英语从句概述ppt

首先要清楚的了解句子的成分，即在句子中什么是主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等，举个例子：we are Chinese，we是主语，are是表语，Chinese是宾语。这是简单的句子，主语表语宾语都是只有一个词，而所谓的从句就是句子的某个成分由短语或句子构成，这个短语或句子在句子中属于什么成分，它就是什么从句，举个例子：That light travels in straight lines is known to all （众所周知，光沿直线运动）That light travels in straight lines在句子中做主语，所以这个句子是主语从句。（我是这样理解的）从句有名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句（我就学过这三种）。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。形容词性从句即定语从句。副词性从句即状语从句。个人觉得只要弄清句子成分就可以很好判断出从句类型。

你可以依据这些内容做一个PPT文件，自己用更方便内容提示： 状语从句状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句的状目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句从句 1 .时间状语从句1)由连词when, while, as, as soon as, before, after, since, till/ until等引导。�6�1 主句用将来时， 从句常用一般现在时表将来I will tell him when he comes back. 2)while, when, as辨析While引导的时间状语从句只指一段时间，强调某一段时间内， 主从句动作同时发生。 从句动词常是延续性的When既可以指一个时间点,也可以是一段既可以指个时间点,也可以是时间， 可表示主从句的动作同时或先后...状语从句状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句的状目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句从句 1 .时间状语从句1)由连词when, while, as, as soon as, before, after, since, till/ until等引导。• 主句用将来时， 从句常用一般现在时表将来I will tell him when he comes back. 2)while, when, as辨析While引导的时间状语从句只指一段时间，强调某一段时间内， 主从句动作同时发生。 从句动词常是延续性的When既可以指一个时间点,也可以是一段既可以指个时间点,也可以是时间， 可表示主从句的动作同时或先后发生。 从句动词可以是延续性的， 也可以是非延续性的。As强调主句、 从句动作相并发生,译为” 一边…一边…”段 When he returned , his wife was cooking.While he was reading, his wife was cooking.He hurried home, looking behind as he went . 对比训练 1____ he heard this, he got very angry. 2. I met Lucy____ I was walking along the river.3. ____ a child, he lived in the countrysidecountryside.A. when B. while C. as 另外, when/while还作并列连词,连接并列分句,while表示 “而,可是” 如:I like reading while my wife enjoys watching TV.when表示 “就在这时” 在下列结构中， 表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生， 另一动作同时发生。1.be about to do… when…2.be doing… when…3.had done… when…e.g. We were about to start when it began to rain.I was playing computer games when mom came in. while的用法小结 ：①While I was walking down the street, Icame across an old friend. ( while=_______)②He likes pop music, while I am fond offolk music. ( whilefolk music. ( while③While I really don’t like art, I find hiswork impressive. (while=___________)whenwhenbutbutalthoughalthough We were about to leave____ it began to rain.2. She thought I was talking about her son, ____, in fact, I was talking about my son.3. Hardly had I finished my composition ____ the bell rang.A. when B. while C. as D. during 3)until/till(不用于句首)“延续的动词（肯定式） +until ”表示“直到…为止”I waited for him until he came back.“非延续性动词（否定式） +until ”表示“直到才”“直到┅才”He didn’t go to bed until he finished his work.注意: not until 在句首时要倒装Not until he saw it himself did he believe it. 4)表示“一…就…”的句型(1)as soon as, once, the moment/ minute/ second, immediately/ directly/ instantlyAs soon as he comes, I’ll tell him.The moment I saw him, I recognized him.I l ft idi t l thI left immediately the clock struck 5.(2)on / upon doing / on (upon) one’s +nOn arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a famous person.lk tk 5 (3)no sooner… than/ hardly… when / scarcely… whenNo sooner had they reached home than it started to rain.Hardly had I entered the room when the telephone rangtelephone rang. 5)Every time, each time等也可以引导时间状语从句Every time I caught a cold , I had pain in my head. 连接词before的小结：1. We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2. We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.4. Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.“……“……才”才”“ “不到不到…………就”就”“ “还没来得及”还没来得及”It will be a long time It will be a long time beforeIt won’t be long It won’t be long beforeIt is / has been two years It is / has been two years sincesthsth. .before………before…since sbsb did did 1 1） 句型） 句型It will be/wasIt will be/was＋段时间＋“ “还要过多久才还要过多久才……” 如：如： It will be two years It will be two years before the country.the country.2 2） 句型） 句型It will be/was notIt will be/was not＋一段时间＋“ “不多久就不多久就……”……”如：如：It wasn’t two years It wasn’t two years beforecountry.country.＋段时间＋before………” before he leaves before…he leaves ＋一段时间＋before…before…before he left the he left the y y 一、 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时， 则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起” 。 如：He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校自从他来到我们学校， 他学习就非常努力。We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里， 我们就一直很想念他们。他学习就非常 二、 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时， 则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起” 。 如：I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词， sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来” 时， 这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音” 。John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约， 他不当教师已经三年了。 How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开（没住在） 上海多久了 延续性； 不… 多长时间了It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团（不当团员） 半个月了。It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。比较比较： He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来， 他屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词）He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来， 他就屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词） ’ll let you know ____ he comes back.A. before B. becauseC. as soon asD. althoughIt is about ten years _____ I met you last.A.since B. forB.C. whenD. asB.C. when D. as____ we got to the station, the train had left already.A.If B. UnlessC. Since D. When We didn’t go home _____ we finished the work.A. since B. until C. because D. thoughIt was not ______ she took off her dark glasses ______ I realized she was a ffiltAfamous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; thenhth tB. He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. wheWhy didn’t you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room____I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. UnlessDid you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 2. 让步状语从句引导词有：although, though, even if/though, as , while（尽管） whether…or…( 无论…还是… ),whoever= no matter whowhoever= no matter who whenever= no matter whenwhatever= no matter whatwherever= no matter wherehowever= no matter how 1)as 引导的让步从句要倒装， 句型为：形容词/ 副词/ 名词（不带冠词） / 动词（原形） +主语+谓语Young as he is, he knows a lot.Much as I like it, I can’t afford it.Farmer as he is he is well-educatedFarmer as he is, he is well-educated.Try as I might, I couldn’t lift the stone.2） although不倒装，不倒装, as 必须倒装though可倒装也可Although/Though he was ill he didn’t stop working. 3） no matter +疑问句引导让步状语从句No matter what happened, he shouldn’t mind.=Whatever happened, he shouldn’t mind.No matter who you are, you should obey the social rules.=Whoever you are, you should …oe e you a e, you s ou d4) whether …orWhether you believe it or not, it is true.whether… or…不管…还是…a. Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned. B.Whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time. 1 、difficult it was. A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 2、 The old tower must be saved, ______the cost. A． however B． whatever C． whichever D． wherever 对比训练 3 1 . Child ____ she is, she know a lot.2. He did the experiment ____ he was told.3. The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not ____ good.A. during B. as C. so D. thoughE. both B and CHe tried his best to solve the problem, ___ 3. 地点状语从句引导词有: where, whereverI’ll follow you wherever you go.Where there is a will , there is a way.注意： 不要混同于where 引导的定语从句注意： 不要混同于where 引导的定语从句(有志者， 事竟成）与定语从句的区别： where引导定语从句，从句前有一个表示地点的名词。Go back where you came from.Go back to the village where you came from. When you read the book ,you 'd better make a mark ___ you have any question. A at which B at where C the place where D whereWhen you read the book ,you 'd better ymake a mark at the place _____ you have any question.A which B at whereC the place where D wherey 4. 原因状语从句由because, since, now that, as引导。(1). because 语气最强， 用来回答why提问，可用在强调句型中,引导的从句表示直接的、根本的原yin It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us.(2).Since语气比because弱， 表示关系上的自然结果， 一般译成“既然， 鉴于” （往往放于主句之前） 表示显然的或已知的原表示显然的或已知的原因因..Since no one is against it ,let’s carry out the plan.（既然没人反对, …) (3).as语气最弱， 只说明一般的因果关系（可放于主句之前， 也可放于主句之后）Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking today.与与sincesince没多大区别(4).for也可以表示原因， 不是说明直接原因， 而是对某种情况加以推倒， 用于表示补充说明理由补充说明理由。He must be ill, for he is absent today.(5).now that用来说明一种新情况， 然后加以推理， now that放于句首时， that可省略。Now ( that) everybody is here, let’s begin.没多大区别 ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.A With B Since C While D AsA. With B. Since C. While D. AsHe took off his coat _______ he felt hot.A. because B. as C. if D. since 5. 目的状语从句引导词： in order that, so that(为了 ） ,for fear that , in case,谓语动词常含有can, could, may, might, will, would等情态动词。I’ll speak slowly so that everybody can understand me.He wrote the name down for fear that( in case) he would forget. in casein case与与for fear thatfor fear thatI will have to stay at home this evening I will have to stay at home this evening ______________ my teacher comes.______________ my teacher comes.in casein casebecause of the possibility of because of the possibility of sthsth happeninghappeningStudents of Class 13 are working hard Students of Class 13 are working hard theses days _________________ they theses days _________________ they might fail the exam.might fail the exam.for fear thatfor fear thatto avoid the danger of to avoid the danger of sthsth happeninghappening Ann listened carefully _____ she could discover what she needed.A. such thatB. in order thatC. becauseD. even though11 . I hurried ____ I wouldn’t be late for class.AiBA. sinceB. so thatC. as ifD. unlessth t 6. 结果状语从句：引导词有： so…that, such…that, so that常用句型：1)so+ adj. (adv.) + that2)so+ adj + a (an) + n +that2)so+ adj. + a (an) + n. +that3)Such +a (an) +adj. + n. + that4)Such +adj. + n (s) +thatHe spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him.It was such a good day that we all went swimming. He left in ___a hurry ___he forgot to lock the door.A. such, that B. so, that B.C. such, as D. so, when.Farmers rotate (轮作) their crops _____ the soil will remain fertile.A. so that B. because of C. in order to D. rather thanIt was ____ a hundred people looked lost in it.A. so large a room that B. so large roomC. a such large room D. such large a roomHe has ____ little education that he can’t teach ____ little children. A. so; such B. too; such C. a; so D. very; so 7. 条件状语从句1. 由if, unless(= if not), so/ as long as(只要), suppose/supposing(假设，如果), in case(以防), on condition that, only if , if only引导。e g You may use the room as long as youe.g. You may use the room as long as you clean it up afterwards.2.“祈使句+and/ or/ or else/otherwise”引导的结果句， 祈使句在实际意义上相当于条件状语从句。Use you head, and you will find a way.Get up now, or you will be late. 1 、 The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. A． as long as B． while2、It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health. A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if unless 相当于 if not， 意思是“除非…”“如果不…就…”。 这也是高考的热点之一。 复习时也应给予高度重视。1 、 _____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 2、 I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ________ I have to wait. A． in caseB． so that C． in order D． as if C． if D． even though 8. 方式状语从句引导词有: as(如同 ), as if/though (好像)They are talking as if (as though) they were old friends.注意：注意：as， like 都表示“像” ，as 是连词 ， 后加句子like 是介词， 后加名词、 代词、 名词短语I work as others do .I work like others. 9.比较状语从句由as… as, not as/ so…as, than, the more… the moreHe ran as far as he could.The harder you try, the better you will understand. 四. 状语从句的时态问题问题1：1、 The house could fall down soon if no one______ some quick repair work. A has doneB is doingdone 2、 It is almost five years _______ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when 在条件， 时间和让步从句中， 用一般现在时表示一般将来时， 用现在完成时表将来完成时， 用一般过去时表过去将来时。 在 since 引导的时间状语从句中， 动词一般都用一般过去时， 而主句常用现在完成时。C doesD had 五、 状语从句的倒装问题问题1：1、 So difficult _____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel2、 Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况： ① 否定词开头； ② so 加 adj. 开头； ③ as / though引导的让步状语从句。Hardly had he got to the station when the train left.No sooner had he got to the station than the train left.Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages.