good study habits. 5、在当今时代，人们越来越多地依靠计算机(computers)来解决各种各样的问题。In our age, people depend more and more on computers to solve various kinds of difficult problems. 6、略读不仅可以帮助你对将要阅读的东西有所了解，还可以帮助你读得快些，提高你的阅读理解力。Skimming not only helps you get some idea of what you are going to read but also helps you read faster and improve your comprehension. 7、有些人以为男孩子比女孩子聪明。然而，事实未必如此。Some people believe that boys are cleverer than girls. This is not necessarily the case, however. 8、即使智力一般的学生也可以通过改进学习习惯习惯而成为优等生。Even students of average intelligence can become top students by improving their study habits. Unit 2 Cloze(A)1. adventure 2. in spite of 3. determined 4.accomplish 5. voyage 6. attempts7. dissuade 8. give up 9. covered(B)1. conquer 2. about 3. succeeded 4. between 5. through 6. high 7. sail 8. follow/take 9. round 10. then 11. but 12. As 13. made 14. fast 15. did 16. ever 17. that 18. did Translation 1、幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了医院。Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at one. 2、胜利登上乔治岛后，船长向指挥部发了一份无线电报。After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a radio message to his headquarters. 3、他决心继续他的实验，不过这次他将用另一种办法来做。He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he’ll do it another way. 4、她读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。When she read the novel, she couldn’t help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside. 5、玛丽觉得单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself. 6、我们认为他不能在一刻钟内走完那段距离，但他却成功地做到了这一点。We didn't think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it. 7、甚至在他的医生告诉他患有肺癌之后，奇切斯特仍不肯放弃环球航行的宿愿。Even after his doctor told him he had lung cancer, Chichester would not give up his old dream of sailing round the world. 8、我正忙着在做一种新的捕鼠(rats)装置时，马克走来拖着我出去看花展了。I was busy making a new device for catching rats when Mark came and dragged me out to a flower show. Unit 3 Cloze(A)1. occasion 2.present 3. endured 4. rare 5. trembled 6. all7. at other times 8. disappointment 9. folded(B)1. neccessary 2.and 3. with 4. The 5. of 6. in 7. growing 8. if 9. one 10. through 11. when 12 continue1. present/gift 2. any/those 3. could 4. sing 5. sent 6. cost 7. birthday 8. bird 9. replied Translation 1、那位演员似乎很乐意在剧中扮演一个次要角色。That famous actor seemed content to play a minor part in the play. 2、国庆节要到了，咱们把寝室彻底打扫一下吧。National day is round the corner. Let’s give our bedroom a thorough clean. 3、她非常勉强地同意让一位年青的医生为她作手术。She agreed, very reluctantly, to be operated on by a young doctor. 4、他们已安排好让我们明天去游览长城，我相信我们在那儿一定会玩得很开心。They’ve arranged for us to visit the Great Wall tomorrow . I’m sure we’ll have a good time there (we’ll enjoy ourselves there). 5、老人读完信后失望之极，竟用颤抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。After reading the letter the old man was so disappointed that he tore it into little bits with trembling fingers. 6、老两口为他们的孙子感到骄傲，因为他在第二十六届奥运会上获得了两块金牌和一枚铜牌。The old couple were proud of their grandson, who got/won two gold medals and one bronze medal at the 26rd Olympic Games. 7、即使他的祖母不能来参加他的生日宴会，她也会寄给他一件可爱的礼物。对这一点汤姆深信不疑。Even if his grandmother could not come to his birthday party, she would send him a lovely present. Tom was sure of that. 8、昨天是玛丽的二十岁生日。她父亲寄给她一双靴子，她母亲为她买了一盒巧克力糖。而她的男朋友则给她一束红玫瑰。It was Mary’s twentieth birthday yesterday. Her father sent her a pair of boots. Her mother bought her a box of chocolates. And her boy friend brought her a bunch of red roses. Unit 4 Cloze(A)1. proposed 2. prohibited 3. social 4. communicate 5.actually 6. mental 7. rate 8. bringing9. together 10. proposal 11. worthwhile 12. involve(B)1.fun 2. turn 3. in 4. different/interesting 5. make 6. will 7. by/form 8.latest 9. and *10. in11. watch 12. or 13. in 14. to 15. There 16. for 17. may 18. home 19. reasons 1. but 2.used 3.little/bit 4.few 5.little 6.number 7.some 8.while 9.any 10.deal 11.no 12. Now Translation 1、接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind. 2、众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much.. 3、我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood. 4、我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening. 5、她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up. 6、教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study. 7、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this. 8、乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的的确观察，我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。 At first glance the picture didn’t look very good, but after examining it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece. Unit 5 Cloze(A)1. nothing but 2.impatience 3.lest 4.miserable 5.indignant 6.wronged 7.misery 8.broke into9.anxiously 10.caught sight of(B)1.to 2.mine 3.going 4.ought 5.nothing/nobody 6.mind/decision 7.and 8.then 9.on 10.town 11.find/see12.full 13.walded 14.before 15.to 16.the 17.returned 18.looking 19.when 20.at21.However 22.restaurants 23.for 24.feling 25.which 26.before 27.where 28.must 29.Merry 1、史密斯医生从窗口望出去，突然看到一个年轻人正向他的诊所奔来。Looking out of the window, Dr. Smith caught sight of a young man running towards his clinic. 2、艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。Amy used to drink nothing but coffee. 3、迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。Myra broke into tears when she learned that her husband had got injured in an accident. 4、我们好几天没有看见怀特小姐了。她是病倒了还还是怎么了？W haven’t seen Miss White for quite a few days. Has she fallen ill of something? 5、研究所所长亲自查明一切都没有问题。The director of the research institute came in person to make sure that everything was all right. 6、伦尼今天早晨上学又迟到了。他应该早一点起床的。肯定是昨晚睡得太迟了。Lennie was late for school again this morning. He ought to /should have got up earlier. He must have stayed up too late last night. 7、嗨，你不应该把那些孩子赶跑。他们是来帮忙的，不是来捣蛋的。Say you oughtn’t to have driven away those kids. They came to lend you a hand, not to make trouble. 8、对护士来说，坚持这项规定是很重要的。It is important for nurses to stick to this rule.Unit 6 Cloze(A) basis, efficiency, neat, quality, inspect, productive, findings, flow, amazed, suggestions, management(B) places/roles, bored, enjoy/like, traveling/going, hour, the, in, telling/ordering,didn't, until, job, mine, take/accept, stay, at, being, understand, so, boring/dull, work,an, until, on, right/correct, so, what, problems Tranlation1、据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood.2、罢工结果，资方接受了工人的要求。The strike resulted in the management accepting the workers’ demands.3、煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions.4、我很想买下这本英文词典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。I’d like very much to buy the English dictionary Unfortunately , I haven’t got enough money on me.5、我想先和你讨论一下这篇文章的英译稿，然后再把它寄给霍布斯先生。I’d like to talk over with you the English translation of the article before sending it to Mr. Hobbs.6、那位外国专家希望在三年内达到所有的目标。The Blacks happened to be at the cinema when their house caught fire.7、一个科学家要跟上本领域的新发展，你认为必须做些什么？What do you think a scientist must do in order to keep up with the latest developments in his field? 8、作者认为，如果优秀工人经常得到加薪和提级，他们就会有更大的生产积极性。The author thinks that if excellent workers get frequent pay increases and promotions, they will have greater incentive to produce. Unit 7 Cloze(A) elderly, worn, evident, afford, laid out, sampled, intention, out of place,prosperous, come down, favour, counted out(B) when, in, deep, for, of, must, so, went, kindly, come, drink, offer,bar, a, to, haven't, catch, ask, answered Translation1、萨姆买不起他极想要那种照相机，因为那相机太贵了。Sam could not afford (to buy) the camera he longed for because it was too expensive.2、整个上午他都在忙惊天动地写那篇故事，只是偶尔停下来喝杯茶。He was busy writing the story all the morning , only breaking off occasionally to have some tea.3、他是个富人家的儿子，不过看上去已经家道中落了。He is the son of a wealthy family, but he seems to have come down in the world.4、他常利用她缺乏(lack)生意头脑(business sense)而欺骗她。He often took advantage of her lack of business sense to cheat her.5、王教授，请您赏光来参加我们星期六的英语晚会好吗？Prof. Wang , would you do us a favor by coming to our English evening this Saturday?6、看外表他一点也不像是个八十多岁的老人。He does not seem to be an old man in his eighties, considering his appearance.7、他们肯定没打算把他培养成一名工程师，我猜想他们永远也不会这样做。Undoubtedly they do not have the intention of making an engineer of him, and I suspect they never will.8、我怀疑这家工厂什么质量控制也没有。经过一周的观察，我发现情况果真如此。I suspected there was no quality control whatsoever in the factory. After making observations for a week I found it was indeed the cases. Unit 8 Cloze(A) deliver, tragic, nervous, awkward, immediately, extended, eager, came out,responsible, hold, in, got to his feet(B) were, everywhere, of, was, left, go, an, towards, where, far, battle, who,angrily/loudly, when, know Translation1、她弯腰捡起手帕在桌子上把它弄平。She stooped to pick up the handkerchief and smoothed it out on the table.2、他那句话的含意是他想在政府部门找个工作。The implication of his statement is that he'd like a job in a government department.3、她停顿了一会，用一块小手帕擦了擦嘴，然后又继续给我们讲衬衫厂里发生的事情。She paused a moment, wiped her mouth with a small handkerchief and then went on to tell us what had happened in the shirt factory.4、亚当斯先生发现他十三岁的儿子正从他的皮夹子里偷钱大为震惊。Mr. Adams was greatly shocked to find his 13-year-old son stealing money from his wallet.5、“请不要打断我，”亚当斯先生对妻子说：“我正在跟汤姆谈他刚才做的事情。”“Please do not interrupt me , ” said Mr. Adams to his wife. “I’m talking to Tom about what he was just done.”6、我怎么能为他讲的话负责呢？How can I be responsible for what he says?7、小男孩急于想减轻那位妇人的痛苦，但不知道该怎么办。The young boy was eager to make the woman less unhappy, but he did not know what to do.8、他努力控制住自己的感情，假超前享受没有听见那个令人悲痛的消息。With an effort, he held in his feelings and pretended not to hear the sad news. Unit 9 Cloze(A) potential, complex, differs, ancient, recent, limit, ability, recall, exactly, compared to,unable, complicated(B) 1. to, with, hear, side, with, it, side, work, both, done/made, which, with, both, who, much, working, which, therefore, to2. An, something, forgotten, and, important, you, review, have, what, of, where, learnt, continue, shown, what, for, break, will, just, During, exercise, because, Therefore/So, Listening, air, other/right Translation1、某些化学药品不该混和在一起，因为它们可能引起剧烈的反应。Certain chemicals should not be mixed, as they may have a violent reaction.2、最近的事件证明他们对政府新的外交政策所持的态度是正确的。Recent events have proved that their attitude to the government's new foreign policy is correct.3、这位古希腊哲学家似乎能够用简单的文字表达复杂的思想。This philosopher of ancient Greece seemed able to put complicated thoughts into simple words.4、那个国家一再卷入战争。Over and over again, the nation has got involved in foreign wars.5、我们就这个问题进行了一番非常热烈的讨论，然而要确切地说出每个人讲了些什么却不容易。We had a very heated discussion about the question. However, it’s not easy to tell exactly what each person said.6、在过去二十年中，对于癌的起因的研究在数量上有了很大的增长。In the past twenty years, there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the cause of cancer.7、人们学习的能力似乎是无限的。There seems to be no limit to human beings' ability to learn.8、科学家们一致认为更好地了解人脑将有助于人们充分利用其无限的潜力。Scientists all agree that a better understanding of the human brain will help man to make full se of its limitless potential. Unit 10 Cloze(A) mysterious, caught up in, dusty, made her way, painfully, approached, take him back, vanish, pulled into(B) least, feel, at, for, unless, with, anywhere, happened, its, the, better, anything, in, one, said, about, over, name, which, offered, who, frightened, take, by, dead, cut, else, sleeping, following, had, on, if Translation1、教授走进教室时，我们正兴致勃勃地讨论中东的形势。We were caught up in a discussion about the situation in the Middle East when the professor walked into the classroom.2、一辆卡车驶进了学校积雪覆盖的操场。A truck pulled into the snow-covered playground of the school.3、午夜后某个时候，敌人被迫撤退了。Sometime after midnight, the enemy was/were forced to retreat.4、就是在那间斗室里，他们勤奋地工作着，憧憬着美好的未来。It was in that small room that they worked diligently and dreamed of better days to come.5、老太太听到铃响，便从椅子上站起来，向门口走去。When she heard the bell ringing, the old lady rose from her chair and made her way to the door.6、经过一天的战斗，我们的士兵成功地占领了敌人的一些重要阵地。After a day’s fight, our soldiers succeeded in taking over some important enemy positions.7、老妇人愤愤地大声叫喊说，那个女店员欺骗了她。The elderly woman angrily exclaimed that she had been cheated by the shop girl.8、我上汽车不久就注意到一个外貌很怪的男人。他穿着一件不合身的上衣，一动不动地坐在位子上。Soon after I boarded the bus, I noticed a strange-looking man. He wore an ill-fitting coat, and sat rooted in his seat. 不知道是不是你想要的

29. 她因为那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。after she had two operations from the illness, she become very weak, can barely stand up30. 教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了Education expert claims that the generation who has grow with TV spend too much time on watching it, thus do not have enough time to study31. 我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法（solution）来。I really hope you can suggest a solution which better than this one32. 乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作（masterpiece）.with one glance, we think this painting is not that good, but once look in details, we would say it is a masterpiece.33. 简从书架上拿了一本杂志，开始东一页西一页地随便翻阅。Jane pick a magazine from shelf, and skim it page by page34. 我随信附上这篇故事的几张插图。I'll attach some pictures in the mail for the story35. 那幢古老的建筑物四周有一圈高墙。the old building is surrounded by a high wall36. 格林大夫忙着研制一种治艾滋病（AIDS）的药物，但从下月起他就能安排时间在星期一上午看二十个左右的病人了。Doctor Green is working on a medicine against AIDS virus, however he is able to see 20 patients in Monday morning from next month.37. 他讲了个故事来说明为什么在详细查看其条款（provisions）之前决不要在任何合同上签字。He used a story to explain why we should not sign any contracts before read the probisions38. 他们老是对她说她有数学天才，她感到很不好意思。They always tell her that she is math genius, it make her feel shy39. 天知道我们那个傻小子什么时候能中学毕业。Only god knows when that foolish boy will graduate from middle school.40. 亨利的最近一部小说和他女儿的第一本书都于三个月前出版，令他们惊讶的是，后者已经售出一百多万册。Henry's newest novel is pulished at the same time as his daughter's first novel came out 3 months ago, but what amaze them is, one million copies of latter has been sold41. 据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。（hold up）according to source, that railway construction was held up by flood42. 罢工结束，资方接受了工人的要求。after the strike, employers accept worker's requirements43. 煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。Coal workers decide go on strike in order to gain better working condition 44. 我很想买这本英文词典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。i really want to buy this English dictionary, unfortunitely i don't have enough money on me45. 我想先和你讨论一下这篇文章的英译稿，然后再把它寄给霍布斯先生。I want to dicuss the English draft of this essay with you before i send it to Mr. Hoops46. 那位外国专家希望在三年内达到所有的目标。That foreign expert wish to reach all the targets in 3 years47. 一个科学家要跟上本领域的新发展，你认为必须做些什么？What should a scientist do to catch up newly developments in his own experty?8. 作者认为，如果优秀工人经常得到加薪和提拔，他们就会有更大的生产积极性。the author states that if workers get pay rises and promotions, it would encourage them49. 萨姆买不起他极想要的那种相机，因为那相机太贵了。Sam is not able to afford the camera that he wants, because it is too expensive50. 整个上午他都在忙于写那篇故事，只是偶尔停下来喝杯茶。he have been writing the story for whole morning, but occasionlly take a rest and enjoy some tea51. 他是个富人家的儿子，不过看上去已经家道中落了。He is son of a rich family, but looks like his family is on the wane52. 他经常利用她缺乏生意头脑（business sense）而欺骗她。Because of she has lack of business sense, He often cheat on her53. 王教授，请您赏光来参加我们星期六的英语晚会好吗?Professor Wang, would you like to come to our English party at Saturday night54. 看外表他一带你也不像是个八十多岁的老人。 From his aspect, he does not look like 80 years old55. 他们肯定没打算把他培养成一名工程师，我猜想他们永远也不会这样做。They must not want to make him a engineer, i guess they would never do that.56. 我怀疑这家工厂什么质量控制也没有。经过一走的观察，我发现情况果真如此。I suspect this factory does not have any qulity control system. i am right after the observation.大概翻译了一下，可能有些地方不是很合适，包涵吧

1．国民生产总值 是指一个国家（地区）所有常住机构单位在一定时期内（年或季）收入初次分配的最终成果（简称GNp）。它等于国内生产总值加上来自国外的劳动报酬和财产收入减去支 付给国外的劳动者报酬和财产收入。 国民生产总值反映一个国家的经济水平。 国民生产总值的计算方法有三种：（1）生产法 （或称部门法），是从各部门的总产值（收入）中 减去中间产品和劳务消耗，得出增加值。各部门 增加值的总和就是国民生产总值；（2）支出法 （或称最终产品法），即个人消费支出干政府消 费支出十国内资产形成总额（包括固定资产形 成和库存净增或净减）十出口与进口的差额； （3）收入法（或称分配法），是将国民生产总值看作为各种生产要素（资本、土地、劳动）所创造的增加值总额。 2．国内生产总值 是指一个国家或地区所有常住单位在一定时期内（通常为：年）生产活动的最终成果（简称GDp）。 国内生产，总值有三种表现形态，即价值形 态、收入形态和产品形态。国内生产总值的三种表现形态表现为三种计算方法，即生产法、收入法和支出法。三种方法分别从不同的方面反映国内生产总值及其构成。 国内生产总值能够全面反映全社会经济活动的总规模，是衡量一个国家或地区经济实力，评价经济形势的重要综合指标，世界上大多数国家都采用这一指标。 3．社会总产值 是指一定时期内（通常为1年） 以货币表现的农业、工业、建筑业、运输邮电业和商业（包括饮食业和物资供销业）五大物质生产部门的总产值之和，也称社会总产品，它是反映一个国家或地区在一定时期内物质生产总成果的重要指标。 4．总投资 是指一定时期内固定资产投资与流动资产投资之和。固定资产投资是指国民经济各部门对固定资产的全部投资。流动资产投资是指各部门占用的原材料、在产品、产成品和商品库存，以及战略物资储备等的增加额。总投 资，反映投资的总规模，对于研究投资规模。投资效益、投资结构、投资需求与有效供给之间的关系，有着重要意义。 5．国民经济类型划分 是指以生产资料的所有制性质和国家有关法规为依据划分经济类型的规定。根据《关于经济类型划分的暂行规定》，目前，经济类型可划分为以下几种：国有经济；集体经济；私营经济；个体经济；联营经济；股份制经济；外商投资经济；港、澳、台投资经济；其他经济。 6．全员劳动生产率 是指根据产品价值量指标计算的平均每一个职工在单位时间内的产品生 产量。它是考核企业经济活动的重要指标，是企业生产技术水平、经营管理水平、职工技术熟练 程度和劳动积极性的综合表现。其计算公式为： 全员劳动生产率=工业总产值/ 全部职工平均人数 7．农业总产值 是指以货币表现的农林牧渔业全部产品总量，即农林牧渔业总产值。它用价值量形式综合说明一定时期（通常指、年）农业生产的总成果或总规模。它是观察农业生产水平和发展速度，研究农业内部比例关系和农业在国民经济中的地位与布局的一个重要综合指标。同时，也是计算农业劳动生产率和农业增加值的基础资料。 8．农业增加值 是指农业各生产单位生产经营或劳务活动的最终成果，即一个单位或行业对 社会所作的贡献。从宏观上来说，农业增加值是计算农村生产总值的依据，即农村生产总值等于农村各部门增加值之和；从微观上来说，农业增加值的计算，可以全面反映农业基层企业，事业单位的投入、产出、效益及收入分配关系，有 助于改善经营管理，提高经济效益。 按“生产法”计算的农业增加值，其计算公式为： 农业增加值= 农业总产出一中间消耗（中间产品消耗和劳务消耗） 按“收入法”（或称分配法）计算的农业增加值，其计算公式为： 农业增加值=固定资产折旧+劳动者报酬+生产税净额+营业盈余 9．农业劳动生产率 是指农业劳动者在一定时间内生产的产品数量与相应的劳动消耗量之比。既可用实物量计算，也可以用价值量计算。在研究农业劳动生产率水平时，通常计算价值量指标。其计算公式为： 农业总产值或农业增加值 农业劳动生产率： 10．工业总产值 是指以货币表现的工业企业在一定时期内生产的已出售或可供出售的工业产品总量。它是反映一定时间内工业生产总规模和总水平的重要指标，是计算工业生产发展速度和主要比例关系，计算工业产品销售率和其他经济指标的重要依据。工业总产值包括成品价值、工业性作业价值和自制半成品、在产品期末期初差额价值。 工业总产值采用“工厂法”计算，即以工业企业作为一个整体，按企业工业生产活动的最终成果来计算。但各企业之间、行业之间、地区 之间存在着重复计算。其计算公式为：报告期工业总产值=报告期全部产品的成品价值+报告期工业性作业价值+（报告期自制半成品和在产品期末余额- 报告期自制半成品和在产品期初余额） 计算工业总产值采用的价格有不变价格和现行价格。 1.绝对优势（Absolute advantage） 如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。 2.逆向选择（Adverse choice） 在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。 3.选择成本（Alternative cost） 如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。 4.需求的弧弹性（ Arc elasticity of demand） 如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于 -（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2） 5.非对称的信息（Asymmetric information） 在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。 6.平均成本（Average cost） 平均成本是总成本除以产量。也称为平均总成本。 7.平均固定成本( Average fixed cost） 平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。 8.平均产品（Average product） 平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。 9.平均可变成本（Average variable cost） 平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。 10.投资的β(Beta） β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。 11.债券收益(Bond yield） 债券收益是债券所获得的利率。 12.收支平衡图（Break－even chart） 收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。 13.预算线(Budget line） 预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。它的斜率等于商品X的价格除以商品Y的价格再乘以一1。 14.捆绑销售（Bundling） 捆绑销售指这样一种市场营销手段，出售两种产品的厂商，要求购买其中一种产品的客户，也要购买另一种产品。 15.资本（Capital） 资本是指用于生产、销售及商品和服务分配的设备、厂房、存货、原材料和其他非人力生产资源。 16.资本收益（Capital gain） 资本收益是指人们卖出股票（或其他资产）时所获得的超过原来为它支付的那一部分。17.资本主义（Capitalism） 资本主义是一种市场体系，它依赖价格体系去解决基本的经济问题：生产什么？如何生产？怎样分配？经济增长率应为多少？ 18.基数效用(Cardinal utility） 基数效用是指像个人的体重或身高那样在基数的意义上可以度量的效用（它意味着效用之间的差别，即边际效用，是有意义的）。序数效用与它相反，它只在序数的层面上才有意义。 19.卡特尔（Cartel） 卡特尔是指厂商之间为了合谋而签订公开和正式协议这样一种市场结构形态。 20. 科布一道格拉斯生产函数是指这样的生产函数Q=AL“IK”2 Mi3。式中，Q为产量；L为劳动的数量；K为资本的数量；M为原材料的数量；A，31，12，23均为常数。 21.勾结（Collision） 勾结是指一个厂商和同业内其他的厂商签订有关价格、产量和其他事宜的协议。 22.比较优势（Comparative advantage） 如果与生产其他商品的成本相比，一个国家生产的某种产品的成本比另一个国家低，那么，该国就在这种商品的生产上与另一个国家相比具有比较优势。 23.互补品（Complements） 如果X和Y是互补品，X的需求量就与Y的价格成反向变化。 24.成本不变行业（Constant-cost industry） 成本不变的行业是指具有水平的长期供给曲线的行业，它的扩大并不会引起投入品价格的上升或下降。 25.规模收益不变（Constant returns to scale） 如果所有投入品的数量都以相同的百分数增加，并导致产量也以相同的百分数增加，就是规模收益不变的。 26.消费者剩余（Consumer surplus） 消费者剩余是指消费者愿意为某种商品或服务所支付的最大数量与他实际支付的数量之差。 27.可竞争市场（Contestable market） 可竞争市场是指那种进入完全自由以及退出没有成本的市场。可竞争市场的本质在于它们很容易受到打了就跑的进入者的伤害。 28.契约曲线（Contract curve） 契约曲线是（在消费者之间进行交换时）两个消费者的边际替代率相等的点的轨迹，或者（在生产者之间进行交换时）两个生产者的边际技术替代率相等的点的轨迹。 29.角点解（Corner solution） 角点解是指这样一种情形，预算线在位于坐标轴上的点处达到最高的可获得的 30.需求的交叉弹性（Cross elasticity of demand） 需求的交叉弹性是指商品Y的价格发生1％的变化时所引起的商品X的需求量变化的百分比。 31.垄断的无谓损失（Deadweight loss of monopoly） 如果一个完全竞争的市场转变为一个垄断的市场，这种转变所带来的总剩余的减少就是无谓损失。 32.买方垄断的无谓损失（Deadweight loss of monopsony） 如果一个完全竞争的市场转变成一个买方垄断的市场，这种转变所带来的总剩余的减少即为无谓损失。 33.成本递减行业（Decreasing-cost industry） 成本递减行业是指具有向下倾斜的长期供给曲线的行业，它的扩大会引起平均成本下降。 34.规模收益递减（ Decreasing return to scale） 如果所有投入品的数量都以相同的百分数增加，并导致产量增加的百分数小于该百分数，就是规模收益递减的。 35.需求曲线（Demand curve） 需求曲线表示在每一价格下所需求的商品数量。 36.可贷资金的需求曲线（Demand curve of loanable funds） 可贷资金的需求曲线表示可贷资金的需求量与利率二者之间的关系。 37.贴现率（ Discount rate） 当利率用于计算投资的净现值时，它被称为贴现率。 38.可分散风险(Diversifiable risk） 可以通过多样化来避免的风险是可分散风险。 39.主导厂商（ Dominant firm） 在寡头垄断的行业中，主导厂商是一个制定价格的大型厂商，它允许该行业中的小厂商在此价格下销售它们想出售的全部数量的商品。 40.优势策略（Dominant strategy） 不论其他局中人采取什么策略，优势策略对一个局中人而言都是最好的策略。 41.双头垄断（Duopoly) 双头垄断是指有两个卖主这样一种市场结构。古诺模型，以及其他模型中都涉及双头垄断。 42.经济效率（Economic efficiency） 经济效率是指这样一种状况，所进行的任何改变都不会给任何人带来损失而能增加一些人的福利。这样一种状态就是经济的有效率状况（或者帕累托效率或帕累托最优）。 43.经济利润（Economic profit） 经济利润是指厂商的收益与它的成本之差，后者包括从最有利的另外一种厂商资源的使用中可以获得的收益。 44.生产的经济区域（Economic region of production） 生产的经济区域是指等产量线斜率为负的投入品组合。没有一个厂商会在等产量线斜率为正的点上运行，因为在这种点上总会有一种投入品的边际产品为负。 45.经济资源（Economic resource） 经济资源是指一种稀缺的、要求一个非零价格的资源。 46.范围经济（Economies of scope） 范围经济是指由厂商的范围而非规模带来的经济。只要把两种或更多的产品合并在一起生产比分开来生产的成本要低，就会存在范围经济。 47.有效市场假说（Efficient markets hypothesis） 根据这一假设，投资者在买卖股票时会迅速有效地利用可能的信息.所有已知的影响一种股票价格的因素都已经反映在股票的价格中，因此根据这一理论，股票的技术分析是无效的。（这个假设有三种形式。） 48.财富状况（Endowment position） 财富状况是指消费者每年的收人。 49.恩格尔曲线（Engel curve） 恩格尔曲线反映的是所购买的一种商品的均衡数量与消费者收入水平之间的关系。它是以19世纪德国的统计学家恩斯特·恩格尔的名字命名的。 50.均衡（Equilibrium） 均衡是指没有任何变化趋势的状态。例如，均衡价格就是一种能够维持的价格。 51.过剩生产能力（Excess capacity） 过剩生产能力是指成本最低产量与长期均衡中的实际产量之差。垄 52.断竞争理论 有一个著名的且颇有争论的结论，它认为这种市场结构之下的厂商往往会在还有过剩生产能力的情况下进行生产。 53.扩张路径( Expansion path） 扩张路径是指与各种产量相对应的等产量线与等成本线相切的点的轨迹。（所有投入品都是可变的。） 54.期望货币价值（Expected monetary vale） 为了确定一项投机的期望货币价值，计算每一种可能出现的结果的货币收益（或损失）与其出现的概率相乘以后的和。 55.预期利润（Expected profit） 预期利润就是长期的平均利润值，也就是用所出现的概率加权以后的各种可能的利润水平之和。