先举个例子:My dear mother send me a moving letter from America.在这个句子中,My mother 是主语,dear,nice为定语 send是谓语,me是宾语,a letter是补语,from America是状语.从这个特定的例子中,我们初步看看这几个语言成分究竟怎么来识别.1,主语,通常为动作发出者,信是妈妈发出的,那么妈妈就是主语.2,谓语,动词一般作谓语,指发出的动作.3,定语,一般对于名词的限定修饰作用.在此句中,妈妈是怎样的呢?是亲爱的,信是怎样的呢?是感人的.所以,dear 和moving都是定语.3,宾语,就是动作的承受者,信是发给我的,那么me就是宾语.4,补语,动作是发,动作承受者是我,这个动作的结果是什么呢?我收到了信,那么信就是对发送这个动作的补充,成为补语.5,状语,一般修饰谓语和整个句子,这里是修饰整个句子.具体表达动作的程度,动作发出的条件,动作的发出地等.通常是介词短语和副词做状语.
1状语是指描述被描述对象的状态,包括时间状语,地点状语,方式状语,伴随状语,让步状语等2能够做状语的一般包括副词,介词短语,非谓语短语,从句等3副词,如carefully,例句:he did his housework carefully4介词短语,如in the classroom,例句he did his homework carefully in the classroom5非谓语短语,如seen from the top of the mountain,或者when facing difficulties,例句 Seen from the top of the mountain,the houses beneath are very small 或者When facing difficulties,we should keep calm6从句,如时间状语,地点状语,让步状语,原因状语等 例句 He will come back next week when the opening cenemony begins He will come to the school where he spent his childhood Although he failed in the exam ,he never gave up his goals The reason why he failed in his exam is that he gives up his goals halfway