英语快速阅读4单选

英语四级快速阅读题有一定的答题技巧，可以在平时的做题训练中锻炼一下。以下是一些技巧的总结： 1.阅读题目以预测文章内容应该先读题目，后看文章，同时根据题目设想一下文章可能涉及的内容，以及所使用的词汇量的类型与范围，乃至题目涉及到的关键性的词汇。诸如，大写字母，时间，数字等用词，这些词汇都是在阅读文章查询信息过程中重要的提示。2.重视小标题在文中的纲要性作用 在篇幅相对比较短的阅读理解考试当中可以直接用题目中的关键词汇定位，但是面对长篇累牍的快速阅读，考生首先应当留意文章中是否有小标题。如果有，一定要先读小标题，因为小标题的作用如同字典前面的目录，可以帮助考生宏观的把握文章框架，迅速寻找到有效信息的范围。3. 注意标点符号的使用可以运用标点符号(破折号、小括号、冒号)了解抽象的和不认识的词汇或句子的含义。因为这些标点符号的出现就是为了更进一步地解释其前面的信息。但同时，由于快速阅读用词相对比较简单，很容易理解和把握标点前的被解释信息，所以，可以将这些标点符号后面的信息删除，从而更加快速地把握文章主旨，提高阅读速度及效率。4. 注意逻辑关系的运用逻辑关系分布在文章的句子内部、句与句之间、以及段落之间，最基本的逻辑关系有以下几种：(1) 因果关系：as a result, therefore, hence, consequently, because, for, due to, hence, 等等。(2) 并列、递进关系：and, or, then, what’s more, in addition, besides, in other words, moreover等等。(3) 转折关系：however, nevertheless, while, whereas, but, yet, in fact等等。在处理文章的时候，有一条清晰的思路，不是为了完整翻译文章而进行阅读，而是为了获取主旨、获取某些信息而进行阅读，所以，要利用逻辑关系简化阅读。5. 特殊信息点在快速阅读中的运用所谓“特殊信息点”是指那些很容易在文章中识别的词汇，诸如，时间，数字，人名，地名，大写字母，斜体，黑体等形式的语言点。这些形式的表达，一方面很容易识别出来；另一方面，这些信息点所表现的一般都是文章的琐碎信息，对于主旨的理解和把握而言，不过是更进一步论证而已。因此，可以忽略这些信息的阅读。如果后面测试的题目中确实涉及到了，再回来细读也无妨，毕竟它们的表现形式非常利于查找和定位判断。

英语四级快速阅读题有一定的答题技巧，可以在平时的做题训练中锻炼一下。以下是一些技巧的总结：

1、阅读题目以预测文章内容

应该先读题目，后看文章，同时根据题目设想一下文章可能涉及的内容，以及所使用的词汇量的类型与范围，乃至题目涉及到的关键性的词汇。诸如，大写字母，时间，数字等用词，这些词汇都是在阅读文章查询信息过程中重要的提示。

2、重视小标题在文中的纲要性作用

在篇幅相对比较短的阅读理解考试当中可以直接用题目中的关键词汇定位，但是面对长篇累牍的快速阅读，考生首先应当留意文章中是否有小标题。如果有，一定要先读小标题，因为小标题的作用如同字典前面的目录，可以帮助考生宏观的把握文章框架，迅速寻找到有效信息的范围。

3、注意标点符号的使用

可以运用标点符号（破折号、小括号、冒号）了解抽象的和不认识的词汇或句子的含义。因为这些标点符号的出现就是为了更进一步地解释其前面的信息。但同时，由于快速阅读用词相对比较简单，很容易理解和把握标点前的被解释信息，所以，可以将这些标点符号后面的信息删除，从而更加快速地把握文章主旨，提高阅读速度及效率。

由国家教育部任命成立“全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会”，考试委员会由全国若干重点大学的有关教授和专家组成，设顾问二人，主任委员一人，副主任委员若干人，专业委员会委员和咨询委员会委员各若干人。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会在学术上、组织上对大学英语考试负责。部分考务工作由“教育部考试中心”负责。考试委员会设办公室作为常设办事机构。

大学英语四、六级考试已引起全国各高等院校及有关教育领导部门对大学英语教学的重视，调动了师生的积极性。效度研究的大量统计数据和实验材料证明大学英语四、六级考试不但信度高，而且效度高，符合大规模标准化考试的质量要求，能够按教学大纲的要求反映我国大学生的英语水平，因此有力地推动了大学英语教学大纲的贯彻实施，促进了我国大学英语教学水平的提高。

由于大学英语四、六级考试采用正态分制，使每次考试后所公布的成绩含有大量信息，成为各级教育行政部门进行决策的动态依据，也为各校根据本校实际情况采取措施提高教学质量提供了反馈信息。大学英语四、六级考试从命题、审题、考务组织、统计分析到成绩发布已形成一套完整的制度，是一项组织得较好的、严格按照标准化考试质量要求进行的大规模考试。

英语四级快速阅读技巧如下：

1、扫读全文，确定文章的大概结构

重点去读文章的第一段，如果各部分有小标题，还要读一下各部分的小标题，如果无小标题，则扫读每段的首句。

2、将考察题目与原文相对应

我们按顺序把每一道题目题干中的定位词先标注出来，再按段落顺序依次去定位。千万不要把文章全部看完后再做题，或者全部题目看完后再读文章。

3、精炼原文，学会概括

快速阅读除了选择题之外，还会有两到三个填空题。对于填空题，我们所要做的是首先确定所缺内容是句子的什么成分，然后根据具体定位信息回到原文去确定所缺内容。要学会去照抄原文或者对原文内容进行概括总结，以确保所填内容信息的完整性和准确性。

Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid*Good grades and high testscores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid.But with low-incomestudents projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-boundpopulation in coming years, some schools are re-examing whether that aid,typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of preciousinstitutional dollars.George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last weekthat it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by aboutone-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouringthe savings, about $2.5million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa.,made a similar decision three years ago.Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y.,says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aidrecipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will beawarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008.Not all colleges offermerit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to doso. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offergenerous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility (资格) have been willing to paywhatever they must for a big-name school.For small regionalcolleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an importantrevenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars overand above scholarship amount to keep the institution running.But for rankings-consciousschools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit topstudents and to improve their academic profiles. “They’re trying to buystudents,” says Skidmore Colllege economist Sandy Baum.Studies show merit aidalso tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enrollwithout it.“As we look to the future,we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer,dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton,which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report’s ranking ofthe best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.Merit aid, which benefitedabout 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $1milion a year, “served us well,” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the pricefor families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”Need-based aid remains byfar the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutionalgrants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growingfaster, both overall and at the institutional level.Between 1995-96 and2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% forneed-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bidto enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.But in recent years, agrowing chorus (异口同声) of critics has begunpressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign thatpeople are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition goingon.” says Baum, co-author of a recent CollegeReport that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based onneed.David Laird, president ofthe Minnesota PrivateCollege Council, says many of hisschools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, theywould lose top students to their competitors.“No one can take one-sidedaction,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption (豁免) from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss howthey could jointly reduce merit aid. “This is a merry-go-round that’s goingvery fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks oftrying to breakaway by themselves.”A complicating factor isthat merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’tqualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, astuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.That is one reason Allegheny Collegedoesn’t plan to drop merit aid entirely.“We still believe inrewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly valuethe scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny’s vice president forenrollment.Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a$4.7 billion endowment (捐赠), meanwhile, is taking anotherapproach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy studentsand cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its28-year-old merit program.“Yeah, we’re playing themerit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduateeducation. But it has its strong points, too, he says, “The fact of the matteris, it’s not just about the lowest-income people. It’s the average Americanmiddle-class family who’s being priced out of the market.”*A few words about merit-based aid:Merit-based aid is aidoffered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generallyknown as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.Academic meritscholarships are based on students’ grades, GPA and overall academicperformance during high school. They are typically meant for students goingstraight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarshipsfor current college students with exceptional grades as well. These meritscholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewedeach year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases,students may need to be recommended by their school or a tearcher as part ofthe qualification process.Athletic meritscholarships are meant for student that excel(突出) in sportsof any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for thesescholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to berecognized by a coach or a referee (裁判). Applicants need to send in atape containing their best performance.Artistic meritscholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. Thisgenerally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music,dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requiresthat students submit a portfolio （选辑） of some sort, whether thatincludes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or avideo of them dancing.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. With more and more low-income students pursuinghigher education, a number of colleges are ________.A) offering studentsmore merit-based aidB) revising theirfinancial aid policiesC) increasing theamount of financial aidD) changing theiradmission processes2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago?A) It tried to implementa novel financial aid program.B) It added $2.5million to its need-based aid program.C) It phased out itsmerit-based scholarships altogether.D) It cuts itsmerit-based aid to help the needy students.3. The chief purpose of rankings-consciouscolleges in offering merit aid is to ________.A) improve teachingqualityB) boost their enrollmentsC) attract goodstudentsD) increase theirrevenues4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission andfinancial aid at Hamilton,believed ________.A) it doesn’t pay tospend $1 million a year to raise its rankingB) it gives studentsmotivation to award academic achievementsC) it’s illogical touse so much money on only 4% of its studentsD) it’s not right togive aid to those who can afford the tuition5. In recent years, merit-based aid hasincreased much faster than need-based aid due to ________.A) more governmentfunding to collegesB) fierce competitionamong institutionsC) the increasingnumber of top studentsD) schools’ improvedfinancial situations6. What is the attitude of many privatecolleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?A) They would like tosee it reduced.B) They regard it asa necessary evil.C) They think it doesmore harm than good.D) They consider itunfair to middle-class families.7. Why doesn’t Allegheny Collegeplan to drop merit entirely?A) Rising tuitionshave made college unaffordable for middle-class families.B) With risingincomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid.C) Many students frommiddle-income families have come to rely on it.D) Rising incomeshave disqualified many students for need-based aid.8. Annual renewal of academic meritscholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ________.9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarshipsneed a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ________ their exceptionalathletic performance.10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarshipsmust produce evidence to show their ________ in a particular artistic field.1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C8. qualified9. recognizes10. portforlio

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