论文前言的英文

introduction:after entering the 21st century, the computer technology and network technology have gained a rapid development.currently, e-commerce has become a vigorous bussiness type.under the context of e-commerce, the production of producers will be conducted according to the market demand. its sales will be completed with the assistance of computers and networks, which will completely change the service process under traditional bussiness type. the revolutionary change of operaing environment of enterprises will undoubtly leads to revolutionary change of the innotations and cannotations of accountant management. Imformation technology is basically attacking and challenging the basical rationale system and accountant model of traditional accountant. this article analyzes the influence of e-bussiness to accountant and raises some measures on improvement.any accountant theory is based on certain accountant context and actual practice. e-commerce greatly changes the environment of accountant,and will surely bring about influence to the theory of accountant.texturally and geographically,e-commerce is a virtual enterprise. the traditional accountant theory and according priciple need developing. e-commerce,based on modern imformation technology has attacked the traditional accountant model. under the new environment of social economy, the development of e-commerce brings an unprecedented oppotunity and challenge to the development of economy in our country

序言的英文：preface ['prefis] n. (书籍、演讲等的)序言，前言，绪言，引语，开场白introduction [,intrə'dʌkʃən] n. 前言，引言，序言；导论；(音乐的)序曲foreword ['fɔ:wə:d] n. (文章、杂志等的)序，序言，序文，前言，绪言，同近义词: introduction; perface英文preface、foreword都含“书的正式篇章开始之前的一段文字”的意思。preface 指“由书的作者或他人为该书写的序言或序文，它是与本书分开的一部分，用来解释写书的目的、重要性等，篇幅一般比foreward长”。 如:This book has a preface written by the author.这本书有作者写的序言。foreword 指“书的简短的序文”, 如:That book has a preface, not a foreword.那本书有序文, 没有前言。参考例句：1. The preface to this book is on the preceding page 前边一页是这本书的序言。2. To preface a Book By a life of the writer 以作者的生平作为一本书的序言3. In her preface she pours out vials of wrath on her detractors. 在序言里她对她的诽谤者表示愤慨。4. This Book has a preface written By the author. 这本书有作者写的序言。5. This foreword of the book is writed by a famouse writer . 这本书的序言是由一个著名作家写的。6. The preface is complete in itself. 这前言本身就是完整的。7. The accident was the preface to a great scientific discovery. 这一偶然事件成了一项重大科学发现的开端。8. Can you please preface my book? 你能给我这本书作序吗？9. The preface of the book includes an account of the author's life. 该书前言记述了作者生平。10. Jame's prefaces are always important . 詹姆斯小说的前言总是重要的。11. The introduction explains how the chapters are organized . 前言部分说明各章的怎样组织。12. In his preface hawthorne seeks to explain the attraction that italy has for the writers of romances . 霍桑在前言中试图阐明意大利对传奇作家的吸引力。

Entering the 21st century, the computer technology, thenetwork technology rapid development, e-commerce has become a strong vitality and business mode. Under the e-commerce environment, producers of production will come according to market demand, its sales will be accomplished by computer and network, will completely change traditional business modes of business processes. Business environment of the revolutionary change will inevitably lead to the denotation and connotation of the management accounting, information technology revolution change fundamentally impact and challenges the traditional accounting basic theory system and accounting model. This article mainly from the influence of e-commerce on accounting is analyzed, and puts forward some improvement measures.Any accounting theory is based on certain accounting environment and practical basis. E-commerce greatly changed the traditional accounting environment of accounting theory, also inevitable effects. E-commerce from the organization or geography is a virtual enterprise, the traditional accounting theory and the corresponding principles need to develop. Based on modern information technology on the basis of e-commerce has impact on the traditional accounting pattern, new social economic environment, the development of e-commerce in China's economic development has brought an unprecedented opportunities and challenges.

.premise

一般在英文书籍中正文开始前需要包括版权信息，目录，致谢，前言，作者的简介或者工具书类的如何使用本书等部分。对应的翻译是 copyright, content, acknowledgement, introduction/abstract, about the author, how-to-use. 目录的前言一般是指致谢，简介等部分。

前言翻译英文应该是foreword，而楼上解答的premise是前提的意思，完全是误导你啊

前言（序言）用英文表达有五种形式： 1、preface[ˈprefəs]，序言，引语；开端，前奏；[宗]（弥撒的）序诵，序祷； 2、introduction [ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn]，介绍；引言，导言；采用，引进；新采用的东西； 3、foreword [ˈfɔ:wɜ:d]，前言，序（言）； 4、exordium [eksɔ:dɪəm]，（讲话论文等）开端，绪言，绪论； 5、preliminary remarks [prɪˈlɪmɪnəri rɪma:ks]，序言，开场白。

英文论文引言的写作技巧Introduction学术论文中的引言(Introduction)是对全文内容和结构的总体勾画。引言尽管不像摘要那样有一定的篇幅限制和相对固定的格式，但在内容和结构模式上也有需要遵循的规律。本章首先介绍这些规律，然后探讨需要掌握的语言技巧。引言的内容与结构布局引言的主要任务是向读者勾勒出全文的基本内容和轮廓。它可以包括以下五项内容中的全部或其中几项：介绍某研究领域的背景、意义、发展状况、目前的水平等对相关领域的文献进行回顾和综述，包括前人的研究成果，已经解决的问题，并适当加以评价或比较；指出前人尚未解决的问题，留下的技术空白，也可以提出新问题、解决这些新问题的新方法、新思路，从而引出自己研究课题的动机与意义；说明自己研究课题的目的；概括论文的主要内容，或勾勒其大体轮廓。 如何合理安排以上这些内容，将它们有条有理地给读者描绘清楚，并非容易之事。经验告诉我们，引言其实是全文最难写的—部分。这是因为作者对有关学科领域的熟悉程度，作者的知识是渊博、还是贫乏，研究的意义何在、价值如何等问题，都在引言的字里行间得以充分体现。我们可以将引言的内容分为三到四个层次来安排。第一层由研究背景、意义、发展状况等内容组成，其中还包括某一研究领域的文献综述；第二层提出目前尚未解决的问题或急需解决的问题，从而引出自己的研究动机与意义；第三层说明自己研究的具体目的与内容；最后是引言的结尾，可以介绍一下论文的组成部分。第一层：1) Introducing the general research area including itsbackground, importance, and present level of development……………………………………………………………2) Reviewing previous research in this area……………………………………………………第二层：Indicating the problem that has not been solved byprevious research, raising a relevant question …………………………………………………………………………………第三层：Specifying the purpose of your research…………………………………第四层：1) Announcing your major findings ………………………………………2) Outlining the contents of your paper ……………………………………值得注意的是，引言中各个层次所占的篇幅可以有很大差别。这一点与摘要大不一样，摘要中的目的、方法、结果、结论四项内容各自所占的篇幅大体比例一样(见7.2节)。而在引言中，第一个层次往往占去大部分篇幅。对研究背景和目前的研究状况进行较为详细介绍。研究目的可能会比较简短。引言与摘要还有一点不同的是，摘要中必须把主要研究结果列出，而在引言中(如果摘要与正文一同登出)结果则可以省略不写，这是因为正文中专门有一节写结果(results)，不必在引言中重复。