高中英语知识体系

选本语法书。

代词

一.概念: 代词是代替名词的词, 按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。

二.相关知识点精讲

1.人称代词1)人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。 2)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：

I like table tennis. (作主语)Do you know him?(作宾语)

3)人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如---Whos is knocking at the door?---It’s me.

4)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me. He is older than I am.

2. 物主代词1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。

2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.

3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主语)

--- Is this English-book yours? (作表语) --- No. Mine is in my bag. I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作宾语)

3. 指示代词 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。

1) this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those

则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are busy these days.In those days the workers had a hard time.

2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如： I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.

What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.

3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.

一、一般将来时

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其它;主语+will/shall + do+其它

4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ;主语+will/shall not do+其它

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。

It is going to rain.天要下雨了。

二、 一般过去将来时

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构：主语

+was/were +going to + do+其它;主语+would/should + do+其它

4.否定形式：主语+was/were+not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。

I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。

名词复数的不规则变化

1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2) 单复同形 如：

deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:

a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

3)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。 如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4)以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes