七下英语常考结构

一、 一般现在时 1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式） 4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 6.例句：. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words..[编辑本段]二、 一般过去时 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式 4.否定形式：主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.[编辑本段]三、 现在进行时 1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen 3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其他 4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.[编辑本段]四、 过去进行时 1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他 4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写） 6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.[编辑本段]五、 现在完成时 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他 4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他 5.一般疑问句：have或has。 6.例句：I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.[编辑本段]六、 过去完成时 1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc. 3.基本结构：主语+had + p.p（过去分词）+其他 4.否定形式：主语+had + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。 6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 基本结构：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他 ①肯定句：主语+ had+p.p（过去分词）+其他 ②否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p（过去分词）+其他 ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p（过去分词）+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句[编辑本段]七、 一般将来时 1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主语+will/shall + do+其他 4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ；主语+will/shall not do+其他 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.[编辑本段]八、 过去将来时 1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语：The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 3.基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+其他；主语+would/should + do+其他 4.否定形式：主语+was/were/not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there .[编辑本段]九、将来完成时 1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 2.时间状语：by the time of; by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来） 3.基本结构：主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p（过去分词）+其他 4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.[编辑本段]十、现在完成进行时 1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。 2.基本结构：主语+have/has +been +doing+其他 3.时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。 4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour. The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.[编辑本段]十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.[编辑本段]十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing.十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.

一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + （that） + 主词 + have ever + seen （ known/heard/had/read， etc） ~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + （that） + 主词 + have ever + seen （ known/heard/had/read， etc） 例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。 二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。） 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 四、There is no denying that + S + V ……（不可否认的……） 例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道……） 例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫无疑问的……） 例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （……的优点是……） 例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create （produce） any pollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （……的原因是……） 例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此……以致于……） 例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be， S + V~~~ （虽然……） 例句：Rich as our country is， the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 十一、The + ~er + S + V，~~~the + ~er + S + V ~~~ The + more + Adj + S + V，~~~the + more + Adj + S + V~~~（愈……愈……） 例句：The harder you work， the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。 The more books we read， the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。 十二、By +Ving， ~~ can ~~ （借着……，……能够……） 例句：By taking exercise， we can always stay healthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。 十三、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （……使……能够……） 例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ （我们绝对不能……） 例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 十五、It is time + S + 过去式 （该是……的时候了） 例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 十六、Those who ~~~ （……的人……） 例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 十七、There is no one but ~~~ （没有人不……） 例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学。 十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不……） 例句：Since the examination is around the corner， I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。 十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的） It is obvious that + 句子 （明显的） It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的） 例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 二十、That is the reason why ~~~ （那就是……的原因） 例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式……（过去……年来，……一直……） 例句：For the past two years， I have been busy preparing for the examination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。 二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。 例句：Since he went to senior high school， he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。 二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ （……是值得的。） 例句：It pays to help others.帮助别人是值得的。 二十四、be based on （以……为基础） 例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的） 例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 九大简单基本句型 一、简单句的九大基本句型 1. “主语 + 谓语”（即“主谓”句型） 这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明“某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。 例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning. 分析：“他们”（主语）“到了”（谓语动作）。 The earth turns around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。 2. “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”（即“主谓宾”句型） 这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。 例：I study English. 分析：“我”（主语）“学习”（谓语动作）“英语”（宾语即动作涉及的对象）。 I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。 3. “主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”（即“主谓双宾”句型） 这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁（间接宾语为人）做某事”，或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。 例：Our teacher taught us English. 分析：“我们的老师”（主语）“教”（谓语动作）“我们”（间接宾语）“英语”（直接宾语）。 4. “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”（即“主谓宾补”句型） 这一句型说明“某人或某物要求（使、让）某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。 例： He asked her to go there. 分析：“他”（主语）“要求”（谓语动作）“她”（宾语即动作涉及的对象）“去那里”（补语—补充说明宾语应做什么）。 5. “主语 + have + 宾语”（即“拥有”句型） 这一句型主要用于说明“某人或某物拥有什么（宾语，即有形或无形的资源）”。 例： You have a nice watch. 你有一块漂亮的手表 分析：“你”拥有一块漂亮的手表，即你拥有一个可以及时且漂亮的器具。 6. “There + be + 主语+ …”（即“存在”句型） 这一句型用以说明“在某地或某时存在某人或物”。 例：There is a bird in the tree. 在树上有一只鸟。 分析：“在树上”（地点）“有一只鸟”（存在物）。 7. “主语 + 系动词+ 表语”（即“主系表”句型） 这一句型用以说明“某人（某物、某事、某种概念）具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。常用的联系动词有be, keep，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。 例： I am a teacher. 我是一名老师 分析：“我”（主语）“是”（系动词）“一名老师”（表语—即表明主语的身份）。 She felt very tired. 她感觉到很累。 He became an engineer.他成为了一名工程师。 You look pale today, are you ill? 你今天脸色看起来苍白，病了吗？ 8. 比较句型 这一句型用以比较物质甲与乙之间的异同。 1） 相等比较: …as + 形容词/副词原级 + as…; …as + 形容词+名词 + as… 例：He is as rich as John.他和约翰一样富有。 例：He has as much money as she does.他和她的钱一样多 2） 劣等比较： …less + 形容词/副词原级 + than … 例：He is less careful than she. 他没她细心。 3） 优等比较：…+ 形容词/副词比较级 + than… ； …the + 形容词/副词比较级 + of the two… 例：She is more careful than he.她比他细心多了。 例： He is the cleverer of the two boys.两个男孩中他更聪明些。 4）最高级：the + 形容词/副词最高级（单数名词或one）+ ｛of(among) + 人或物｝ ｛in + 场所｝ 例： He is the tallest in the class.他是班上最高的。 9. “it + is/was + 形容词 + to do/从句”（即评价句型） 这一句型用于说明“某一动作或事情属于什么性质或具有什么特征”。即对某一动作或事情进行评价。（这里it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to do 结构或 that 从句） 例：It is important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语很重要。 分析：本句重在说明“学习一门外语”（to learn a foreign language）这一动作的性质是“重要的”。

七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?一．重点句式：1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from2 Where does he live?3 What language(s) does he speak?4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French.6 Please write and tell me about yourself.7 Can you write to me soon?8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.二．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French2 France------ French------French3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English5 the United States------ American---- English6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office?一． Asking ways: (问路) 1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪里？2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告诉我去……的路吗？3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎样到达……呢？4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪条是去……的路？二．Showing the ways: （指路）1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）三．词组1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市3. between……and…… 在……和……之间between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.课室前面有棵树。in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.课室内的前部有张桌子。5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边7. go straight 一直走8. down /along…… 沿着……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……11. take /have a walk 散步12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端in the beginning 起初，一开始13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.I had a good time yesterday.I enjoyed myself yesterday. 14. have a good trip 旅途愉快15. take a taxi 坐出租车16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.reach +地方 17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Streetat + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street三．重难点解析1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。（if：如果）If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?一. 交际用语1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.4. What other animals do you like?I like dogs, too. Why?Because they’re friendly and clever.5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.6. She’s very shy.7. He is from Australia. 8．He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.10．Let’s see the pandas first.11．They’re kind of interesting.12．What other animals do you like? 13．Why do you want to see the lions?二. 重点难点释义1、kind of 有点，稍微Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。kind 还有“种类”的意思如：各种各样的 all kinds ofWe have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。There are many kinds of tigers in China.There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。The people in Chengdu are very friendly.4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起I usually play chess with my father.注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：My father and I usually play chess together.Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”I often play with my pet dog.Don’t play with water!5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。通常说in the day, during the day, at night。Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.6、leaf n. 叶子复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,knife—knives等。7、hour n. 小时；点钟hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”， 即：an hour。There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.8、be from 来自…be from = come fromPandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much meatHe eats much meat every day.10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。There is much grass on the playground.四. 语法知识特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？How are you? 你好吗？How old are you? 你多大了？How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：Who is on duty today?今天谁值日？Which man is your teacher?哪位男士是你的老师？我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。例如： I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？ Unit 4 I want to be an actor.一．短语：1 want to do sth 想要作某事2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home5 in the day 在白天6 at night 在晚上7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.9 in a hospital 在医院l10 work/ study hard 努力工作11 Evening Newspaper 晚报二．重点句式及注意事项：1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式① What + is / are + sb?② What + does/ do + sb + do?③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?2 People give me their money or get their money from me.3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.4 I like talking to people.5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.6 Where does your sister work?7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.三．本单元中的名词复数1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves