固定块拆除英文

高考英语动词及动词短语一、短语动词的构成 英语中的动词,按其构成,可分为单词动词(single-word verb)和短语动词(phrasal verb).短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词.这种动词主要有三种组合形式: 1.动词 + 介词 I agree with (与……看法一致)you on that point. Before long he took to (爱上)a girl student in his class. 2.动词 + 副词 I can't figure out (理解)why he said that. Uncle Tom passed away (去世)many years ago. 3.动词 + 副词+ 介词 We don't go in for (喜欢)that kind of thing. I couldn't put up with (忍受)the noise any longer. 在"动词+副词+介词"的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开. 另外,还需要注意的是,以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配,这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的,试比较: (1) The lights went out. (2) He put on his coat and went out. 例(1)中的went out(熄灭)是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词.例(2)中的went out(出去)不是短语动词,went 是动词,out是副词,作状语.一般说，动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，会有两种情况：一是其应用语境和词义会有不同；二是在同一个释义下，可及物又可不及物。这种情况下，它们的区别在于，使用不及物时，强调主语的特征、性质。简单理解就是，可触及之物，和不可触及之物。能触摸到的是实物，不可触摸的是虚幻的，抽象的概念。give”，I will give…，give的是什么呢，这不完整，说明give是助动词，必须加宾语，可以说I will give you a book.这个give就是及物动词。接下来再举一例，“listen”，I am listening，意思完整，不用加宾语意思就完整，这个词就是不及物动词，不是说不及物动词就不能加宾语，也能加，但是加的时候要加一个介词，如listen to me，一定要加介词。 例如：The children are listening to the music. （listen是不及物动词) we study English everyday.(study是及物动词)二、及物与不及物短语动词 由动词和副词构成的短语动词有的起及物动词的作用,有的起不及物动词的作用.短语动词是及物的还是不及物的主要取决于短语动词的意思.因为,一个短语动词可能具有两个或几个不同的意思,用作某个或某几个意思时可能是及物的,用作别的意思时又可能是不及物的.例如: He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again when he went out. (take off 是及物短语动词) There is often a spectators' balcony at airports, where people can watch the planes taking off and landing. (take off是不及物短语动词) 及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词。 不及物动词，就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词。 The 16th National Book Fair held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（错误） 在表示“举办活动等”时，hold是一个及物动词，要求带宾语；如果不使用宾语，则直接使用其被动语态，可以写成： The 16th National Book Fair was held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（正确）及物不及物的区别:根据动词其后是否带有宾语，分为及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：a．主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须直接接宾语。可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"；"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构。如：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....b．主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语，动词后要加一个介词。只能用与："主＋谓"结构。This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高；举起"。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有：beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说（语言） hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作 三、及物短语动词宾语的位置 1. 名词宾语通常位于这种短语动词之末.例如: I am looking for my glasses. 2. 个别短语动词,其名词宾语必须放在动词和副词之间,不能放在短语动词之后.例如: I am going to see the guests off at the airport this afternoon. 3. 对有些短语动词来说,名词宾语既可放在整个短语动词后面,也可放在动词和介词或副词之间.例如: We'll have to put off the party. 或者We'll have to put the party off. 4. 代词宾语有时位于短语动词的词尾.例如: I am looking into it. 5. 代词宾语更常紧跟在动词之后,代词宾语的这个位置常见于下列介词或副词之前:away, down, in, off, out, up. 四、及物短语动词后接动词宾语的问题 1. 及物短语动词后接动词宾语时,要用该动词的动名词形式.例如: He insisted on buying this car. 2. 有些短语动词后面可接不定式.例如: Most of the members called on the mayor to resign. 3.有的短语动词既可接动名词又可接不定式,但意思差别很大,go on doing 和go on to do就是典型的例子.3. 动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，注意使用上的区别 例如： a. My English has improved a lot. b. My English has been improved a lot. 同样都说“我的英语有了很大提高。”a只描述了事实，并不含有是怎样提高的；而b则会隐含是怎样经过努力提高的。例如： My English has been improved a lot (with the help of a foreign teacher). 回到本文这个作文题目，表达“书市开幕”，使用动词open，就有可能用到其及物和不及物用法，如： The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008. 这里“open”为不及物动词； The 16th National Book Fair was opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008. 这里“open”为及物动词。 英语里的动词，大部分都是兼有及物和不及物用法，在使用中要特别加以注意。 4. 动词兼有其他词性时，在使用上要注意不要引起歧义 有很多动词还具有其他词性，例如： like可以是动词，还可以是介词。例如： I like playing football very much. （like为及物动词） I don’t feel like playing football right now.（like为介词） open可以是动词，还可以是形容词。例如： The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（open为动词） The 16th National Book Fair was open in Tianjin from May 18th, 2008. （open为形容词） 需要注意的是，在使用动词open时，更强调动作，所以对应开幕当天；而要使用形容词open时，更强调状态，所以对应开幕时间段，句子中的介词使用了“from…（to）…” 动词兼有其他词性时，在使用上既要注意不同词性对应出的不同语境，还要注意，由于词性不同，可能词义也不同，不要由于误用引起歧义，闹出笑话。[解题过程] 1、及物动词后面必须接宾语的动词叫做及物动词。有的动词必须接一个宾语，有的必须接两个宾语。 单宾语 He is sreading amagazine. 他正在读一本杂志。 双宾语 MrZhang teaches us English. 张老师教我们英语。 复合宾语必须接一个宾语同时接一个补语 We often hear him sing in the park. 我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。 2、不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不需要接宾语。 例如： The rain stopped. 雨停了。 What happened yesterday? 昨天发生了什么？ 注意：不及物动词没有被动语态。 3、实际上很多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。我举一个例子，就说write。如I am writing.和I am writing aletter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词，在后一个句子write是及物动词。 又如，see是及物动词，但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。及物动词有被动形式（因为被动形式的本质就是把宾语作为主语，所以能加宾语才可能会有被动式）。与之相对，不及物动词不能直接跟宾语，如果要跟宾语必须在病愈之前加上介词。因此，不及物动词没有被动形式。举个例子：give给，要说give sb sth sb sth.都是give 的宾语，因此give在这里是及物动词rise升起The sun rises.后面不加宾语的，所以rise是不及物动词raise提升She raised the gun.她举起枪。枪是宾语，使举的对象，所以raise在这里是及物动词。另外有一点，英语中有不少单词既可以做及物动词也可以作不及物动词的。比如sing等，既可以说sing a song,也可以直接说sb sing一、过去分词用在被动语态时1、把握的关键（1）有些动词既是及物(vt.)又是不及物(vi.)，但表达形式不同其含义也就不同。（2）只有用作及物动词的过去分词才可以构成被动语态。（3）用作不及物动词(vi.)的过去分词不适用于被动语态，通常只能用主动形式表被动的含义，说明主语的性质、状态、特征等。常见的有下列动词：sell, wash , write, read, tear, wear, open, close, shut, lock, begin, start, stop, last, translate, , belong to, iron, smoke, eat, smell, taste, look, fell, sound, appear, turn out, prove, 等。2、示例a. This shirt has to be washed (vt.)and ironed (vt.) every day. But luckily it washes (vi.) well and irons (vi.) easily. 这件衬衫每天都得洗熨，但幸运的是它好洗易熨。 b. The breakfast this morning wan cooked (vt.) enough but eaten (vt.) only a little because it didn’t cooked (vi.) very well and not eaten (vi.) deliciously. 今天的早饭做得多但吃得少是因为做得不好，吃起来不香。c. The story was written (vt.) by Tom .It writes well and reads easily.(vi.) 这个故事是汤姆写的。故事写得好，容易读懂。二、过去分词用作非谓语动词时 （一）先用表格呈现总轮廓 过去分词 vt. vi. 说 明 一般式 1.表被动 2.动作已经完成 1.表主动 2.动作已经完成 只有一种时态和语态形式 否定形式 not + 过去分词 要否定分词所表示的动作，在其前加not 过去分词 短语 过去分词+宾语或状语 过去分词可以和自己的宾语或状语构成分词短语 独立主格 结构 名词/人称代词主格 + 过去分词 只用作状语，即：过去分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语和句子的主语不相一致，就要在前加名词或人称代词主格 句法功能 作定语、宾语补足语、表语、状语 过去分词用作非谓语动词，其作用相当于形容词或副词 （二）根据句法作用理清用法1、作定语 1) 把握的关键： a. 单个的过去分词作前置定语（个别几个过去分词习惯上后置）。 b. 过去分词短语作后置定语。 c. 及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语（即它所修饰的名词）之间是被动关系，强调动作已完成，可以扩展为一个谓语动词是被动语态的定语从句。 d. 不及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系（即：只说明逻辑主语所处的状态、特点、特征等），强调动作已完成，可以扩展为一个谓语动词是主动语态的定语从句。2) 示例a. a repaired car (vt. /前置，动作已完成)= a car which has been repaired 一辆修好了的车子 b. a question discussed yesterday (vt. /后置，动作已完成) = a question which was discussed yesterday 一个昨天讨论过的问题c. the risen sun (vi. /前置，动作已完成) = the sun which has risen 升起的太阳d. the fallen leaves on the ground (vi. /后置，动作已完成) = the leaves which have fallen on the ground 落在地面上的树叶3) 还应注意：某些过去分词脱离了动词特征当作形容词使用作定语时，表示人的心里状态、情感变化等，即：人对事物所产生的心理反应或看法，“人感到……” 。例如：a. the excited boys 这些激动的孩子（= the boys who feel excited 即：孩子们感到激动）b. the surprised look on her face 她脸上吃惊的表情（= people feel surprised when seeing the look on her face 即：人看了感到吃惊的表情）c. an interested man 一个有趣之人（= people think that the man is interesting 即：人们觉得此人很有趣。）2、做宾语补足语1) 把握的关键a. 过去分词作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语就是它的宾语。b. 及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语之间是被动关系，动作已完成。c. 不及物动词只有gone, come, arrived, risen, fallen, left等少数几个动词可以用来作宾语补足语, 并且和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，动作已完成。 2) 示例a. I heard him hit by his father yesterday. （vt./被动）我听说他昨天挨父亲的打了。 b. He had his car repaired. (vt. /被动) 他把车子修好了。c. She fell asleep, without the light turned off. (vt. /被动)她没关灯就睡着了。d. When I got to the station, I found the train gone/left. （vi./主动） 到车站时，我发现火车已开走。3、作表语1) 把握的关键a. 只限于单个过去分词作表语（过去分词短语不作表语）。b. 只有 come, gone, left 等少数几个不及物动词的过去分词可以用来作表语。c. 能用作表语的过去分词已脱离了动词的特征，只当作形容词使用，说明主语的状态，即人对事物的看法以及心理反应等。2) 示例a. The glass is broken. 这个杯子破了。b. He is very excited at the news. 听到这个消息他很激动。c. Hearing the bad news, she felt very disappointed. 听到这个坏消息，她很失望。d. Spring is come, and the weather is getting warmer. 春天来了，天气也暖和了起来。e. My hope is gone. 我的希望破灭了。4、作状语1) 把握的关键a. 过去分词（短语）作状语时，和逻辑主语（句子的主语）之间存在被动关系，所表示的动作在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生或完成。b. 用作状语的过去分词（短语）的逻辑主语要和句子的主语相一致（即：同一个人或物），否则，就要用独立主格结构，或相应的状语从句表达。2) 示例a. Not written interestingly, the book doesn’t sell well.这本书写得没意思，因而销售不畅。（作原因状语。written 的逻辑主语是the story, 存在逻辑上的被动关系；动作在sell之前完成。） 又如：b. Repaired, the car runs very well. （作时间状语）车子修过之后，运行很正常。c. He came into the room, followed by his students. (作伴随状语) 他走进了教室，学生跟随其后。d. Given more time, I can do it better. (作条件状语)如果多给些的时间，我会把此事做得更好一些。e. Warned many times, he didn’t pay enough attention to it. (作让步状语)提醒过他好多次，可他就是对此没有引起足够的注意。f. The work finished, we sat down and had a rest. 工作干完了之后，我们坐下来休息了一会。 （独立主格结构作时间状语。finished的逻辑主语是the work） 再如：g. The thief sat on the ground, his hands tied behind his back. (独立主格结构作伴随/方式状语) 小偷坐在地上，手被绑在背后。h. All considered, you can start the work. (独立主格结构作条件状语)如一切都考虑周全的话，你可以开始这项工作了。3) 还应注意：a. 作状语的过去分词（短语）只为句子的一个成份。因此，和句子的中间不能插入任何并列连词，比如and ,but ,so 等。例如：Told many times, but he didn’t do it well. ( but 使用错误)b. 过去分词（短语）作状语时，还可以在前面加上相应的连词，如：when, while, as, after, before, till, until, if, unless, although, though, even if，even though, once等（但是独立主格结构前再不能加这类连词）；或改写成相应的状语从句（除伴随状语外）。例如：i.（ If ）permitted, we can leave right now. (= If we are permitted, we can leave right now.) 如果许可，我们现在就走。ii.（ When ）heated, ice will be changed into water. (= When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. 冰加热时，就会变成水。iii. (Once) seen, it can never be forgotten. (= Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten. 这东西一旦看到一次，就永远也忘不了。iv. (Although) written for the teachers, the book is also useful to the students. (= Although it is written for the teacher, the book is also useful to the students. 尽管这本书是为老师写的，对学生也有用。

实用英语短语100条1. Off 关 2、 On 打开 ( 放) 3、 Open 营业 4、 Pause 暂停 5、 Stop 关闭 6、 Closed 下班 7、 Menu 菜单 8、 Fragile 易碎 9、 This Side Up 此面向上 10、Introductions 说明 11、Business Hours 营业时间 12、Office Hours 办公时间 13、Entrance 入口 14、Exit 出口 15、Push 推 16、Pull 拉 17、Shut 此路不通 18、One Street 单行道 19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右 20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过 21、Wet Paint 油漆未干 22、Danger 危险 23、Lost and Found 失物招领处 24、Give Way 快车先行 25、Safety First 安全第一 26、Filling Station 加油站 27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟 28、No Photos 请勿拍照 29、No Visitors 游人止步 30、No Entry 禁止入内 31、No Admittance 闲人免进 32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭 33、Parking 停车处 34、Toll Free 免费通行 35、F.F. 快进 36、Rew. 倒带 37、EMS (邮政)特快专递 38、Insert Here 此处插入 39、Open Here 此处开启 40、Split Here 此处撕开 41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理 42、“AA”Film 十四岁以下禁看电影 43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车 44、No U-Turn 禁止掉头 45、U-Turn Ok 可以U形转弯 46、No Cycling in the School校内禁止骑车 47、SOS 紧急求救信号 48、Hands Wanted 招聘 49、Staff Only 本处职工专用 50、No Litter 勿乱扔杂物 51、Hands Off 请勿用手摸 52、Keep Silence 保持安静 53、On Sale 削价出售 54、No Bills 不准张贴 55、Not for Sale 恕不出售 56、Pub 酒馆 57、Cafe 咖啡馆、小餐馆 58、Bar 酒巴 59、Laundry 洗衣店 60、Travel Agency 旅行社 61、In Shade 置于阴凉处 62、Keep in Dark Place 避光保存 63、Poison 有毒/毒品 64、Guard against Damp 防潮 65、Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手 66、Complaint Box 意见箱 67、For Use Only in Case of Fire 灭火专用 68、Bakery 面包店 69 Seat by Number 对号入座 70、Information 问讯处 71、No Passing 禁止通行 72、No Angling 不准垂钓 73、Shooting Prohibited 禁止打猎 74、Keep Dry 保持干燥 75、Protect Public Propety 爱护公共财物 76、Men“s/Gentlemen/Gents Room 男厕所 77、 Women“s/Ladies/Ladies“ Room女厕所 78、Wipe Your Shoes And Boots请擦去鞋上的泥土 79、Ticket Office(or ：Booking Office)售票处 80、Visitors Please Register 来宾登记 81、Occupied （厕所）有人 82、Vacant （厕所）无人 83、Commit No Nuisance 禁止小便 84、Net(Weight) 净重 85、Admission Free免费入场 86、Bike Park(ing) 自行车存车处 87、 MAN：25032002 生产日期：2002年3月25日 88、EXP：25032002 失效期：2002年3月25日 89、 Handle with Care 小心轻放 90、Save Food 节约粮食 91、Save Energy 节约能源 92、Children and Women First 妇女、儿童优先 93、Dogs Not Allowed 禁止携犬入内 94、Road Up. Detour 马路施工，请绕行 95、Reduced Speed Now 减速行驶 96、Keep Away From Fire 切勿近火 97、Luggage Depository 行李存放处 98、Take Care Not to Leave Things Behind 当心不要丢失东西 99、Please Return the Back After Use 用毕放回架上 100、Keep Top Side Up 请勿倒立

首先请说明在什么上用的。。。如果有图的话，就更好了。不然的话，意思相近的词比较多。。

1.to get on : (to enter, board) 【说明：】to get on(搭乘，上车) 动词get的用法很多，常常在后面接用各种不同的介系词或副词而形成意义不同的习语。这里的on是介系词，后面的bus和subway用作它的受词。如果on作副词用，则有进步，相处甚好，与年事已长的意思。 【例：】(1) I always get on the bus at 34th Street.我总是在34街搭乘公共汽车。 (2) William gets on the subway at the same station every morning.威廉每天早晨在同一车站搭乘地下火车。2.to get off : (to leave, descend from) 【说明：】to get off (下车)与上面的get on相反。Get off也有好些其它的意义，如寄出，离开等。下车也可以用alight from或get out of a carriage或motor car, 不过下电车或公共汽车多用get off . 【例：】(1) Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street.海伦在42街下公共汽车。 (2) At what station do you usually get off the subway?你通常在那一站下地下火车？3.to put on: (to place on oneself-said particularly of clothes) 【说明：】to put on (穿，戴)特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼镜也用这个成语。英文中还有wear和dress二字也是穿的意思。可是wear是继续的动作，表示穿着的状态，而put on是一时的动作。下面两个句子都是错的：I shall wear my overcoat before I go out (应用put on). In such cold weather I put on my overcoat all day （应用wear）.dress的意思是 ①put clothes on后面的受词一定是人，如dress a child, dress oneself, be dressed in white, ②put on clothes, vk Get up and dress quickly. （快点起来穿好衣服。） (1) Mary put on her hat and left the room.玛丽戴上她的帽子就离开这屋子。 (2) Why is John putting on his hat and coat?你到这里注册然后下载吧

高一英语下册重点单词和短语Unit 13 Healthy eating本单元重点短语 give advice on 就……提(意见)建议 make suggestions提建议 make a list of 列出一张……单子 have a fever发烧 make up 编(拟定);创设 all the time 一直 be careful with 小心(留神) …… be all right正常;康复 in the future将来 lie down躺下 plenty of大量的 a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力糖Unit 14 Festivals本单元重点短语compare with 与……进行比较 make others happy 使他人幸福快乐learn about 了解 spend on 在……方面花费so that 以便 speak for 为……说话the spirit of ……的精神 commercial activities 商业活动by giving away 以放弃……的方式 have got to 必须instead of 替代 get out of the car 下车get off 下车 take off one's hat 摘下礼帽look into the eyes 直视（某人的）眼睛 shake hands with sb. 与某人握手make friends with 与……交朋友 the living and the dead 生者和死者the cycle of life 生命周期 play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人Unit15 The necklace本单元重点短语fall asleep 人睡；睡着 a dark night in April 四月的一个黑夜a scary place 一个恐怖的地方 create a short play 编一个短剧on one’s way to school 在某人上学的路上 something unusual happened发生了异常的事another normal day 又一个普通的日子 walk towards sb. 朝某人走去don’t look very well看上去气色不好 look older than one’s age看上去比年龄大ten years of hard work 十年的辛劳 only a small cold room to live in只有寒舍一间for the past ten years 在过去的十年里 in a government office在一下政府部门accept an invitation接受邀请 after all 毕竟a man with a lot of money 有钱人 continue to do sth.继续做某事cal on访问；拜访 bring out 取出；拿出a lovely diamond necklace可爱的钻石项链 try it on试戴look wonderful on sb. 戴在某人身上看上去很美 the last moment of happiness最后的快乐时光look down 低头看 rush back to the palace 猛地跑回宫殿without luck不幸运，不凑巧 day and night 日日夜夜pay off 还清 write a scene写一个场景precious stone钻石 take up several jobs找几份工作wear a new ring 戴新戒指 animal products 动物制品play different roles扮演不同的角色 lines written like a dialogue写得像对话的台词of one’s own某人自己的 come up with a very good story编成很好的故事give it a try试一试 take sb. for a ride带某人去兜风a thousand years from now从现在起一千年 be scared 害怕do the same with照……做 rehearse a play排练话剧Unit 16 Scientist at work本单元重点短语in one’s opinion 在某人看来 a waste of … （某方面）的浪费make use of 利用 be famous for … 因……而闻名all over 遍及 make discoveries 发现a number of 一些 a great deal of 大量；许多fasten (tie)… to …把……扎（捆）到……上面 take care 留神；小心protect… from …保护……免受损害 stop…from doing… 阻止……不……tear down 拆掉 be in tears 含着泪花end in 以……告终；结束 such as 如；例如at least 至少;起码 find out 查清楚；弄明白go against 与……对抗 be made up of 由……组成.Unit 17 Famous women本单元重点短语in high position 地位很高 the South Pole南极 the North Pole北极 polar bear北极熊 at the opposite end of 在……对面 pull one’s sled 拉雪橇be about do (do ) 正要（做） be just around the corner 就在附近，即将来临 fall into 掉入 in good health 健康状况良好 stand on one’s left leg 用左腿独立站好 solo travel独自旅行blow away 吹跑；刮走 knock sb. over. 把某人撞倒 refer to 所指；参考 rise to fame 名声大振 the host of a talk show脱口秀主持人 so far 到目前为止in history 在历史上 fight for chances 设法寻找机会 best of luck to you 祝你好运 without a strong plan 没有详细的计划always be the very best 总是做到最好share with与……分享Unit 18 New Zealand本单元重点短语lie to 位于…… be made up of 由……组成 be surrounded by 被……环绕 be famous for 因……闻名 such as 例如 take possession of 拥有……refer to 参考；所指 in relation to 与……有关 be marked with 标有……记号 compare…to…把……比作 stand for 代表 make up 占据空间plenty of 大量；许多 be native to 原产于…… be careful in （在某方面）仔细 prepare for … 为……作准备Unit 19 Modern agriculture本单元重点短语make a decision做决定 over time 长期以来 bring in 引进 be harmful to对有伤害 be friendly to对友好 as well as 也;还depend on依靠 be short of缺少;不足 a variety of种种 instead of代替 go against 违背 year after year 一年又一年next to 隔壁;紧挨 pass on向下传 from generation to generation 一代又一代 at sunset 在太阳落山时Unit 20 Hurmour本单元重点短语tongue twister 绕口令 a couple of 两三个make fun of 取笑，嘲笑 date back to 回溯至make use of 利用某事物（某人） be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好look on…as 把…看作 drive off 把车开走，赶走，击退act a role of 扮演…的角色 roar with laughter 大笑act out small sketches 演小品 in the other direction 在另一方向knock sb. off 把…撞下来 a flow of 连续不断的某事物have sth. in common with 与…有相同之处 play with 玩…even if 即使，纵然 act as 扮演 act out 演出来Unit 21 Body language本单元重点短语 get through 通过，接通 tear down 拆毁 ask for 向……要 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做…… thanks for 感谢…… feel down闷闷不乐 express one’s thoughts and opinions 表达某人的思想和意见 communicate with与……交际 learn about 打听…… spoken language 口语 make a circle 成一圈 from culture to culture 从一种文化到另一种文化 index finger 食指 shake one’s head 摇头 be used to do 被用来做……

高考英语必备词组agree vi.同意;持相同意见I cannot agree with you on this point.在这一点上,我不能同意你的意见。 sb agree with sb 同意某人的话,意见 sth agree with sb 某物,某事适应某人 agree to sb 建议 agree on sth 在某一点上取得一致意见 agree up sth 在某一点上取得一致意见 agree to do sth 同意干某事 break vt.打破;损坏;破坏 We should all take a little break before dessert. 吃甜点之前我们大家应该稍微休息一下。 break down 机器坏了=go wrong 身体垮了/终止谈话 11) I had never seen a grown man break down and cry. 我从未曾看到过一个这么强壮的汉子痛哭失声。 break in 闯入,插话 break off 忽然停止讲话/断绝,结束/暂停工作,休息 break out (战争等)爆发;逃出(无被动式) break through 打破包围 break up 驱散,学校的放学 The police had to employ force to break up the crowd.警察不得不使用武力驱散人群。 break away from 脱离,逃说,与...断绝来往/改变某种习惯 bring vt.拿来;带来;取来 I'll bring some of my pictures into the gallery. 我就带一些我的摄影到艺廊来。 bring about =cause, result in, lead to bring down 使倒下,使下降 bring force 使产生,引起 bring forward 提出建议=put forward/提前 bring in =get in the pops/使得到某种收入 Mr. Li: Oh… would you kindly allow me to bring in h… would you kindly allow me to bring in the civet durian? It is the favorite of my sister.李先生：喔…您能允许我带些榴莲吗？它是我姐姐最喜欢的水果。 bring back to one's mind 使回想起 bring up sb 抚养某人 bring up sth 提出 bring up 呕吐 bring to an end 结束=come to an end call vt.叫喊;打电话给… I'll call the roll before class. 课前我要点名。 call on sb 拜访,号召 call at 访问(某人的家);(火车、船)停靠 call for 需要 And there's a phone call for you, Mr. Bennett. Bennett先生 有你的电话。 call for sb 去接某人一起去做某事 call off 取消(计划,比赛) call out (call out+to sb.)大声地叫 call up sb 打电话 call in 请进来 We'll call in a couple of days. 我们两三天后打电话。 carry vt.携带;运载;传送 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。 carry out 进行到底,贯彻执行 4) Tomorrow, Sandra will carry out the garbage. 明天珊多拉将会收拾垃圾的。 carry out 是成就、完成的惯用语,但在此地,一看便知并非这种意思。可把它想象做从厨房把 garbage 运到外面去。 carry on 进行下去,坚持下去 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。 carry away 拿走,入迷,被...吸引 carry forward 推进,发扬(精神) carry off 抢走,夺走/获得奖品 carry through 进行到底,完成计划 carry sb through 使...渡过难关 catch vt.捉;抓住 vi.接住 We didn't catch anything. 我们什么也没有钓著。 catch up 赶上 33. He shut himself away for a month to catch up on his academic work.他与世隔绝一个月,力图把功课赶上去。 catch on 勾住,绊倒 catch at 想抓住 A drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水者见草也要抓;急何能择。 be caught in the rain 被雨淋 catch up with 赶上某人,补上工作 clear a.清澈[晰]的 vt.清除 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。 clear up (天气)转晴,澄清事实,整理收拾 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。 clear away 清除掉,去掉,消散 clear off 消除(积雪)等障碍,把...拆掉,擦掉,清除 come vi.到来; 变得; 到达 May I come in? 我能进来吗？ come across 偶然发现,偶然遇到 come on 快点(口),开始,到来,举行,走吧,一起去 Oh, come on now. 噢 别这样了。 come at 向...扑过来,向...袭击 7. We may come at another time.我们可以另找个时间来。 come down 倒下,(温度,价格)下降,病倒 come forward 涌现,主动地响应要求做某事 come in 进来,上市 And have you had an engineer come in to do an inspection? 你们可有一个工程师来做过检查吗 come from 来自于 I come from Japan. 我来自日本。 come out 出来,出发,结果 Did Mitchell Johnson's review come out yet? Mitchell Johnson的评论出来了没有 ?come to 苏醒,总共,达到,得到谅解 When will he come to see you? 他什么时候来看你？ come up sb 走进 come up 种子生长发育,被提出 and I'll come up with something. 我会想出个办法的。 come to one's rescuers 帮助 come true 实现 I know, but it's still a dream come true. 我知道 但这终究是一个梦想实现了。 cut v.割,切,削减,切断 they cut patches 剪下布块 cut sth in half 把...砍成两半 cut away 切除 He cut away a dead branch.他砍掉一根枯干的树枝。 cut through 走近路,剌穿 cut down 砍倒,减少,压缩(开支) cut off 切断(关系,来往）,中止(电话,思维) 3. He was cut off from his fellows.他和同伴失去联系。 cut out 删掉/改掉(恶习),停止 in a short cut 诀窍 do v.aux.助动词(无词意) What do you call this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？ do with 涉及到 What are you going to do with the books? 你打算拿这些书怎么办？ do up one's hair 盘起长发 do up sth 包/捆起来 do out 打扫,收拾 do away with =get rid of 废除,去掉,取消 die vi.死亡; 枯死; 熄灭 I will die before I'll eat that carrot. 如果要我吃胡萝卜,我宁愿去死。 dir from 因饥渴,战争,被污染的意外死亡 die off 因年老,疾病而死亡 die away 声音变弱,渐渐消失/停息,消失 die down 慢慢地熄灭(风,火) die out 熄灭,变弱,消失,灭绝(动物) fall vi.落下;跌倒;陷落 to fall 坠下,掉下 fall a sleep 去睡觉=go to sleep fall ill 病了 335. Be careful not to fall ill． 注意不要生病了。 fall across 遇见(偶然) fall back 后退,后撤 fall behind 落后,跟不上 fall in 集合/陷入 29. The necessary outcome of a war is a fall in production.战争带来的必然结果就是生产力下降。 fall into 陷入+名词 A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。 fall off 减少,从...摔下来 to fall off a bench 从长椅上掉下来 fall on 看到,落在...上面 fall short of 缺乏 fall out of 放弃 get vi.变得,成为;到达 When do you get up everyday? 每天你几点起床？ get about 到处走,消息的传开 Don't forget about the bet. 别忘了打赌的事。 get across 穿过,讲清楚使人了解,领会The children began to get across at each other. 孩子们开始争吵了。 get away 逃掉,离开,摆脱 1. I hope to get away early in the morning.我希望一早就动身离开。 get down 从…下来,写下来,记下来,病了/使某人不安 It's time to get down to business now. 是进入正题的时候啦。 get along with sth 进展得 get along with sb 相处 get in 进去,进站,收进来,收帐 Yeah. Yeah. Let's get in our lines. 是啊 是啊。请排好位置。 get off 离开,下车 You can take the bus and get off at the second stop. 你可以坐公共汽车第二站下。 get on 上车 157. Don't get on my nerves!（不要搅得我心烦。） get out 拔出,传开 I need to get out more. 我需要多出门去。 get over 克服(困难),从病中恢复过来,不接from Yes, I know, but he'll get over it. 是的 我知道 过一下就会好的。 get around =spread 传开 get through 完成,通过,用完,从人群中通过,接通电话 11. It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.我们的海关检查只花了几分钟时间。 get to 到达,抓住问题的要害,本质 Excuse me, how can I get to the bus station? 对不起,汽车站怎么走？ get together 聚会,联欢 92. Let's get together one of these days.（找一天聚聚。） get in a word 策划 get into trouble 陷入 get rid off 摆脱,去掉 give vt.给出,赋予,发生 If you have more, please give me some. 如果你有多的,请给我。 give away 分发,赠送,颁发,背叛,出卖,暴露 give in 屈服 give off 放出(气体,光) 15) Those flowers look pretty but don't give off a nice smell. 这些花看似漂亮,但是气味并不好。 give out 使人筋疲力尽 7) Some restaurants give out an odor that reaches to the street. 一些餐厅里面的气味飘到了街上。 odor 是指比 scent 更浓更清楚的味道。 give up 放弃,停止做某事 455. He resolved to give up smoking． 他决心戒烟。 give over 让位于=give way to被取代 give away to 被取代 give rise to 引起,导致From mutual understanding, a comfortable situation has been creation. 由于彼此的了解,因而建立了愉快的关系。create 除了"创造"以外,还有"give rise to, cause"的意思。 go vi.离开; 移动; 运行 I have to go now. 我必须走了。 go bad 变坏;变酸;腐败 go red 变红 go hungry 挨饿 go wrong 出错;发生故障 go about 随便走/进行 33. Could you please inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer?请您告诉我怎样去联络律师？ go after 追赶 go ahead 说吧,走吧,做吧(口语),走在前面 Good.now we can go ahead and write up the order. 好极了,现在我们可以准备下单了。 go at 从事于 go beyond 超出 It can go beyond the school system, Ellen. 这可以推广到学校体制以外 Ellen。 go by =pass 经过,过去 76. He let a week go by before answering the letter.他一周以后才回信。 go down 下降 I'll go down to Henry's grocery. He's always open. 我到亨利杂货店去。那里总是开门营业的 go into 进入 Yes, you're right. After all, she is smart enough to go into business.是啊,你说的对。毕竟,她完全有经商才智。 go off 消失,腐败,坏的 go out (火)熄灭,过时了,罢工 Why not go out for a walk? 干吗不出去散步？ go over 复习,检查 to go over to the construction site with me? 去看一看建筑工地吗 go through 审阅/经历了(痛苦,困难),完成 Would you like to go through our factory some time? 什么时候来看看我们的工厂吧？ go up 提高,上涨(价格) I can go up to the lodge for some hot dogs and drinks. 我可以到那边小屋去弄些热狗和饮料来。rise up 起来反抗 He that lies down (sleeps) with dogs must rise up with fleas. 与恶人交终会变恶;近朱者赤,近墨者黑。 go around 分配,传播,传开 OK, let's go around the table. 好 让我们顺著桌子来。 go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事 go back to 追溯到… I'll work for 5 years and then go back to school. 我会工作五年,然后会学校。 go with 相配=match=go along with They had excepted me to go with them. 他们原本希望我和他们一起去。 go well with 协调 Salesgirl: Sure. We have both skirts and trousers that would go well with the sweater. Look to this section.女店员：当然。我们有裙子和长裤都可以配那件毛衣。看看这边。 go too far 太过分了,走太远了 hold vt.怀有,持有(见解等) No, the restaurant will hold our table. 不会 餐厅会保留我们的席位。 hold up 主持,耽搁,延误,继续下去,拿起 hold back 阻挡,忍住,保留,隐瞒 hold down 控制,镇压=put down hold off 延误,保持距离,使"疏远" hold on 坚持下去,停止,别挂(电话) He gave them to me to hold on to them 他给我戒指 要我自己保管 hold out 坚持到胜利,支持,维持,伸出 hold to 坚持某个看法（路线）,紧紧地抓住 OK, hold to the right. 好 在右边停住。 hunt vt.追猎;追赶 vi.打猎 He that will have a hare to breakfast must hunt overnight. 早餐想吃野兔肉,头晚就须去捕捉。 hunt for 寻找 hunt out 找出来 hunt throw 翻找 keep vt.保存,保持;留住 We keep in touch with each other by Email since he left China. 他离开中国以后,我们用Email保持联系。 keep to 坚持某种习惯,遵循,靠(左右) 8. In England traffic must keep to the left.在英国,车辆必须靠左行驶。 keep back 留在后面,阻止,忍住 keep down 控制,下降,缩减开支 keep off 避开,远离,让开 keep out 使其等在外面,不让进入 keep up 保持,维持,鼓足勇气 keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事 keep sth from sb 把某事瞒着某人 keep up with 跟上 knock vi.&vt.&n.敲,击,打 174. Why don't you knock it off? 为什么不把它关掉？ knock into sb 撞到某人身上;偶然遇到 knock sth down 降低价格,拆除,缩减开支 knock off 下班,停工,很快地写出文章 knock sb up 匆匆做饭,敲门把某人叫醒,使某人疲倦 knock at 敲(门) 6.Yhere was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.（有人敲门,那是那天晚上打扰我的第二个。） knock sb up 把某人叫醒 know vt.知道;认识;通晓 Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗？ know about 了解,知道情况 How much do you know about the works of George Eliot? 乔治•艾略特的作品你知道多少？ know of 听说,知道为什么 be know for sth 以...出名 as known to all 众所周知 lay vt.放,安排,铺设,覆盖 and lay them face down. 将牌盖住。 lay aside 放在…一边,积蓄 lay down 放下,制定计划 lay emphasis on sth 强调 lay down one's life for 为...献出生命 lay out 布置;设计 lay off 解雇 leave v.离开，留下leave alone 不要管(某人),不要碰(某物) leave behind 遗留,遗志 leave off (使)停止;中断 leave out 删掉,漏掉 leave over 剩下的,暂时不去解决的 lay in 积蓄,储蓄 36. We have to play inside because it is raining.因为天下雨,我们不得不在屋里玩。 let vt.容许,使得,假设 Rose, let me introduce my friend to you. 罗斯,让我介绍一下我的朋友。 let alone 不要管,不碰,更不用说 let down 放下(窗帘),失望 let off 燃放鞭炮,放掉蒸汽,放过某人 let out 放掉气,发出响声,泄露 look v.看,期待 n.外观,神色 Yes, but you look as pretty now, as you did then. 但你看起来还是那么漂亮。 look after 照料 61. It's very noble of you to look after my old grandmother when I was out for business.你心地真好,在我出差期间照顾我年迈的外婆。 look at 看 May I have a look at the watch? 我能看看这块表吗？ look back 回顾 look in 顺便来访=drop in I don't know. You may look in the TV Guide. 我不知道,你可以看看《电视报》。 look into sth 调查,了解某事,浏览(书报) look on as 把...看作... look out 小心,当心,向外看 look around 到处看 Well ... you mind if I look around 嗯……你们不介意我到处瞧瞧 look over 审阅,翻阅 Yes, so we had better look over your specifications. 是的,所以我们最好先把您的规格说明细看一遍。look through 浏览,仔细地检查 look to 负责,留意 The more women look in their glass,the less they look to their house. 妇女照镜越多,照管家务就越少。 look up (从词典中)找出,天气转变,物价上涨,仰视 to look up 仰视 look up to sb 尊敬某人 look down on sb 轻视某人 look down upon sb 轻视某人 look forward 期待 I look forward to seeing you and Harry and Michelle. 我等著见 Harry和Michelle。 make n.(产品)来源 vt.制造 It's really hard to make a decision. 挺难做决定的。 make for 有助于,向…走过去 make out 辩认出,理解,开(写)支票,假装 make up 构成 I am old enough to make up my own mind. 我已经长大了,可以自己拿主意了。 make up for 补偿 make up of 由...组成 make phone of 嘲笑,和某人开玩笑 make the best of 充分利用 make certain 弄清楚 make up one's mind 决定,下决心 make up one's minds 决心,下决心 make tea 泡茶 801. She intends to make teaching her profession.她想以教书为职业。 make coffee 冲咖啡 make off 逃跑,匆匆离开 open a.开的;开放的 vt.开 Does the shop open at 9 am on weekdays? 这家店平日是早上9点开门吗？ open to the public 向公众开放The town gardens are open to the public from sunrise to the sunset daily.市立公园每天从早到晚对公众开放。 open traffic 通车 open into 门打开后通向 open to 道路通向 The road bridge is now open to traffic.这座公路桥现在开放通行。 open up 开垦 open fire on sb. 向某人开火 open out 打开,转开 pass v.通过 n.经过;通行证 Even if you take the exam again, you won't pass it. 就算再考一次你也通不过。 pass away 消磨(时间) to pass away 去世,死（委婉的说法） pass by 从某人身边经过,过去 304. Don't let chances pass by． 不要让机遇从我们身边溜走。 pass off 消失,顺利地进行 pass for 冒充,假扮 pass on 传下去 pass through 经历 We don't like them to pass through here. 我们不希望汽车通过这里。 pick n.风镐;牙签 v.凿;摘 ;挑选I pick up my sister from her school. 我到学校接妹妹。 pick out 挑选,认出(某人),领会 pick up 捡起来,中途把某人装上车,恢复健康 I pick up my sister from her school. 我到学校接妹妹。 pull v.拖,拔, 扯 n.牵引 to pull a trailer 拖汽车房屋（电影中经常见到） pull down 拆掉,推掉,使身体虚弱,使价格降低 pull off 脱衣帽 pull off a plan 实现计划 pull out 拔出,离开,度过难关,恢复健康 to pull out of the garage 从车库开车出来 pull throw 渡过难关,使从病中恢复过来 pull up 车子停下,拔起(树、草) put v.放;移动;使穿过;写 Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗？ put away 放下,收起来,把…放在原位 595. He has a nice sum of money put away． 他存了一大笔钱。 put aside 把放在...留出(时间),备用 put back 放在原处,推迟,延期 52. When the others had gone, Mary remained and put back the furniture.当其他人走了之后,玛丽留下来,将家具放回原处。 put down 镇压,写下来 He put down his glass.他放下杯子。 put forward 提出,提前,提供 put in 提交,申请(+for) All is not gain that is put in the purse. 装进钱包里的不一定都是正当的收入。 put off 推迟,延期,打消,关上 71. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今日事今日毕。 put on 穿上,上演 put on a bit of makeup. 我化一点妆。 put through 接通电话 put out 扑灭,关灯,生产,出版 Far water does not put out near fire.远水救不了近火。 put up 张贴,留某人过夜,建造 if we can put up some collateral. 如果我们能提供担保物的话 put into production 把...投入生产 put into use 投入使用 put one's heart into 全心全意投入 run v.(使)跑 n.赛跑;路线 He can run as fast as Jim. 他跑的和吉姆一样快。 run across 穿过(跪道),偶然遇到 run after 追赶 to run after the gentleman 追求绅士 run away 逃走,失去控制 to run away from his sister 从他姐姐那儿逃走（发生了什么事情？） run down 身体虚弱,电用完了 run into sb 碰到某人 run for 竞选 Why shouldn't you run for what, Mom? 为什么 不该竞选什么 妈妈 run out 用完 Well, I suppose I've run out of excuses. 噢 我想我再也找不出籍口了。 run over 匆匆浏览 run through 穿过,匆匆看一下,做完 Let's just run through the arguments for and against. 我们来看一下赞成和反对的理由。 run a risk of =at the risk of 冒...险 run a fever 发烧 run short of 缺乏 see vt.看见;遇见;看出 Hello. Can I see Mr. Green? 你好,我能见格林先生吗？ see sb off 为某人送行,解雇 see into sth 调查,了解某事 see about 负责处理 5. I'll have to see about that.这事儿我得想一想再定。 see through 看穿某人 see sth through 进行到底 see to get that 务必要 send vt. vi.送,寄发;派遣 To make it fast, you can send a fax. 要想快点的话就发个传真。 send for 派某人去请,去叫某人 send off 发出,寄出 send sb off =see sb. off 为某人送行,解雇 send out 发出,发射 send in 交上去,递送 send on 转交 I can send one for you to try. 我们可以寄个给你试用。 set vi.(日,月)落,vt.放 We are going upstairs to set up Grandpa's room. 我们要上楼收拾一下爷爷的房间。 set about sth 着手做某事 set about doing sth 着手做某事 set out 出发,开始做某事,陈述 24. After several delays, he finally set out at 8 o'clock.几经耽搁,他终于在八点钟出发了。 set apart 分离,流出 set aside 流出,宣布…无效 In that case ,I'll have some set aside for you. 既然这么说,我会为你留一些下来。 set down 放下,写下 set off 出发 set up 建立 We are going upstairs to set up Grandpa's room. 我们要上楼收拾一下爷爷的房间。 set fire to 放火烧 set an example for 为某人树立榜样 start vi.跳起;出发;开始 What time do you start work? 你什么时候开始工作？ start from 从...开始 start with 就此开始 to schedule one hour a week--to start with.安排一星期一个小时。 start in 开始 start after sb. 追赶上某人 start off 动身出发 start out 着手进行 start up 开工,突然站起来 at the very start 一开始 take vt.耗费(时间);需要 I used to take a walk in the early morning. 我过去常一大早出去散步。 take away 拿走,离开 20. I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday.我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。 take back 拿回来 take back one's words 收回(刚讲的话) take A for B 把A误认为是B take in sth 接受 take in sb 欺骗 take off 起飞,取消 Before gold,even kings take off their hats. 在黄金面前,国王也要脱帽。 take on 呈现,承担 The U.S. will take one route, the Japan take other. 美国和日本采取不同的新路径。 take on sb 雇用 take up 占据(时间,地方),从事于 take pride in =be proud of 引以为豪 take turn 轮流 take in turn 依次 take pains to do 努力做某事 take a chance 碰运气 take a lead 带头 take effect 生效 take charge of 负责 take one's leave 告辞 think v.思考;认为;想起 Yes, I think so. 是的,我认为是。 think about 考虑,关心 What do you think about it? 你对此怎么看？ think of 想起,记得,觉得怎样 What do you think of their skill? 你觉得他们演奏技术如何？ think of as 把...当作... think over 仔细考虑 think out 想出,解决了,想清楚 think back to 回想过去 think well of 高度评价 think highly of 高度评价 throw v.投射;摔倒 n.投掷 to throw a plane 抛（纸）飞机 throw about 到处扔 throw away 扔掉,浪费(金钱),失去(机会) throw back 扔回来,阻止,进攻 throw down 扔下来,推翻 within a stones throw off 靠...很近 throw in 扔,扔进 throw into 扔,扔进 throw in a word or two 插一两句话 throw off 匆忙地脱掉,摆脱,扔掉 throw off one's airs 放下某人的架子 throw on 匆忙穿上 throw out 赶走 Don't throw out the baby with the bath water. 切勿良莠不分一起抛。 throw light on 提供线索,有助理解某事 throw one's self into 投入 throw cold water 泼冷水 turn v.转向,旋转 n.轮流 Open your books and turn to page 20. 打开书,翻到第20页。 turn back 翻回到+to turn down 拒绝,音量调低 turn up 音量调高,出席 L: You can fill in this lost property report, and I'll keep my eye out for it. Those kinds of things usually turn up eventually, but I suggest you contact your embassy and tell them about your situation, so they can issue you a new passport in ca