18种英语作文体裁

一、提纲类

假设你是李华, 你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛 (speech contest), 你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tom写一封电子邮件：

1、询问Tom的生活和学习情况；

2、谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙；

3、告诉Tom你打算赛后去看他。

注意：

1. 词数：120—150；

2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

解析：

作文内容是写电子邮件, 突出了英语学习中语言运用和交际的目的。题目给出语言运用的情境, 还有写作的要点提示, 但注意了所给出的要点仅是文章应包括的内容, 而非具体的语言信息, 所以考生不能逐句翻译。作文为应用文体裁, 内容贴近中学生的日常生活和交际的需求, 因此学生写起来更会有素材, 形式上给出要点但又有相当的写作的自由度，给学生留下一定的想象和创造的空间。

【参考范文】

Dear Tom,

It’s a month since you studied in Beijing. How is everything going with you? I am really happy to have such an unforgettable experience with you here.

I am going to take part in an English speech contest for middle school students in July this summer. I think the chance is of great importance for me. To have a very good performance, I am making preparations for it. However, I still have some trouble in collecting useful materials.

Meanwhile, I find it hard to use English properly. I would appreciate it if you could offer me a hand. I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay off.

You know, I have been missing you since you left, so I hope to see you in Beijing after the English contest. I can’t wait to see you again!

Yours Sincerely,

Li Hua

二、图表类

生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张。请你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文, 向学校英文报“Happy Teens”专栏投稿。

注意

1、对所有要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译。

2、词数120 左右。开头已经写好,不计入总词数。

3、作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。

Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.

【思路点拨】

(1)本题为半开放式作文,要求学生介绍事情经过、冲突原因以及避免冲突的做法。在写作中,学生首先应该注意时态的变化。在叙述事情的经过以及冲突原因时，时态应该以一般过去时为主,在谈及避免冲突的做法时应以一般现在时为主。

(2)学生还应注意段落清晰,行文流畅。根据要点提示,作文最好分为三段,第一段介绍事情经过,第二段分析冲突原因,第三段谈论避免冲突的做法,提出建议。

(3)内容要点:①碰撞(bump into) 争执(quarrel) ②关系紧张(tense relationship) 过错(fault) 该受到责备(be to blame) ③过分关注输赢(care too much about winning and losing) ④避免冲突(avoid conflicts) 设身处地为他人着想(put ourselves in others place )

【参考范文】

Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel.

To be honest, it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame—they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.

To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.

Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place. Don’t be self-centered and try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.

三、演讲稿

假设你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let’s Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：

1、目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；

2、骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利健康等。

参考词汇：低碳生活（low-carbon life）；节能（energy saving）

注意：

1、词数：120词左右；

2、演讲稿开头和结尾已给出，请将其抄写在答题卡上且该部分不计入总词数。

Good morning, everyone,

I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School．The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”．

Thank you!

【参考范文】

Good morning, everyone,

I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”. As is known to us, air pollution and heavy urban traffic are becoming

increasingly severe mainly due to the overuse of cars. Therefore, it’s high time we chose another better means of transport, that is, cycling.

There are many good reasons to ride bicycles. First of all, compared to cars, bicycles are much cheaper to buy and maintain, and you don’t have all the added costs of fuel, and parking. What’s more, bicycles are more environmentally friendly than cars, because they hardly make noises.

Cycling has become a new trend around the world, a good way of energy saving and low-carbon life. Last but not least, cycling is an excellent way to keep fit and live longer.

By riding bicycles, you can cut down on your risk of heart attacks, high blood pressure and other illnesses. So I think, riding bicycles actually has great effects on us. Let’s ride bicycles from today on!

Thank you!

四、开放式

英语中“please. ” “thank you” “sorry”等礼貌用语具有增进友谊，改善关系、化解矛盾等神奇的力量，因而被称为“magic words”。请以“Magic Power of Polite Words”为题写一篇120词左右的英语作文。体裁不限（叙述文、 评论文、 说论文……）

【参考范文】

Having good manners is seen by many people as a sign of cultural understanding and good taste.

Polite words are one of the examples. When meeting people, saying “Hello” or “How are you” and so on means you are very polite, which will make it easy for you to

communicate with others, which is the result of magic power of polite words. Otherwise, other people will hate getting on with you. And your life will become difficult. Only by saying polite words can you get on well with others.

In a word, it is polite words that will make your life become convenient.

我是同济大学的在校生，像英语这类的课程应该比较提高（当然，英语是我初高中时候最有把握的一门课，在高手如林的重点高中，英语卷面成绩第一总能帮我拉一拉总分），只要你真的花时间了，肯定可以较快提高，这一些心得体会我已经跟很多人分享过了（通过交谈、邮件、百度知道），所以我的学习经验真的是“复制..复制..再复制.”如果你觉得靠谱的话就去试试吧，希望对你也有所帮助。我们今天就讲讲作文的写法【英语作文的考试重点】初高中的英语作文重在展现你自己的水平：1.语法，尽可能不出现语法错误。2.书写，书写尽量工整，这个一方面能够让老师看得舒服，另一方面也表明了你写作的思路流畅。3.从句、长句、优美的句子、高级词汇的灵活运用。【万金油句子举例】1.___has been brought into focus,and ____ always aroused the greatest concern2.Among the various reasons contributing to this phonomenon, ____ plays an important part.3.There is no complete agreement among people as to ____ .Some people take it for granted that _____________ while others hold the opinion that ___________ .4.Taking above metioned factors into consideration, I think ________5.In a whole, ___________【提高的方法】我高二的时候买了一本书《王长喜十句作文法》讲的是关于四六级考试的，应用优美的模板来写作的技巧（说实在的这个有点儿投机取巧，但是应对考试绰绰有余）。我分析了一下平时的考卷，发现作文的题材有六七成都和里面所介绍的五种相关，我就把他里面提供的相同题材的几个不同模板做了一下整理，每种题材整理出一个我自认为最完美的模板（模板中不乏显摆自己高超语法技巧的闪光点）然后每一次考试尽量套上一个适合的模板，结果是十有八九我的作文会成为范文之一。所以，建议你买一本类似于模板的书，这种书市面上现在很多的，不仅是王长喜的，其他的也有。你现在要万金油句子你也不一定会运用得很自然甚至巧妙，因此，整理出几套模板，然后就这几套模板好好看一些优秀的例文。相信不久你的作文水平会得到很大的提升真希望说了这么多对你有实质性的帮助，加油啊，期待你如愿以偿，加油！附：【英语作文八种常用句型】一) 原因 1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem). 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that... 4. The factors that contribute to this situation include... 5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that... 6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are... 7. Part of the explanations for it is that ... One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ... Another contributing factor (cause ) is ... Perhaps the primary factor is that … But the fundamental cause is that 二) 比较 1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages. 2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that... 4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that... 5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 6.Like anything else, it has its faults. 7.A and B has several points in common. 8.A bears some resemblances to B. 9.However, the same is not applicable to B. 10. A and B differ in several ways. 11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 12. People used to think ..., but things are different now. 13. The same is true of B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks. 15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ... 三) 批驳1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out. 2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. 3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water. 4) Many of us have been under the illusion that... 5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 6) It makes no sense to argue for ... 7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ... 8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ... 9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...四) 后果 1. It may give rise to a host of problems. 2. The immediate result it produces is ... 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon... 4. Its consequence can be so great that... 五) 举例 1) A good case in point is ... 2) As an illustration, we may take ... 3) Such examples might be given easily. 4) ...is often cited as an example. 六) 证明1) No one can deny the fact that ... 2) The idea is hardly supported by facts. 3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ... 4) Recent studies indicate that ... 5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ... 6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ... 七) 开篇 1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ... 2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ... 5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ... 6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular. 7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ... 8) According to a recent survey, ... 9) With the rapid development of ..., ... 八) 结尾 1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ... 2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ... 3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ... 4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ... 5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help. 6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ... 7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ... 10) Taking all these into account, we ... 11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

文体分为文章体裁和文学体裁。文章体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文 。其中文学体裁包括诗歌、小说、戏剧、散文。

一、记叙文是以记叙、描写为主要表达方式，以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容的文章。中学阶段，为了教学的方便，常常把消息、通讯、人物传记、回忆录、寓言、童话、小说等，都划归到记叙文教学中。

记叙文的分类：从写作内容与方式看，可分为两类：简单的记叙文和复杂的记叙文。从写作对象的不同，可分为四类：

1、写人的记叙文；

2、叙事的记叙文；

3、写景的记叙文(即散文)；

4、状物的记叙文。

二、说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。它通过对实体事物科学地解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事理的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等能有科学的认识，从而获得有关的知识。说明文的中心鲜明突出，文章具有科学性，条理性，语言确切生动。

扩展资料

语考试作文试题的一个最大的特点就是时限性，即在有限的时间内（一般分配30分钟）按试题要求完成作文试题。有很多参试者最后交卷时作文题要么没有完成要么质量比较差，这其中当然有很多原因，但不可忽视的一点原因便是写作文时间不够来不及完成作文或来不及仔细思考写一篇合乎题目要求的文章。

英语作文试题一般要求字数在120字左右，段落一般为三段，因而有“三段论”一说。所谓“三段论”即全文分为三个自然段，一般结构为“首段摆事实（现象）、提观点（论点或问题），在这一部分参试者最好将题目要求中的第一个要点（一般为提出问题或观点）作为首段的内容之一；第二段剖析现象、分析论点，这也是全文的主体部分。

在这一部分参试者需要将试题要求中的所有要点的内容都加以阐述和扩展，同时注意不要信马由缰的写一些与文章主题无关的内容以免被当作跑题处理；第三段为结论段，这一段的主要任务是为全文做一个结论性的终结，让文章显得完整和连贯。至于开头和结尾有一定的固定的套路可循。

参考资料来源：百度百科-英语作文

还有图表作文。近几年高考很喜欢考。图表（table，chart）

散文 essay 说明文 explanation 戏剧 drama 小说 novel应该就是你说的这些文体了。

一、解释现象型

解释现象型作文一般要求考生根据考试提纲引出某种现象，然后分析现象产生的原因，阐述其影响，并给出合理的建议。

二、解决问题型

解决问题型作文，要求考生根据考试题目中所反映或提到的问题，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施。此类作文重在考查学生解决问题的能力，因此写作时一定要具体详细地说明解决问题的方法。

三、说明利弊型

说明利弊型作文的标志十分明显，非常容易识别，其要求比较明确，即要求考生比较某事物或现象的利弊，并表明自己的观点。

四、对比选择型

在六级作文中，对比选择型的题目要求非常明确且富有针对性。这类作文一般以问题的形式或两者选一的形式出现，要求考生对两种观点或做法进行比较，然后表明自己的看法，并且给出理由。写这类作文最关键的一点就是在表明个人观点的同时，还要给出支撑观点的充分理由。

五、表达观点类

书面表达旨在测试学生的英语书面表达能力。中考的书面表达是一种指导性写作。试题对写作的目的、对象、体裁及字数都有明确的规定。

英语作文写作注意几方面：

第一，内容方面：了解高考作文常考的话题，结合高中教材，整理背诵一些常考的话题以及这些话题中常见的单词和句子，考试时便可信手拈来，这将大大提高备考的针对性和答题的速度。这样的话题包括：环境保护、身体健康、优良品质、成功智慧、家庭关系、同学关系（合作）、与老师的关系、外出活动、校园生活、社会问题、科技、文化与跨文化交流等等。各地试卷和全国卷对这些话题各有侧重，在高考最后复习阶段，应根据本地高考真题和当年的模拟题有针对性地加以准备。

第二，语言方面：掌握最容易操作的单词、句子、段落三个层次上的写作技巧，每学到一个新知识点，想想能否在作文中将它使用出来。

第三，结构方面：我们坚决反对“模板式”地生搬硬套，但提倡用合乎英语语言习惯和阅卷教师喜好的“套路”自己打造针对每篇文章的个性化模板。

高考英语作文的类型包括：书信类、看图写作文类、话题类等。

表格式书面表达是近年高考常选的命题方式之一，而且，所用体裁也相对稳定，以记叙文、应用文、说明文为主；题材多种多样，有书信、日记、介绍、通知等。

考生只需根据表格里的提示内容，确定所要表达的要点，最后运用自己所掌握的句型和词语知识，写出一篇要点全、语句通、条理清、表达明、思路活、书写正的短文。

具体的范文模板链接：