英语一般将来时态

一般将来时，有两种构成。一个是will do，一个是 be going to。例句：I will go to school.或者是I am going to school.

一般将来时(The future indefinite tense) 一般将来时主要有以下几种表现形式： 由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall 用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称.除英国外的说英语的国家,在陈述句中,即使在第一人称一般也用will,在英国也有这种趋势.在口语中,常用shall,will的缩写形式为’ll,如：I’ll,you’ll等.Shall not的缩写式为:shan’t,will not 的缩写式为：won’t. 肯定句：I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They Will go. 否定句：I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go. 疑问句：Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go? 什么叫做一般将来时 （1）一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况. 例如：I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到. Will you be free tonight?你今晚有空吗? We won’t (shan’t) be busy this evening.我们今晚不忙. （2）在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是 否指未来的动作或情况.例如： Will she come?她（会）来吗? We’ll only stay for two weeks.我们只待两星期. The meeting won’t last long.会开不了多久. （3）在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b)： a.Where shall we meet?我们在哪儿碰头? b.Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我们有课吗? 在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是在美国.例如： How will I get there?我怎么去?

一、一般将来时态： 四种形式表达将来时: will / shall＋动词原形, be going to＋动词原形, be doing,以及一般现在时. shall / will / be going to +动词原形 be to do sth. be +coming (leaving, starting, reaching, returning….) be about to do sth. 1. will / shall表示单纯的将来(即现在的之后),will还可以表示"决心"、"意愿"；shall 用于第一、三人称的问句中,还可以表示征求对方的意见.例如： He will be back in a few days.(单纯将来) I will study hard to keep up with my classmates.(决心或意愿) Shall I go with you?(征求意见) 【注意】在含有if的条件状语从句时,主句中要用will表示将来时.例如： If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go climbing. 2. be going to＋动词原形多用于口语,强调事先的"打算、计划"要做的事情或有某种迹象要发生的事情.例如： What are you going to do this evening?(打算) Look!There are so many clouds in the sky. It's going to rain, I think. (有迹象要发生的事情) 3. be doing代表现在进行时.现在进行时表示即将发生的将来,多与表示位移的动词come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start等连用.例如： She is leaving for Beijing. 她就要启程去北京. 4. 一般现在时表示将来时,主要用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中；或者用来表示按时刻表的规定将要发生的动作.例如： I'll tell him about it as soon as I see him. My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning. 二、过去将来时态：（The Future-in-the-Past Tense) 1)过去将来时一般由“助动词would(should)＋动词原形”构成,也可以用“was (were) going to＋动词原形”来表示.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,这种时态常用在宾语从句中. I thought the film was going to be very interesting. 我原以为这个电影会很有趣. No one knew which country would hold the next Olympic Games. 谁也不知道将由哪个国家举办下一届奥林匹克运动会. 2)由were/was going to 表示过去将来时 Jackie thought the American country music was going to be very popular. 杰基认为美国乡村音乐将深受欢迎. The Greens were going to spend their winter vacation abroad.格林一家将到国外去度寒假. Zhou Lan said she was going to work hard at her English. 周兰说她将努力学习英语. Charlie wrote he and his father were going to cut rice soon. 查利写道他与他父亲不久就打算割稻. 3)用would表示过去将来时 They told me that they would come home by air for the holiday. 他们告诉我说他们将乘飞机回家度假. The writer thought it would be wrong to eat monkeys. 作者认为吃猴子肉是不对的. It would be very difficult to make progress if you didn't work hard. 4)过去将来时态中的否定形式 The radio broadcast that it was not going to snow tomorrow.电台广播说明天不会下雪. He explained that he was not going to take part in the sports meeting. 他解释说他将不参加运动会. During an earthquake weak buildings would not stay up. 地震时不结实的楼房就要倒塌. He would not prepare any special food for his cousin. 他不给表弟做特别的饭菜. 三、用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的表达： A. should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时态 B. was / were going to do sth.（用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么．）C. was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原来的计划和安排． D. expect , intend , hope , mean , plan , promise , suppose , think , want , wish．．．常用过去完成时态在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望． E. wish that …had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望． F.情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时,表示过去本该做,打算做,想做而未做的事情． G. had better / would rather + 不定式的完成时,表示一种过去的愿望．常译为"当初最好／当初真该．．．．" 四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时是现在时的范畴,表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时是过去的范畴,表示过去的动作或现象,与现在无关.例如： He has come here.(说明他现在在这里) He came here.(说明他过去来过这里,但现在是否在这里不知道) 四、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别 一般过去时表示过去发生过,强调动作结束了.而过去进行时表示动作在过去某时间内进行,强调动作没结束.例如： Yesterday I wrote a letter.(意思是"写了信") Yesterday I was writing a letter.(意思是"在写信") 五、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时的区别 过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时这三个时态是"寄生"时态.所谓"寄生"时态,就是不能单独存在,必须以某一过去时为存在的条件.过去进行时就是与某一过去时同时发生的动作,过去将来时就是在某一过去时之后发生的动作,过去完成时就是在某一过去动作之前发生的动作.请比较： When I got there, they had done the work.当我到达那儿时,他们已经做完工作了. When I got there, they were doing the work carefully. 当我到达那儿时,他们正在认真地做工作. When I got there, they would do the work.当我到达那儿时,他们才做工作.

英语一般将来时态的构成：will+动词原形do，在第一人称时也可以用shall+动词原形do，例如：The students will study at home in the future. People won't use money in the future. We shall have robots in our houses.