江苏英语高考阅读

It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, career, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of the dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him. 杰克已经有一段时间没见到这位老人了。大学、工作和生活本身都成为了障碍。事实上，为了追求梦想，杰克在全国到处飞。繁忙的生活让杰克几乎没有时间思考过去，也没有时间和妻儿在一起。他在为自己的未来而努力，没有什么能阻止他。 Over the phone, his mother told him, “Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday.” Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days. 在电话里，他的母亲告诉他：“贝尔瑟先生昨晚去世了，葬礼在周三举行。”当他静静地坐在那里回忆童年时光时，记忆就像历史影像在脑海中闪现。 “Jack, did you hear me?” “杰克，你听见了吗？” “Oh, sorry, Mom. Yes, I heard you. it’s been so long since I thought of him. I’m sorry, but I honestly thought he died years ago,” Jack said. 杰克说：“哦，对不起，妈妈。是的，我听见了。我很久没想起他了。对不起，但我真的以为他几年前就去世了。”。 “Well, he didn’t forget you. Every time I saw him he’d ask how you were doing. He’d reminisce about the many days you spent over ‘his side of the fence’ as he put it, ” Mom told him. “嗯，他没有忘记你。每次我见到他，他都会问你过得怎么样。他常常回忆起你在他家院子里度过的许多日子，”妈妈告诉他。 “I loved that old house he lived in,” Jack said. “我喜欢他住的那栋老房子，”杰克说。 “You know, Jack, after your father died, Mr. Belser stepped in to make sure you had a man’s influence in your life,” she said. “杰克，你知道吗，你父亲去世后，贝尔瑟先生介入进来，确保你的生活中有男人的影响，”她说。 “He’s the one who taught me carpentry. I wouldn’t be in this business if it weren’t for him. He spent a lot of time teaching me things he thought were important. Mom, I’ll be there for the funeral.” Jack said. “是他教我木工的。如果没有他，我就不会从事这个行业。他花了很多时间教我他认为重要的东西。妈妈，我会参加葬礼的。”杰克说。 Busy as he was, he kept his word. Jack caught the next flight to his hometown. Mr. Belser’s funeral was small and uneventful. He had no children of his own, and most of his relatives had passed away. 尽管杰克很忙，但他信守诺言。赶上了下一班飞往家乡的航班。贝尔瑟先生的葬礼规模不大，平平淡淡。他没有自己的孩子，他的亲戚大多数都去世了。 The night before he had to return home, Jack and his Mom stopped by to see the old house next door one more time, which was exactly as he remembered. Every step held memories. Every picture, every piece of furniture … Jack stopped suddenly. 在他不得不回去的前一天晚上，杰克和他的妈妈再次路过隔壁的老房子，这正是他所记得的。每一步都有记忆。每一张照片，每一件家具……杰克突然停了下来。 “What’s wrong, Jack?” his Mom asked. “怎么了，杰克？”他妈妈问。 “The box is gone,” he said. “盒子不见了，”他说。 “What box?” Mom asked. “什么盒子？”妈妈问。 “There was a small gold box that he kept locked on top of his desk. I must have asked him a thousand times what was inside. All he’d ever tell me was ‘the thing I value most’,” Jack said. “他把一个小金盒锁在书桌上。我肯定问过他一千遍里面装的是什么。他总是告诉我是他‘最珍视的东西’，”杰克说。 It was gone. Everything about the house was exactly how Jack remembered it, except for the box. He figured someone from the Belser family had taken it. 它不见了。除了盒子，房子的一切都和杰克记忆中的一模一样。他认为是贝尔瑟家族的人拿走的。 “Now I’ll never know what was so valuable to him,” Jack said sadly. “现在我永远也不知道是什么对他如此有价值，”杰克悲伤地说。 Returning to his office the next day, he found a package on his desk. The return address caught his attention. 第二天回到办公室，他在办公桌上发现了一个包裹。回信地址引起了他的注意。 “Mr. Harold Belser” it read. 上面写着“哈罗德·贝尔瑟先生”。 Jack tore open the package. There inside was the gold box and an envelope. Jack’s hands shook as he read the note inside, 杰克撕开了包裹。里面有一个金盒子和一个信封。杰克读到里面的纸条时，双手颤抖， “Upon my death, please forward this box and its contents to Jack Bernett. It’s the thing I valued most in my life.” A small key was taped to the letter. His heart racing, and tears filling his eyes. Jack carefully unlocked the box. There inside he found a beautiful gold pocket watch. Running his fingers slowly over the fine cover, he opened it. “我死后，请把这个盒子和里面的东西转交给杰克·伯内特。这是我一生中最珍视的东西。”信上贴着一把小钥匙。他的心怦怦直跳，泪水盈眶。杰克小心地打开箱子。他在里面发现了一块漂亮的金怀表。他用手指慢慢地抚摸着精美的封面，打开了它。 Inside he found these words carved: “Jack. Thanks for your time! Harold Belser.” 他发现里面刻着这样一句话：“杰克。谢谢你的时间！哈罗德·贝尔瑟。” “Oh. My God! This is the thing he valued most …” “哦，天哪！这是他最珍视的东西……” Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two days. “Why?” his assistant asked. 杰克拿着手表看了几分钟，然后打电话给他的助理，取消了接下来两天的会议。“为什么？”助理问道。 “I need some time to spend with my son,” he said. “我需要一些时间和儿子在一起，”他说。

2017江苏高考英语阅读理解的解题技巧

江苏省高考英语试卷总分120分，阅读题(泛指完形、任务型等)占据60分，其中阅读理解占据一半。因此，提高阅读理解能力成了学生考得好成绩的关键。同时，其命题特征以及解题技巧也成为高中师生的重点研究对象之一。下面是我为大家带来的高考英语阅读理解的解题技巧，欢迎阅读。

一、解读课程标准，回顾五年高考

普通高中英语课程标准指出，基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。本着着重培养高中生在人际交往中得体运用英语，提高学生用英语处理信息、分析、解决问题的能力及批判思维能力， 2011年到2015年江苏高考英语阅读理解选材呈现体裁多样，话题广泛，语言地道、内容新颖且贴近生活、时代感强的特点。

1. 从体裁、题材与题型方面解读

如下图，江苏近五年高考阅读理解还具以下特征：应用文、议论文、说明文居多，记叙文向夹叙夹议过渡并逐渐被取缔;常考题型有细节理解题;推理判断题;主旨/段落大意题;词义/句意猜测题。细节理解题及推断题比例较大;对文化背景知识的考查已成为阅读D篇的首选。

2. 从篇幅、字数及阅读速度方面解读

如下图，近五年阅读理解命题稳中求新。近三年阅读理解题目设计风格相似，设置题数均为A篇2题，B篇3题，C篇4题，D篇6题，而且D篇文章篇幅均比2011年、2012年长。此外，语篇字数逐步增加，阅读量渐大，近五年阅读速度达每分钟73词～79词，平均每篇文章要在6分钟～8分钟内完成。这就需要学生有较强的基本功，才能做到既有速度又有准度。由此可见，提高阅读理解时效性是取得高分的突破口。

二、把握特点，克服障碍，探究技巧

1. 准确定位，推敲细节

细节理解题需要学生对文章中的特定细节进行辨认和判断，多为直接性提问，难度相对较小，得分率较高，在近五年高考阅读理解题中所占比重较大，因此是学生夺取高分的基础。题干中常见考查信息有六点：时间、地点、人物、原因、事件和方式，简称为“5W1H”。5个W代表 when，where，who，what，why;1个H即how。常见提问方式有：According to the passage，5W or 1H(when， where， who， what， why， how)________?Which of the following is typical of…?What is unique of…?例如：What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?(2015江苏高考57题)Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?(2014江苏高考63题)题干中常出现一些表示人名、地名的专有名词;表示年份、数字、百分数等数词;大写的名词等定位词。例如：Why is June 6，1990 a special day for Mommy?(2014江苏高考65题)What can we learn from the Florida study?(2015江苏高考62题)解题时，学生可采用读题干、选项→读文章→做题目的方式，通过题干定位词，找出原文中与正确选项匹配的同义表述，确定正确选项。

2. 忠实原文，理性推理

推理判断题常要求学生推断文章隐含意思、作者写作意图、观点态度、目标读者、文章出处等，其中推断文章隐含意思题较多。推断隐含意思的题干中常用到infer，imply，suggest，conclude，indicate，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词。例如：By mentioning the Swiss study， the author intends to tell us that ________.(2015江苏高考58题)What can be inferred from Mommy's Anglo family life?(2014江苏高考68题)解题原则为立足原文推论，忌掺杂主观臆断。注意四个不选：对阅读材料简单重复而非推理的选项不选;文中没有谈及却又符合常识的选项不选;对文中提及的内容故意增减的选项不选。属于原文信息但并非题干要求内容的选项不选。对于其他考题，学生可根据文体特征，结合主旨推知文章出处、作者写作意图;结合内容判断作者观点;根据措辞口吻判断目标读者及作者态度(主观、客观、肯定、否定、中立)。

3. 理清篇章结构，归纳主旨/ 段落大意

理清文章结构，不仅有助于学生把握文章脉络结构，理解作者的观点在文中提出、展开的途径，还可帮助学生理解记忆文章的主要信息，学会有选择地阅读文章，从而提高阅读理解速度和准确度。文章的主旨大意常可以通过文章的常见写作方法体现出来。学生阅读文章时，可边分析写作方法，边寻找主题词或主题句，而后总结文章主旨。“三维设计高考总复习”把文章的写作方法分为以下几种：倒三角形写作法(▽)，即“总-分”结构。开门见山提出主题，用细节支撑和发展主题句;正三角形写作法(△) ，即“分-总”结构。先表述细节，再归纳要点、结论、建议等，以概括主题思想;圆形写作法(○)，常称为“总-分-总”结构。作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，对文首主题进一步引申;菱形写作法(?)开头先呈现一种社会现象或事例，然后引申出文章的中心或主题，而后对其作进一步的解释或发展。主题句常在文章中间出现;正方形写作法(□)的主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的'主题句。建议无论主旨大意题在什么位置出现，把主旨大意题放在最后做，因为对另外几题的解题过程会帮助学生加深对文章的理解。

4. 突破生僻词汇，剖析长句难句，猜测词义/句意

高考对词汇句意的考查并非简单考查学生的词汇量，而是要求学生根据上下文进行合理推测。可以常识采取以下方法：

(1)“跳过去”“猜出来”。文中出现的生僻词，不影响理解的，学生大胆选择“跳过去”;需要准确理解含义的，则借助情景和上下文“猜出来”。例如：Consider that most famous economic rule of all：There's no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free，the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities. (2014江苏高考阅读B节选)分析：围绕“天下无免费的午餐”这一原则，文中举例说即使有人请你吃免费餐，你花时间吃免费餐也是有某些代价的。同时，结合全文核心词“机会成本”的含义推测，forgone opportunities指的是为某一机会而放弃的另一个机会。

(2)提取主干。阅读理解中出现的长句难句常带有较多修饰成分，即带有定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等。理解长句难句的核心思想就是“提取主干”。抓住主干，理清成分有助于对句子的理解。例如：A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste， the concentration(含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.(2015江苏高考阅读B节选)分析：整句主干：“A Swiss study reported that…”(剩余部分为that引导宾语从句)宾语从句中主干：“the concentration of gold…occurring minerals.”“while the weight…to total waste”为宾语从句中的让步状语从句。其中“represented by precious metals”为定语修饰“the weight of electronic goods”“in comparison to total waste”为比较状语。

此外，做阅读理解题时，考生要牢记“顺序原则”。高考阅读理解题目通常是严格按照文章的先后顺序，如果考试时发现某道题在原文定位不准，可先定位下一道题的原文出处，再按照顺序原则倒推本题出处。

三、结束语

普通高中英语课程标准指出：文化意识是得体运用语言的保证。学生要完胜高考阅读理解，就需要在平时就注重对词汇和语法知识的积累并强化多元文化背景材料的阅读，多读国外著名人物演讲稿、科普读物、简装版英文小说、各种适合高三学生的英语阅读刊物，提高对中外文化异同的敏感性和鉴别力，确保解题游刃有余。