机械类英语短文

What is Hydraulic? A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, no parts and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into the village of force control valve, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories. Hydraulic principle It consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called "hydraulic press"; the said oil-filled "hydraulic machine." Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascal's law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI,Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. "By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2 Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel. History of the development of hydraulic And air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascal's principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the world's first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved. World War I (1914-1918) after the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century Constantine (G • Constantimsco) fluctuations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic transmission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of development. The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japan's hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, "Hydraulic Industry." Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japan's fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader. Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general workers. Plastic processing industry, machinery, pressure machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel industry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil water projects with flood control the dam gates and devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions; speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship deck crane (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valves, such as the stern thruster ; special antenna technology giant with control devices, measurement buoys, movements such as rotating stage; military-industrial control devices used in artillery, ship anti-rolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devices.

【The specific material selected for a particular dies or mold is normally determined by the mechanical properties necessary for the proper operation of the dies and molds. The final choice of materials for die and mould depends on the customers. The performance and economic factors of the materials are considered.】对于模具或型模的恰当使用非常必要的机械性质，决定了一个特殊的模具需要选择什么特别的材料。最后模具或型模材料的选择将取决于顾客的需求。性能因素和经济效益因素都会被考虑其中。【Two principal materials for dies and molds are cold work tool steel, such as carbide steel ,alloy tool steel ,carbon tool steel, high alloy steel, high carbon steel, low carbon steel ,shock resistance tool and so on.】两样最重要的模具材料就是冷作钢和工具钢，像硬质合金钢、合金工具钢、碳工具钢、高合金钢、高碳钢、低碳钢、抗冲击性能工具等等。【The characteristics of a material include physical and mechanical properties. They are weight , thermal and electrical conductivity, rate of thermal expansion , and melting point .The mechanical properties of a material are those properties which can be permanently altered by thermal or mechanical treatment .They are strength hardness ,wear resistance, brittleness, plasticity , ductility malleability, and modulus of elasticity.】一种材料的特性包含了物理和机械两种性能，包括它们的重量、导热性、导电性、热膨胀率和熔点。一种材料的机械性能就是那些能够永久地被热性能和机械处理所改变的性能。而这种改变就是通过强度、硬度、耐磨性、脆性、可塑性、延展性、可塑性和弹性模量等维度来实现的。【Die steels are hardened and tempered and wear resistance, high hardness, sufficient anti-impact strength. Mold streets are hardened and tempered and heat resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance.】铁模钢通过回火处理才具有耐磨、硬度高、抗冲击强度大的特点。模具钢则通过回火处理具有了耐热、耐腐蚀和耐磨的特点。【Die and mold steels are used as deep-drawing dies, stamping dies, extrusion dies, piercing dies ,bending dies ,pressure die-casting dies ,forming dies and thermoplastic and thermosetting molds.】模具或型模钢被用作深拉模、冲模、挤压模、冲孔模、弯曲模、压力压铸模具,成型模具和热塑性塑料、热固性模具等模具的制作使用。祝你学习进步，更上一层楼！ 不明白及时追问，满意敬请采纳，O(∩_∩)O谢谢~~

制造模具或型模的材料一般是由机械特性所决定的，这些机械特性是为了正确操作模具或型模而必不可少的。最终选定哪种材料取决于客户，需要兼顾性能和成本因素。制造模具或型模的主要材料是冷作工具钢，例如碳钢，合金工具钢，碳工具钢，高合金钢，高碳钢，低碳钢，抗震钢等。材料的特性分为物理特性和机械特性，包括：重量，导热性和导电性，热膨胀速度，熔点。材料的物理特性是指通过热力或机械处理后，可让材料发生永久性变化，包括：强度和硬度，耐磨性，脆性，可塑性，延展性，可锻性，以及弹性模量。模具钢坚硬，经过回火处理，耐磨，硬度强，抗冲击力较强。型模刚坚硬，经过回火处理，有耐热，耐腐蚀，耐磨损的特点。模具或型模钢广泛应用于拉伸成型模，冲压模，挤压模，冲孔模，弯曲模，压力压铸模，成型模，热塑型膜，热固型膜。

学科：工学 门类：机械类 专业名称：机械设计制造及其自动化 业务培养目标：本专业培养具备机械设计制造基础知识与应用能力，能在工业生产第一线从事机械制造领域内的设计制造、科技开发、应用研究、运行管理和经营销售等方面工作的高级工程技术人才。 业务培养要求：本专业学生主要学习机械设计与制造的基础理论，学习微电子技术、计算机技术和信息处理技术的基本知识，受到现代机械工程师的基本训练，具有进行机械产品设计、制造及设备控制、生产组织管理的基本能力。 毕业生应获得以下几方面的知识和能力： 1．具有较扎实的自然科学基础、较好的人文、艺术和社会科学基础及正确运用本国语言、文字的表达能力； 2．较系统地掌握本专业领域宽广的技术理论基础知识，主要包括力学、机械学、电工与电子技术、机械工程材料、机械设计工程学、机械制造基础、自动化基础、市场经济及企业管理等基础知识； 3．具有本专业必需的制图、计算、实验、测试、文献检索和基本工艺操作等基本技能； 4．具有本专业领域内某个专业方向所必要的专业知识，了解其科学前沿及发展趋势； 5．具有初步的科学研究、科技开发及组织管理能力； 6．具有较强的自学能力和创新意识。 主干学科：力学、机械工程。 主要课程：工程力学、机械设计基础、电工与电子技术、微型计算机原理及应用、机械工程材料、制造技术基础。 主要实践性教学环节：包括军训，金工、电工、电子实习，认识实习，生产实习，社会实践，课程设计，毕业设计(论文)等，一般应安排40周以上。 Subject: Engineering Categories: machinery Professional Title: mechanical design and manufacturing automation Business training objectives: We have the professional training of mechanical design and manufacturing of the basic knowledge and ability in the front line to engage in industrial production in the field of machinery design and manufacturing, science and technology development, applied research, operation management and sales operation in areas such as the work of the senior engineering Personnel. Business culture: students mainly study of the mechanical design and manufacture of the basic theory, the study micro-electronics technology, computer technology and information technology to deal with the basic knowledge, by the modern mechanical engineer basic training with a mechanical product design, manufacturing and control equipment , The basic organization and management of production capacity. Graduates should be given in the following areas of knowledge and ability: 1. Have a more solid foundation for the natural sciences, humanities better, arts and social sciences and the basis of the right to use their own language, the text of expression; 2. More systematic grasp of the broad field of technology-based theory of knowledge, including mechanics, mechanics, electrical and electronic technology, materials, mechanical engineering, mechanical engineering design, machinery manufacturing base, automated basis, the market economy and enterprise management Basic knowledge; 3. This has the necessary professional mapping, calculation, experiment, test, document retrieval process and fundamental operation of the basic skills; 4. This has a particular expertise in the field of professional direction by the necessary expertise, their understanding of science and cutting-edge trends; 5. With a preliminary scientific research, technological development and organizational management capabilities; 6. A strong sense of self-learning ability and innovation. Trunk disciplines: mechanical, mechanical engineering. The main course: mechanical engineering, mechanical design basis for electrical and electronic technology, and the principle of micro-computer applications, engineering materials, manufacturing technology-based. The main practical aspects of teaching: including military training, metal work, electrical, electronic training, awareness training, production training, social practice, curriculum design, graduate design (paper), and so on, the general should be more than 40 weeks.------------自己翻译的,希望能够帮得到你.

The specific material selected for a particular dies or mold is normally determined by the mechanical properties necessary for the proper operation of the dies and molds. The final choice of materials for die and mould depends on the customers. The performance and economic factors of the materials are considered.Two principal materials for dies and molds are cold work tool steel, such as carbide steel ,alloy tool steel ,carbon tool steel, high alloy steel, high carbon steel, low carbon steel ,shock resistance tool and so on.The characteristics of a material include physical and mechanical properties. They are weight , thermal and electrical conductivity, rate of thermal expansion , and melting point .The mechanical properties of a material are those properties which can be permanently altered by thermal or mechanical treatment .They are strength hardness ,wear resistance, brittleness, plasticity , ductility malleability, and modulus of elasticity.Die steels are hardened and tempered and wear resistance, high hardness, sufficient anti-impact strength. Mold streets are hardened and tempered and heat resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance.Die and mold steels are used as deep-drawing dies, stamping dies, extrusion dies, piercing dies ,bending dies ,pressure die-casting dies ,forming dies and thermoplastic and thermosetting molds.具体材料选定特定的模具或模具通常由机械模具和模具的正确操作所需的属性。模具材料的最后选择取决于客户。审议了性能和材料的经济因素。两种主要材料的模具是冷作模具钢，如硬质合金钢、 合金工具钢、 碳素工具钢、 高合金钢、 高碳钢、 低碳钢、 休克抵抗工具等等。一种材料的特点包括物理力学性能。他们是重量、 热和电导率、 热膨胀系数和熔点的速度。力学性能的一种材料是可以热或机械治疗永久性地改变这些属性。他们是强度硬度、 耐磨性、 脆性、 可塑性、 延展性延展性和弹性模量。模具钢硬化和回火和耐磨、 高硬度、 足够的抗冲击强度。模具街道硬化和回火和耐热、 耐腐蚀和耐磨性能。模具钢用来深拉伸模、 冲压模、 挤压模、 冲孔模、 弯曲模、 压铸模、 成形模具和热塑性塑料和热固性模具压力。

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