海明威生平英语

欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威，外文名，Ernest Miller Hemingway 欧内斯特·海明威1899年7月21日出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市奥克帕克，他在瓦隆湖接受了洗礼仪式。海明威的童年时光大多在瓦隆湖的农舍中度过，小时候喜欢读图画书和动物漫画，听各类型的故事。喜欢模仿不同的人物，对缝纫等家事亦很感兴趣。 1913年到1917年间，接受高中教育的海明威，学业、体育上成绩优越，在英语方面天赋突出。在初中时，为两个文学报社撰写文章的他有了首次的写作经验。升上高中后，他更成为了学报的编辑。高中毕业之后，拒绝入读大学的海明威，以18岁之龄到了在美国举足轻重的《堪城星报》（Kansas City Star）当记者，正式开始了他的写作生涯。在《堪城星报》工作了6个月的过程中，海明威受到了良好的训练。 1918年，不顾父亲的反对的海明威，辞掉了记者一职，并尝试加入美国军事以观察第一次世界大战的战斗情况。海明威由于视力缺陷导致体检不及格，只被调到红十字会救伤队担任救护车司机。前往意大利前线途中，他在德国炮火轰炸之下的巴黎逗留。他并没有在安全的旅馆停留下来，反而尽量接近战场。海明威在意大利前线目睹了战争的残酷：米兰附近的一座弹药库爆炸，一个临时停尸场中的女尸多于男尸，令海明威极为震惊。1918年7月8日，海明威在输送补给品时受伤，并把意大利伤兵拖到安全地带，被意大利政府授予他银制勇敢勋章。后来，海明威在米兰一个美国红十字会的医院工作。他早期小说《永别了，武器》的创作灵感来源于此。海明威把自己当作小说中的主人公，进行本色创作。 1920年，海明威迁往安大略省多伦多，居于公寓。居住期间，在《多伦多星报》找到工作的海明威他成为自由作家、记者和海外特派员，并结识了星报记者莫利·卡拉汉（Morley Callaghan），建立友谊。 1920至1921年间，在芝加哥北部附近居住的海明威为一所小报社工作。1921年，海明威娶了他的第一任妻子——哈德莉·理察逊（Hadley Richardson），并在9月迁到了芝加哥北部的三层公寓居住。到12月，海明威一家迁出国外，再没有回到那里居住。在巴黎安顿的海明威，给星报进行关于希土战争（1919年－1922年）的采访。回到巴黎之后，安德森引导了海明威参与“巴黎现代主义运动”。 1923年，海明威的处女作《三个故事和十首诗》，在巴黎出版。海明威的第一个儿子出生后，由于要支持整个家庭的开支，海明威辞去多伦多星报的工作。 1925年，短篇故事系列《在我们的时代里》出版，显示出简洁的写作风格。1926年，海明威的小说《太阳照常升起》出版。1927年，海明威与哈德莉·理察逊离婚，另娶第二任妻子宝琳·费孚（Pauline Pfeiffer）。 并出版《没有女人的男人》。 1928年，海明威离开了巴黎，居住在美国的佛罗里达州和古巴，过着宁静的田园生活。他经常去狩猎、捕鱼、看斗牛。在陆续几年中，海明威的二儿子与三儿子出生。 1931年，海明威迁往基韦斯特（他在那里住的房子现为博物馆），并为《午后之死》和《胜者一无所获》积累素材。1932年，《午后之死》出版。尊奉美国建筑师罗德维希的名言“越少，就越多”，使作品趋于精炼，缩短了作品与读者之间的距离，提出了“冰山原则”，只表现事物的八分之一，使作品充实、含蓄、耐人寻味。 1933年秋天，海明威随一队狩猎的旅行队到了非洲，他根据在非洲的见闻和印象，于1935年出版了《非洲的青山》《乞力马扎罗山的雪》《弗朗西斯·麦康伯短促的幸福生活》。 1937年至1938年，他以战地记者的身份奔波于西班牙内战前线。在第二次世界大战期间，他作为记者随军行动，并参加了解放巴黎的战斗。在此期间，海明威写的散文《告发》于1969年附《第五纵队与西班牙内战的四个故事》出版。1940年，海明威与费孚的结束婚姻，在这段期间，身体健康问题接踵而至，对海明威造成很大困扰。同年，海明威发表了以西班牙内战为背景的反法西斯主义的长篇小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》， [3] 1950年，以二战后的威尼斯为背景的《过河入林》出版，马尔克斯就曾表示：“没有《过河入林》，就没有《老人与海》。” 1941年底太平洋战争爆发后，海明威立即将自己的游艇改装成巡艇，侦察德国潜艇的行动，为消灭敌人提供情报。上世纪90年代中期，前克格勃人员亚历山大·瓦西里耶夫获准进入苏联情报机关档案馆。结果他惊讶地发现，海明威竟然曾于1941年被招募为克格勃间谍，代号：阿尔戈。可惜没有天分，没有获得任何有价值的情报。1944年，海明威随同美军去欧洲采访，在一次飞机失事中受重伤，但痊愈后仍深入敌后采访。第二次世界大战结束后，他获得一枚铜质奖章。1948年，海明威与玛莎离婚，并与战时通讯记者玛丽·维尔许·海明威（Mary Welsh Hemingway）结婚，不久重返古巴。 1961年7月2日，海明威在爱达荷州用猎枪结束了自己的生命，享年62岁。

欧内斯特·米勒·海明威（Ernest Miller Hemingway，1899年7月21日－1961年7月2日），出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市郊区奥克帕克，美国作家、记者，被认为是20世纪最著名的小说家之一。

海明威的一生之中曾荣获不少奖项。他在第一次世界大战期间被授予银制勇敢勋章；1953年，他以《老人与海》一书获得普利策奖；1954年的《老人与海》又为海明威夺得诺贝尔文学奖。2001年，海明威的《太阳照样升起》（The Sun Also Rises）与《永别了，武器》两部作品被美国现代图书馆列入“20世纪中的100部最佳英文小说”中。

1961年7月2日，海明威在爱达荷州凯彻姆的家中用猎枪自杀身亡。

海明威的创作特点：

海明威有着出色的语言驾驭能力，他常以最简单的词汇表达最复杂的内容，用基本词汇、简短句式等表达具体含义，用名词、动词来揭示事物的本来面目，丝毫无矫揉造作之感。从句式上看，海明威常用简短的陈述句进行语言表述，他认为没有必要用文字修饰雕琢来哗众取宠，只要将事物描述清楚就行，其他的则由读者来决定。

如对《老人与海》中老汉用鱼叉制伏大鱼的情景，作者描述为“老人放下钓索，把鱼叉举得尽可能地高，使出全身的力气，加上他刚才鼓起的力气，把它朝下直扎进鱼身的一边”。在这些描述中作者没有使用任何修饰成分，只是将动词、名词简单组合就描绘出了一场惊心动魄的场面。

在这种质朴无华的文字中，人们可以感受到深刻的艺术境界与艺术底，这种质朴的语言也使海明威的作品具有了更多的亲和力与真实性。

参考资料：百度百科-海明威

Ernest Hemingway was born on 21st July 1899 in Oak Park, Chicago. The second of six children. He was born at eight o'clock in the south front bedroom of 439 North Oak Park Avenue. His grandfather's house. He weighed a healthy nine and a half pounds and measured twenty three inches tall. At seven weeks old he was taken to Bear Lake, to the shorefront property that his father, Dr Ed Hemingway had purchased the summer before. It was not until October 1st, on his parent's third wedding anniversary that he was christened, Ernest Miller Hemingway at the First Congregational Church. In his first year he experienced the pleasures of life on the shore at Bear Lake and at three he had caught his first fish. His mother described him at three and a half years of age as: " Ernest Miller is a little man - no longer lazy - dresses himself completely and is a good helper for his father. He wears suspenders just like Papa. Is very proud to be a member of Agassiz (a nature study group organised by his father). He counts up to 100, can spell by ear very well. He likes to build cannons and forts with building blocks. He collects cartoons of the Russo-Japanese War. He loves stories about Great Americans - can give you good sketches of all the great men of American History" He sounded, even then, like an exceptional child. When Hemingway was six, his grandfather died and the Hemingway family left his grandfather's house (and the house Ernest Hemingway was born in) and moved to a corner lot at 600 North Kenilworth Avenue and Iowa Street. It was an eight bedroomed, three storey house, with an office for his father, where he could conduct his medical business. It was a strict household, no enjoyment was to be taken on Sunday, the Lord's day. This was to be spent in church and pursuing religious interests. Disobedience was punished by a few lashes from a razor strap administered by Hemingway's father, or a hairbrush from his mother. Ernest's mother taught all her children music and creativity and took them to concerts, art galleries and operas. Ernest's father taught his children to love nature. To build fires, to cook in the open, how to use an axe, how to tie wet and dry flies, how to make bullets, how to prepare birds and small animals for mounting. He insisted on the proper handling of guns, rods and tackle and he taught Ernest physical courage and endurance. Ernest's winters were spent in Chicago, his summers at Bear Lake. It was on his twelve birthday he was given a present of a single barrel 20 gauge shotgun. Ernest loved to dramatize everything. He made up stories in which he was invariably the swashbuckling hero. He was also now singing regularly at the Third Congregational Church and was making his first attempts at writing. On reaching adolescence Ernest had developed into a 'well rounded' young man. 'Afraid of nothing' appeared to be his motto. He loved nature and he sought scrupulously to uphold the code of physical courage and endurance and he had a determination to 'do things properly'. He attended high school at The Oak Park and River Forest Township High School. Academically he was good at English but uninterested in most other subjects. He learnt to box and it was said there was a streak of bully in his nature, after he learnt the power of his fists. He took up canoeing and he wrote articles for the school's weekly newspaper.

Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris, as well as the veterans of World War One later known as "the Lost Generation", as described in his posthumous memoir A Moveable Feast. ("'That's what you are. That's what you all are,' Miss Stein said. 'All of you young people who served in the war. You are a lost generation.'" Stein had overheard a garage owner use the phrase to criticize a mechanic.) He received the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Hemingway's distinctive writing style is characterized by economy and understatement, in contrast to the style of his literary rival William Faulkner. It had a significant influence on the development of twentieth-century fiction writing. His protagonists are typically stoic men who exhibit an ideal described as "grace under pressure." Many of his works are now considered canonical in American literature.