初三英语语法知识

如何学好语法知识是值得每个学生深刻思考和体会的。接下来是我为大家整理的 九年级英语 语法知识点整理归纳，希望大家喜欢!

九年级英语语法知识点整理归纳一

一、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，已过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。

比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个 英语单词 。

I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。

— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)

二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：

1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。

比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too.She had just won the first in the composition competition.

3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。

He entered the room, turned on the light and read an eveningpaper.

Ⅰ. MultipleChoices.

1.I lost the dictionary I ________.

A.have bought B.bought C.had bought D.had been bought

2.The train had gone when my brother _______ at the station.

A.have arrived B.arrived C.had arrived D.am arriving

3. Mary _______ of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weathermade her change her mind.

A.has thought B.thought C.had thought D.had been thought

4.------Did you meet Tom at the airport? ------No，he _______ by the time I______ there.

A.has left;got B.had left;arrived C.left;arrived D.left;had got

5.-------Why didn’t Tom attend the meeting yesterday? -------He __________ Beijing.

A.has gone to B.had gone to C.went to D.had been to

6.-------I _______ to come to help you. ------But you didn’t come.

A.have meant B.had meant C.meant D.will mean

7.Finally one of my friends _______ by Beijing University，for which she ___ five timA.were admitted; had tried B.was admitted; had tried C.were admitted; has tried D.was admitted; tried

8.------I have bought you the books you want. ------Oh，good，I _______ afraid you had forgotten.

A.was B.am C.had been D.have been

9.We _________ four thousand new words by the end of last year.

A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learned

10.Helen _______her keys in theoffice so she had to wait until her husband ______home.

A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come

11. My father _________ to the hospital when I hurried home.

A. had gone B. went C. had been taken D. had been sent

12. ----- Jim, ________ you _________ your homework?

----- Yes, of course, but I ________ it late bed time.

A. do do; finished B. did do; had finished C. have done; hadfinished D. have done; finished

13. You ____ football after school. Why not go home and do yourhomework first?

A. always played B. are always playing C. have always played D.have always been playing

es

14. Eversince Picasso’s painting went on exhibit, there ____ large crowds at the museumevery day.

A. is B. has been C. have been D. had been

15. ---What do you think of my suggestion? --- Sorry. What’s that?I _____ about something else.

A. was thinking B. thought C. am thinking D. had thought

Ⅱ. Fill in theblanks according to the meanings of the sentences by using tenses of the verbs.

1. How many English songs ___________ she __________ (learn) bythe end of last month?、

2. Hardly _______ I ______ (get) on the bus when it started tomove

3. He __________________(read) the book before he was ten yearsold.

4. She said she ___________________ (see) the film before.

5. Our English teacher _________________ (teach) English inGuangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School.

6. By the end of last month, they _________________(complete)thebridge .

7. No sooner ________ I _______ (go) out than he came to see me.

89. The classroom _______________ (clean) before we ___________(get) there yesterday.

10. ________ the boy ___________ (finish) his homework before yousaw him?

11. When we got to the station, the train _____________ already_____________. (leave)

12. The book __________ by the end of last month. (finish)

13. When I got back to the shop , my bag _________________ (take)away by someone else.

14. When I arrived at the cinema, the film _________________ (be)on for ten minutes.

15. ---What’s that terrible noise?

---The neighbors ______ (prepare) for a party.

16. The mayor of Beijingsays that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ ( complete) by2006.

17. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ______(visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.

18. ---Mr. Johnson didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterdaymorning, did he?

--- No. We __________ (wait) till twelve o’clock. A whole morningwas wasted.

19. ---Why haven’t you asked her to come here?

---She _______ (do) an important experiment when I found her andshe ________ (not, finish) it.

答案：

Keys:

Ⅰ. 1-5 CBCBB 6-10BBAAC 11-15. DDBCA

Ⅱ. 1. had learnt2. had got 3. had read 4. had seen 5. had taught 6. had completed 7. had gone8. had gone 9. had been cleaned, got 10. Had finished 11. had left 12. had beenfinished 13. had been taken 14. had been on 15. are preparing 16. will havebeen completed 17. was visiting 18. were waiting 19. was doing, hasn’t finished

九年级英语语法知识点整理归纳二

语法：直接引语变间接引语。

直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用来转述别人的话叫间接引语。例：

Hesaid,"HewillgotoBeijingtomorrow."(直接引语)

HesaidthathewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.

直接引语变间接引语时时态、人称及一些时间或个别词都要做相应的改变。

①时态：

一般现在时→一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时

现在进行时→过去进行时一般过去时→过去完成时

现在完成时→过去完成时

_真理性的 句子 时态不变。例：

Hesaid:"Thesunrisesintheeast."

Hesaidthatthesunrisesintheeast.

他说太阳从东方升起。

②时间：

now→then,lastmonth→themonthbefore.

today→thatday,threedaysago→threedaysbefore.

tonight→thatnight,tomorrow→thenextday.

yesterday→thedaybefore,thedayaftertomorrow→intwodays.

③ 其它 变化：

this→thatthese→thosehere→there

come→go

句式的改变：

①直接引语是陈述句加"that"可以省去。例：

Hesaid,"Mysisterwasherethreedaysago."→

Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.

②直接引语是一般疑问句，变成用if/whether引导的宾语从句，人称时态等作相应改变。

Motheraskedme,"Didyoubuyanymeatforlunch?"→

Motheraskedmeif/whetherIhadboughtsomemeatforlunch.

③直接引语是特殊问句，变成由原来疑问词一样的连接词引导的宾语从句，时态人称等作相应改变。例：

"Whatdoyoudo?"heaskedme.

HeaskedmewhatIdid.

④直接引语是选择问句变成由whether或if引导的宾语从句。

"DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese?"Heaskedme.

HeaskedmewhetherIlikedEnglishorChinese.

语法：被动语态

1.英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态

主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。

当我们强调谁是某个动作的执行者，即"谁做了某种事情"时，用主动语态。

eg:Danielboughtanewcomputer丹尼尔买了一台新电脑。(不是别人)

如果主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者时，就是被动语态。

eg:AnewcomputerwasboughtbyDaniel一台新电脑被丹尼尔买了。

被动语态的谓语由be+动词的过去分词构成，其中be是助动词，随时态改变。

一般现在时的被动语态由"am/is/are+动词的过去分词"构成。

一般过去时的被动语态由"was/were+动词的过去分词"构成。

2.被动语态的用法：

当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。

eg:RiceisgrowninSouthChina.华南 种植 水稻。(没必要说明是谁种)

Thisbridgewasbuilt100yearsago.这座桥是100年前建的。(不知道谁建的)

Passivevoicewith'by'

在被动语态中，如果我们也要把动作的执行者表达出来的话，我们就在被动句子的后面，用"by+动作的执行者(宾格)"来表示。

e.g.Jackbrokethewindow.(主动语态)

ThewindowwasbrokenbyJack.(被动语态)窗户是被杰克打碎的。

Mealsarecookedbyhermotherathome.在家饭是她母亲烧的。

Thebookwaswrittenbyhimseveralyearsago.这本书是他几年前写的。

3.难点：

1).当一个含有复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的句子变为被动语态时，只能把宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾补还放在原来的位置。

e.g.WecallhimXiaoWang.---HeiscalledXiaoWang.

Hecuthishairshort.---Hishairwascutshort.

2).带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常常把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语;如果直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for.

e.g.Someonegavetheboyanapple.--Theboywasgivenanapple.

Anapplewasgiventotheboy.

Hismotherboughtapresentforhim.---Hewasboughtapresent.

Apresentwasboughtforhim.

3).在let,hear,watch,see,help,have等词的句子中，主动语态不加to,被动语态要加to.

e.g.Thebossmakesuswork12hoursaday.---Wearemadetowork12hoursaday.

Theyheardthechildrensingthatmorning.---Thechildrenwereheardtosingthatmorning.

⑤直接引语是祈使句，根据说话语气变成ask/tell/orderwarnsb.todosth.的结构。例：

Shesaidtome,"Standup."→

Sheaskedmetostandup.

Fathersaidtohisson,"Don'tplayfootballinthestreet."→

Fathertoldhissonnottoplayfootballinthestreet.

语法：祈使句

表示命令、叮嘱等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句省略主语，以动词原形开头，常加please表示客气。常有以下三种结构：

(1)行为动词开头。例：

Sitdown,please.(Pleasesitdown.)

Comehere.

Gothere.

(2)系词be开头。

Becareful!

Besilent.

(3)Let开头。例：

Let'sdoitatonce.

Lethimdoit.

注：(1)祈使句的否定式在句首加don't。例：

Don'tspeakinChinese.别用汉语说。

Don'tbeheresoearly.别来这太早。

(2)在祈使句前可以加never或always。

Neverclimbuptoohigh.It'sdangerous.

Alwayscomeontime.总是准时。

Alwaysbepolitetoothers.总是对人礼貌。

语法：并列句

由并列连词but，and，or，so，while等构成的并列句，例：

HehelpsmeandIhelphim。

Hewasill，buthestillworkedon。

Helikescookingwhilehiswifelikestravelling。

语法：条件状语从句，以if引导。

if在英语中可以构成条件状语从句，意为“如果”，也可以构成宾语从句，意为“是否”。例：

Idon‘tknowifhewillcometomorrow。(宾从)

我不知道他明天是否来。

Ifhecomes，I’llletyouknow。(条从)

如果他来，我让你知道。

_1)在if构成的条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，或祈使句或有情态动词，从句通常用一般现在时。如上面的例句，再如：

Hecanpasstheexamifhestudieshard。

如果他努力学习会通过考试的。

(2)if构成的条件从句可以放于句子前面，也可以放于后面。例：

Ifitrains，Iwon‘tgowithyou。

如果下雨我就不和你去了。

Iwon’tgowithyouifitrains。

九年级英语语法知识点整理归纳三

【篇一】一般过去时：

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month...),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.

3.基本结构：be动词;行为动词的过去式

4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。

6.例句：Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.

Ididn'tknowyouweresobusy.

【篇二】现在进行时

：

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.

3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing

4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句：Howareyoufeelingtoday?

Heisdoingwellinhislessons.

【篇三】过去进行时：

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构：was/were+doing

4.否定形式：was/were+not+doing.

5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

6.例句：AtthattimeshewasworkinginaPLAunit.

Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.

【篇四】现在完成时：

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：recently,lately,since...for...,inthepastfewyears,etc.

3.基本结构：have/has+done

4.否定形式：have/has+not+done.

5.一般疑问句：have或has。

6.例句：I'vewrittenanarticle.

Thecountrysidehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.

【篇五】过去完成时：

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即"过去的过去"。

2.时间状语：before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month...),etc.

3.基本结构：had+done.

4.否定形式：had+not+done.

5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

6.例句：Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.

Bytheendoflastmonth.Wehadreviewedfourbooks

【篇六】一般将来时：

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year...),soon,inafewminutes,by...,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.

3.基本结构：am/is/are/goingto+do;will/shall+do.

4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

6.例句：Theyaregoingtohaveacompetitionwithusinstudies.

Itisgoingtorain.

【篇七】过去将来时：

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：thenextday(morning,year...),thefollowingmonth(week...),etc.

3.基本结构：was/were/goingto+do;would/should+do.

4.否定形式：was/were/not+goingto+do;would/should+not+do.

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。

6.例句：HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.

Iaskedwhowasgoingthere.

【篇八】将来完成时：

1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态

2.时间状语：bythetimeof;bytheendof+时间 短语 (将来);bythetime+从句(将来)

3.基本结构：begoingto/will/shall+havedone

初中生要想学好英语，一定要学好英语语法，这篇文章我给大家汇总了初三重要的英语语法知识点，接下来分享具体内容，供参考。

被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化。被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。

1.各种时态的被动语态结构如下

一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am / is / are (not)+过去分词

一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was / were +过去分词

现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have / has +been +过去分词

一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will +be +过去分词

过去将来时的被动语态：主语+would / should + be +过去分词

过去进行时的被动语态：主语+was / were + being +过去分词

过去完成时的被动语态：主语+had + been +过去分词

情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词

2.被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by+动作执行者短语。

Football is played widely all over the world.

全世界都广泛地踢足球。

(2)强调动作的承受者。

The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。

(3)作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型。

It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in theUSA.

据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。

3.主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤

(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语

(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词

(3)原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面;如果没必要，可省略。

1.连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。

2.常见的连词

and(和，与;而且;于是，然后;因此)

but(但是;通常用not...but...不是...而是...;可是,然而;表示惊讶，不同意等--喔，哇;用来加强语句重复部分的语气--一定;用来引入新话题--那就;常用于否定句--而不，若不;用于含doubt,question等字的否定句中相当于that--对于)

or(或者，还是;用于否定句或问句--也不;否则，要不然;也就是说，换言之)

nor(用在neither之后--也不;用在no,not,never之后--也不;用在句首，句子需倒装--也不)

so(因此，所以;因而，从而)

yet(可是，却，然而)

for(因为，由于)

both…and(既...又...;不但...而且)

not only…but also(不但，而且)

either…or(不是...就是;要么...要么)

neither…nor(既不...也不...)

3.并列连词：

①and 与or;②both …and两者都;③not only…but ...as well as=not only...but also不但…而且;④neither…nor意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。

4.转折或对比连词

①but表示转折，while表示对比。②not…but…意思为"不是……而是……"。

1.宾语从句，是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

2.宾语从句的引导词有三种：

(1)以that引导的宾语从句：

that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。

Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗?

He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。

(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句：

从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否”。

Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.

请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。

I don’t care whether you like the story or not.

我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。

(3)特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等引导的宾语从句：

此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：

Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?

请问我们得走哪个门?

He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here.

他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。

1.定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

2.定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

3. 定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

4.关系代词的用法

(1)that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

(2)which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

(3)who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is fromEngland.

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

4. 关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.

这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.

这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

状语从句就是由一个句子在复合句中充当状语。所以状语从句又可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等等。每种状语从句都有特定的引导词：

(1)地点状语从句：where,wherever

(2)时间状语从句：when, while, as, before, until, till, since

(3)原因状语从句：because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that,

considering that, in that

(4)目的状语从句：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case,for fear that,lest

(5)结果状语从句：so...that, such that, so that, with the result that

(6)条件状语从句：if,unless,if only,only if,in case,suppose/supposing

(that),provided/providing(that),on condition that,so/as long as

(7)方式状语从句：as, as if, as though

(8)让步状语从句：though, although, as, even if, even though, whether, no matter，whether...or, no matter with