1人工深水航道英语

圣劳伦斯河为加拿大的安大略省与美国的新纽约州的天然边界。圣劳伦斯河水流湍急，通航比较困难。18、19世纪时，曾建造水闸、挖掘运河，以求克服这些天然的障碍，并和陆地中央的五个大湖——苏必利尔湖、安大略湖、伊利湖、休伦湖、密执安湖相衔接。但运河依然太浅、太窄，不适于大型货轮的使用。

1954年，重新整治圣劳伦斯河的两个国际计划正式付诸实施。这一计划包括：新运河的挖掘、老运河的浚深、新桥梁的建造、水电站的建造、水坝、水闸的修筑，以及河道上一些城市的搬迁等等。

1959年4月，这条人造的深水航道终于竣工。全部工程耗资达4亿7千万美元。同年6月由英女王伊丽莎白二世及美国总统艾森豪威尔揭幕，正式交付使用。这一水道从蒙特利尔至安大略湖，全长304公里，2万吨级的巨轮可从北大西洋航行到达圣劳伦斯河口，横越大湖，抵达位于苏必利尔湖边的明尼苏达州的杜鲁兹。

加拿大是西方七大工业国家之一。制造业和高科技产业较发达，资源工业、初级制造业和农业亦是国民经济的主要支柱。2009年《福布斯》全球上市公司2000强，加拿大有69家公司上榜，排名第五，次于法国。加 郁金香节以贸易立国，对外资、外贸依赖很大，经济上受美国影响较深。2003年，受疯牛病、非典型性肺炎和美元贬值等因素影响，加经济全年增长率仅为1.7%。通货膨胀和利率保持低位。财政收支已连续7年取得盈余。高债务、高失业率仍是制约加经济发展的主要因素。资源加拿大地域辽阔，森林和矿产资源丰富。矿产有60余种，镍、锌、铂、石棉的产量居世界首位，铀、金、镉、铋、石膏居世界第二位。铜、铁、铅、钾、硫磺、钴、铬、钼等产量丰富。已探明的原油储量为80亿桶。森林覆盖面积达440万平方公里，产材林面积286万平方公里，分别占全国领土面积的44%和29%；木材总蓄积量为172.3亿立方米。加领土面积中有89万平方公里为淡水覆盖，淡水资源占世界的9%。工业2003年加制造业总产值1759.82亿加元，占国内生产总值的14.5%；从业人员229.4万，占全国就业人员的14.57%。建筑业总产值548.97亿加元，占国内生产总值的4.8%，从业人员93.14万，占全国就业人员的5.91%。近几年主要工业产品产量如下：汽车（万辆） 237 234.9 227.6原油（亿立方米）1.29 1.37 1.44天然气（亿立方米) 1793.26 铁矿砂（万吨） 2696.1 3090.2 3321.4煤（万吨） 7046.9 6660.8 6212.9镍（万吨） 18.4 18 15.3铅（万吨） 14.7 10.1 7.8金（万公斤） 15.7 15.2 14银（万公斤） 123.5 135.2 127.6铜（万吨） 61.4 58.4 54.3铀（万公斤） 1.299 1.286 0.99发电量（亿度） 5420 5309.35 5151.88（资料来源：2004年4月份加拿大经济观察）农牧业2003年农、林、渔业总产值229.38亿加元，占国内生产总值2.26%。其中农业总产值106.19亿加元。主要种植小麦、大麦、亚麻、燕麦、油菜籽、玉米等作物。可耕地面积约占国土面积16%，其中已耕地面积约6800万公顷，占国土面积8%。2003年，农业人口33.95万人，占全国就业人口的2.16%。加渔业发达，75%的渔产品出口，是世界上最大的渔产品出口国。近几年主要农作物产量如下（单位：万吨）： 2002小麦 2690 2571.7 2128.2 1568.99大麦 1319.6 1338.83 1135.49 728.26燕麦 364.13 338.38 276.92 274.88油菜籽 879.83 692.73 506.2 357.71亚麻籽 102.24 70.74 70.23 67.94玉米 916.13 682.67 817.08 906.532003年畜牧业总产值为39.88亿加元，牲畜存栏数如下：牛1466万头，猪1455.8万头，羊99.7万只。服务业加服务业近年发展较快，2003年产值为6970.17亿加元，约占当年国内生产总值的68.8%，从业人口1175.99万人，占当年全国总劳动力的74.68%。旅游业加旅游业十分发达。据世界旅游组织统计，加在世界旅游组织收入最高国家中排名第九。2003年，旅游收入226.66 布查特花园亿加元，占国内生产总值的1.87%。接待外国游客3890.27万人。直接从事旅游服务业的人数56.14万人（2001年）。主要旅游城市有温哥华、渥太华、多伦多、蒙特利尔、魁北克市等。交通运输交通运输发达，水、陆、空运输均十分便利。具体情况如下：铁路铁路总长49427公里（2002年）。2003年货运量2.34亿吨。公路目前全国高速公路和普通公路总长140万公里。横贯加拿大的高速公路(法语：Route Transcanadien；英语：Trans Canada Highway)长7725公里，于1971年全线通车，从太平洋东岸的维多利亚直到大西洋西岸纽芬兰的圣约翰斯，是全世界最长的国家级高速公路。2003年全国注册车辆总数2466.54万辆。水运圣劳伦斯运河深水航道全长3769公里，是世界最长的运河，船舶通航可从大西洋抵达五大湖水系。全加共有25个大的深水港和650个小港口。最大的港口是温哥华港，年吞吐量达7000万吨。空运约有商业飞机4500架，经核准的机场共886个，主要机场68个，包括多伦多、温哥华、卡尔加里和蒙特利尔等国际机场。2001年客运量约595.09亿人公里，货运量约14.2亿吨公里。管道运输输送石油、天然气与水的管道总长196000公里，是世界第二长的管道系统。财政金融联邦政府近3年财政预算情况如下（单位：亿加元）：2000/2001 2001/2002 2003/2004 2004/2005收入 1872支出 1833赢余 171 0 10 392003年7月黄金储备约合1.1亿美元。联邦外汇储备总额为307.98亿美元。2003年，联邦债务总额约5264.92亿加元，占国内生产总值43.35%。主要银行（0）加拿大银行(Banque du Canada/Bank of Canada)：加拿大唯一发钞银行。（1）加拿大皇家银行（Banque Royale du Canada/Royal Bank of Canada）：成立于1869年，最大的民营银行。2003年资产总值达4130亿加元。（2）加拿大帝国商业银行（Banque Canadienne Impérial de Commerce/Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce）：由加拿大商业银行（1867年成立）与加拿大帝国银行（1875年成立）于1961年6月1日合并而成，2003年总资产为2771.47亿加元。（3）加拿大蒙特利尔银行（Banque du Montréal）：成立于1817年，为加第三大银行。2003年总资产为2610亿加元。（4）加拿大道明信托 （TD Canada Trust）：现加拿大网点最多银行，总部位于多伦多。（5）加拿大丰业银行（Banque de Nouvelle-écosse/ScotiaBank）（6）加拿大国家银行 （Banqie nationale du Canada/National Bank of Canada）（7）加拿大汇丰银行（HSBC Canada）其他著名银行包括：劳伦特银行（英语：Laurentien Bank，法语：Banque Laurentienne） 加鼎银行（法语：Caisses Populaires Desjardins） 加拿大汇丰银行（英语：HSBC Bank Canada）温哥华城市银行（英语：VanCity） 加拿大宏利银行（英语：Manulife Bank of Canada，法语：Banque Manuvie du Canada） 总裁金融首选（英语：President's Choice Financial，法语：Services financiers le Choix du Président） 加拿大中国银行（英语：Bank of China (Canada)) 加拿大东亚银行对外贸易加经济对外贸依赖严重，商品出口占国内生产总值的41%。2003年对外商品贸易额为7425.69亿加元。最近几年外贸情况如下（单位：百万加元）：出口额 413109.8 410686.5 401187.9进口额 350502.8 356109.3 341381.3差 额 62607 54577.2 59806.6（资料来源：加拿大统计局）主要出口汽车及零配件、其他工业制品、林产品、金属和能源产品；主要进口机械设备、汽车及零配件、工业材料、其他消费品及食品。主要贸易对象是美国、日本、欧盟国家。2003年对美出口占加出口总额的82.52%。对外投资2002年，加在海外总资产为9833.22亿加元，其中直接投资为4318.19亿加元。2003年，加对华投资新设立企业901个，协议金额16.1亿美元，实际投入5.64亿美元。截至2003年底，加在华投资企业累计6941个，协议金额119.87亿美元，实际投入39.22亿美元。对外援助加总理克雷蒂安2003年承诺，2010年前，将加对外发展援助总额增加1倍。2004～2005年度，加官方对外发展援助总额为31亿加元，主要受援国家和地区有：阿富汗、非洲地区、印度、中国和印度尼西亚等。外国资本2002年，外国在加拿大总资产11673.29亿加元，其中直接投资3493.88亿加元。与中国往来较多的著名公司和经济团体（1）北电网络公司（Nortel Networks Corp.）：创建于1895年，主要从事城域网和企业网络、无线网络和光纤长途网络及设备服务。2003年营业额98.1亿美元。总裁兼首席执行官威廉·欧文斯（William Owens）。地址：8200 Dixie Road, Suite 100 Brampton, Ontario L6T 5P6 Canada。（2）庞巴迪公司（Bombardier Inc.）：成立于1942年，总部设在魁北克市，主要业务为设计、开发、制造及销售与交通运输有关的器材、设备、产品。2003年营业额为211.89亿加元，总资产291.24亿加元。董事长：博杜安（Laurent Beaudoin）。地址：800 Renelevesque Blvd. West，Montreal，Que.，Canada，H3B 1Y8。（3）鲍尔公司（Power Corp. of Canada）：主要由德马雷家族控股的公司，从事广播电视、出版、金融、采矿、房地产等业务，总资产1826.4亿加元，2003年营业额157.47亿加元。董事长：保罗·德马雷（Paul Jr. Desmarais），总裁兼首席执行官：安·德马雷（Andre Desmarais）。地址：751 Square Victoria，Montreal，Quebec，Canada，H2Y 2J3。（4）加中贸易理事会（Canada-China Business Council）：成立于1978年，是加拿大的一个非赢利性民间机构，宗旨是推动和促进加拿大与中国之间的贸易和投资。总部设在多伦多。董事会主席：彼得·克鲁依特（Peter Kruyt）。总裁：贝祥（Howard Balloch）。网址：

大海 [dà hǎi] oceanseawayocean ['əuʃən]n.1.海洋2.洋3.一大片，广阔，无垠，无际4.许多，大量5.[书面语]大海seaway ['si:wei]n.1.海上航道2.(船只的)前进，航行3.波涛汹涌的海面4.公海5.内河深水航道

sea大海，海洋。ocean表示大洋

The Three Gorges Project is in the present world the biggest hydroelectric power station, also is the Chinese biggest project.It is middle and lower reaches comprehensive program of public order Yangtze River prevents floods a question crucial measure.And has at the same time the electricity generation, the shipping, the irrigation, supplies water and develops the storehouse district economy and so on the huge synthesis economic efficiency, to speeds up our country modernization advancement, enhances the comprehensive national strength to have the vital significance. Speaks of the Three Gorges Project to be supposed to construct, I thought this is not an absolute question, we should the rational analysis and know the Three Gorges Project in our country to the country, the people, the development, the construction and so on various aspects advantages. First, lets us have a look Three Gorges Project the construction the economic efficiency and the environment benefit which brings to us. First, flood prevention.Middle and lower reaches the reservoir flood prevention storage capacity 22,150,000,000 cubic meters, can upstream the active control enter the plain flood, as soon as meets for hundred years to meet the flood, may in not use the Jingjiang fenhongqu in the situation to control the Chingjian section of river the current capacity in the margin for safety, as soon as met the millennium to meet the flood or 1870 the flood, might control the Zhicheng station current capacity not to surpass for 80000 cubic meters/seconds.Relieves the Yangtze River middle reaches flood threat, prevented the Chingjian section of river has the ruinous disaster most effective measure. Second, electricity generation: The power plant installed capacity 17,680,000 kilowatts, the average year power rate 84,000,000,000 kilowatt-hours, may supply power Central China, East China as well as the eastern Sichuan province area.Approximately may substitute the coal 50,000,000 tons every year, may reduce the above local the coal transportation pressure, and may reduce the environmental pollution which because the thermal power coal-burning causes. Third, shipping: After the Three Gorges Project completes, the reservoir backwater forms 660 kilometer long deep water routes, may improve the Chongqing following route condition.As a result of the rapids submergence, the navigation deep increase, the slope changes slow, the speed of flow reduces, the ships transportation efficiency obviously will enhance, the transportation cost may compare at present to reduce 35%~37%, will will certainly to accelerate vigorously the Yangtze River shipping enterprise development. Fourth, environment benefit: Affects mainly in the middle and lower reaches, is advantageous attracts preventing and controlling in the middle and lower reaches which the blood insect gets sick, reduces Dongting Lake petty and the silt siltation, middle and lower reaches the increase the dry season current capacity, the improvement dry season water quality, the adjustment local climate then, again lets us have a look the Three Gorges Project the construction the question and the disadvantageous influence which brings with us. First, Three Gorges Project construction brings the influence to the environment.And completes along with the Three Gorges Project construction comprehensive advancement, upstream the water level lifting, causes the Yangtze River coast big area land to flood, some species will no more; The downstream water level reduces, the discharge of water will reduce, causes the downstream climate also to appear the change.After the Three Gorges Project completes upstream Yangtze River the velocity of flow to slow down relatively, upstream the silt siltation and the soil erosion question will become an important question to need to be supposed to be right.As a result of artificial to natural environment transformation, causes some natural living thing chain to have the destruction, affects the vegetation, the influence ecology positive cycle, displays specially in affects general to the macroclimate to forecast with difficulty. Second, the Three Gorges Project to our country financial resource is a significant test.The Three Gorges Project takes a grand project, not only needs new technical the support, needs in the financial resource the safeguard. Third, the Three Gorges Project also caused our country to lose many invisible and the tangible asset, more scenic spot and historic resort are submerged, the tourist resources destruction was serious, large quantities of cultures accumulated along with the Three Gorges big immigration implementation no more. Fourth, the Three Gorges Project has become the Western country attention the main object.The Three Gorges Project is the Western country aims at our country strategy facility the essential target.Once the Three Gorges Project will become the key attack object in the future war, is destroyed in the war, this will give us the country to bring the huge disaster. The Three Gorges Project is a great project, is our country national strength day by day strong trend symbol, but we while saw its advantageous at the same time, can not but give careful consideration its disadvantageous one side.We should do take the positive measure, causes the Three Gorges Project to become the popular sentiment project, to become truly benefits universe's great project.This also is we to the Three Gorges Project deepest wish。

The Three Gorges Project is in the present world the biggest hydroelectric power station, also is the Chinese biggest project.It is middle and lower reaches comprehensive program of public order Yangtze River prevents floods a question crucial measure.And has at the same time the electricity generation, the shipping, the irrigation, supplies water and develops the storehouse district economy and so on the huge synthesis economic efficiency, to speeds up our country modernization advancement, enhances the comprehensive national strength to have the vital significance. Speaks of the Three Gorges Project to be supposed to construct, I thought this is not an absolute question, we should the rational analysis and know the Three Gorges Project in our country to the country, the people, the development, the construction and so on various aspects advantages. First, lets us have a look Three Gorges Project the construction the economic efficiency and the environment benefit which brings to us. First, flood prevention.Middle and lower reaches the reservoir flood prevention storage capacity 22,150,000,000 cubic meters, can upstream the active control enter the plain flood, as soon as meets for hundred years to meet the flood, may in not use the Jingjiang fenhongqu in the situation to control the Chingjian section of river the current capacity in the margin for safety, as soon as met the millennium to meet the flood or 1870 the flood, might control the Zhicheng station current capacity not to surpass for 80000 cubic meters/seconds.Relieves the Yangtze River middle reaches flood threat, prevented the Chingjian section of river has the ruinous disaster most effective measure. Second, electricity generation: The power plant installed capacity 17,680,000 kilowatts, the average year power rate 84,000,000,000 kilowatt-hours, may supply power Central China, East China as well as the eastern Sichuan province area.Approximately may substitute the coal 50,000,000 tons every year, may reduce the above local the coal transportation pressure, and may reduce the environmental pollution which because the thermal power coal-burning causes. Third, shipping: After the Three Gorges Project completes, the reservoir backwater forms 660 kilometer long deep water routes, may improve the Chongqing following route condition.As a result of the rapids submergence, the navigation deep increase, the slope changes slow, the speed of flow reduces, the ships transportation efficiency obviously will enhance, the transportation cost may compare at present to reduce 35%~37%, will will certainly to accelerate vigorously the Yangtze River shipping enterprise development. Fourth, environment benefit: Affects mainly in the middle and lower reaches, is advantageous attracts preventing and controlling in the middle and lower reaches which the blood insect gets sick, reduces Dongting Lake petty and the silt siltation, middle and lower reaches the increase the dry season current capacity, the improvement dry season water quality, the adjustment local climate then, again lets us have a look the Three Gorges Project the construction the question and the disadvantageous influence which brings with us. First, Three Gorges Project construction brings the influence to the environment.And completes along with the Three Gorges Project construction comprehensive advancement, upstream the water level lifting, causes the Yangtze River coast big area land to flood, some species will no more; The downstream water level reduces, the discharge of water will reduce, causes the downstream climate also to appear the change.After the Three Gorges Project completes upstream Yangtze River the velocity of flow to slow down relatively, upstream the silt siltation and the soil erosion question will become an important question to need to be supposed to be right.As a result of artificial to natural environment transformation, causes some natural living thing chain to have the destruction, affects the vegetation, the influence ecology positive cycle, displays specially in affects general to the macroclimate to forecast with difficulty. Second, the Three Gorges Project to our country financial resource is a significant test.The Three Gorges Project takes a grand project, not only needs new technical the support, needs in the financial resource the safeguard. Third, the Three Gorges Project also caused our country to lose many invisible and the tangible asset, more scenic spot and historic resort are submerged, the tourist resources destruction was serious, large quantities of cultures accumulated along with the Three Gorges big immigration implementation no more. Fourth, the Three Gorges Project has become the Western country attention the main object.The Three Gorges Project is the Western country aims at our country strategy facility the essential target.Once the Three Gorges Project will become the key attack object in the future war, is destroyed in the war, this will give us the country to bring the huge disaster. The Three Gorges Project is a great project, is our country national strength day by day strong trend symbol, but we while saw its advantageous at the same time, can not but give careful consideration its disadvantageous one side.We should do take the positive measure, causes the Three Gorges Project to become the popular sentiment project, to become truly benefits universe's great project.This also is we to the Three Gorges Project deepest wish.

上百度！打英语翻译就可以