Historically，this novel principle first came into being here in the United States in 1920,纵观历史，成组技术这种新颖的生产方式在1920年诞生于美国，when Frederick Taylor supoortsd the idea of grouping that required special operations.在Frederick Taylor提出需要特殊操作的分组的想法的时候。He was followed by the Jones and Lamson Machine Company in the early 1920s,这一想法在19世纪20年代初得到了约翰.兰逊机械公司的支持，which used a crude form of group tecnology to build machine tools. 他们使用了一种原始的分组技术来制造机械工具。Today,group technology is implemented through the application of well-structured classification and coding systems and supporting software to take advantage of the similarities of components. 时至今日，成组技术已经被广泛应用于具有良好结构的分类系统，编码系统和用来支持软件对部件相似性的利用。Reasons for adopting Group Technology 采用成组技术的理由Modern manufacturing industries are racing a lot of challenges caused by growing international competition and fast-changing market demands.由于不断增长的全球化竞争和瞬息万变的市场需求，现代化的制造业面临着大量的挑战。These challenes,which are exemplified in the following list,have been and can be successfully met by group technology: 我们将以下述挑战为例，来说明成组技术如何进行应对：As a result of the first factor,the conventional shop organization(i.e.,departmentalization by process) is becoming very inefficient and obsolete bacause of the wasteful routing paths of the products between the various machine tool departments. 由于首要因素的限制，传统的车间式组织（例如，根据生产工艺进行分部门组织）由于产品在不同机械工具部门之间的浪费路径而变得极其低效。There is a need integrate the design and manufacturing phases in order to cut short the lead time,thus winning a competitive situation in the international market.因此需要对设计及制造各部分进行整合以缩短交货时间，并以此在国际市场创造更具有竞争力的局面。问题补充：(1)Benefits in product desing. Concerning design of products,the principal benefit of group technology is that it enables product designer to avoid “reinventing the wheel”, or duplicating engineering efforts. In other words, it eliminates the possibility of desiging a product that was previously designed because it facilitates storage and easy retrieval of engineering designs. 问题补充：（1）对产品设计的益处对于产品设计，成组技术的首要好处就在于它避免了设计者的重复劳动，或者说它复制了工程成果。换种说法：成组技术通过促进对工程设计的储存和重获，避免了设计出一个与以前设计产品类似的可能性。If the exact part design is not included in company’s computerized files, a design close enough to the required one can be retrieved and modified in order to satisfy the requirements.A further advantage of group technology is that it promotes standardization of design features, such as corner radii, chamfers,and the like, thus leading to the standardization of production tools and work-holding devices.即使具体零件的设计并不包含在公司的电脑档案，也可以通过成组技术获取一个跟所需设计足够接近的产品设计，并通过改进来使它满足要求。成组技术的另一更大的好处是它促进了设计数据的标准化，像是转弯半径，倒角这些，并使得生产工具和夹具标准化。
坚持到底2011
