2013年北京卷英语

Many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals their career (职业). Even fewer will be 1 by the whole world, 2 the title of United Nations Messenger (使者)of Peace. 3 one woman has achieved all that. She has lived with chimpanzees(黑猩猩) in the African forest for more than 20 years and made great 4 . This woman is Jane Goodall. She was born in London, England, in 1934. Goodall's lifelong 5 in animals began at an early age. By the age of 10 or 11, Goodall 6 going to Africa to live with animals. This was quite a strange dream in those days, as young 7 didn't think of having such "wild actions. But she was 8 by her mother. She told her that if she really wanted somtehing, she should work hard, take advantage of 9 and never give up looking for a way. When a close friend invited Goodall to Kenya in 1957, she readily 10 within a few months of her arrival she met the famous anthropologist (人类学家)Dr. Louis Leakey, who soon decided that Goodall was the 11 person he was looking for to begin a 12 of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania. In July 1960, Goodall arrived at Combe National Park in Tanzania. At the beginning, studying the chimpanzees was not 13 for her. The animals fled from her 14 , so it took months for her to get close to them. With a strong 15 ,she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too 16 . Gradually the chimpanzees became used to her presence. She discovered many things of chimpanzees during her first years at Combe National Park. In October 1960, she observed a chimpanzee making and using 17 to fish for termites (蚂蚁). This discovery threw 18 on the popular idea at the time that Man was the world's only toolmaker. The longer Goodall's research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimpanzees are very 19 to humans. Since the mid-1980s Goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise people's sense about environmental 20 "Let's live in the new age witlh hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love,"she said. 1. A. recognized B. known C. praised D. admitted 答案: A 指导：recognize此处意为“承认(地位、影响等)”。此处指在动物研究方面得到世界公认的人屈指可数。known"被知道”语意太轻，“赞扬”意义太片面，admitted"被接受”不合题意。2. A. receiving B. giving C. enjoying D. having 答案: C 指导：enjoymg为现在分词做伴随(结果状语)，意为“享有(地位、声誉等)。此处根据题意不能用“收到”或“给”；have一词不能用于进行时。3. A. So B. Actually C. But D. Finally 答案: C 指导：转折词but与前文形成对比关系，强调Jane Goodall成就非凡。此处与前面构成的是转折关系，其他选项不合逻辑。4. A. discoveries B. decisions C. choices D. findings 答案: A 指导：makeadiscovery为固定短语“发现”。findings意思也是“发现”，但与动词make不搭配。5. A. study B. interest C. sense D. dream 答案: B 指导：从全文看，JaneGoodall一生都对动物“感兴趣”。sense意为“感觉”，其他也不合题意。6. A. was fond of B. tired of C. insisted D. dreamed of 答案: D 指导：dreamOf doing sth．“梦想干……”，此处指Jane Goodall一直梦想着到非洲去。Befond of “喜欢”；betired of“厌倦干”；insisted on"坚持要”。7. A. boys B. girls C. men D. women 答案: B 指导：由常识以及后面的"wildactions"可知，此处指“女孩”，即女孩一般不会有这么狂野的行为。把握了人物的身份再结合常识可排除其他选项。8. A. encouraged B. prevented C. advised D. forced 答案: A 指导：由转折词But可知，Jane Goodall得到母亲的“鼓励”。由后面母亲鼓励她的活可排除其他选项。9. A. knowledge B. youth C. hope D. chances 答案: D 指导：母亲鼓励她应充分利用“机会”，不达目的，决不罢休。“知识”“青春”“希望”均不合题意。10. A. accepted B. refused C. hesitated D. considered 答案: A 指导：JaneGoodall愉快地“接受”了朋友的邀请。accept意为“接受”邀请、建议等。hesitate“犹豫”，consider“考虑”不合题意。11. A. only B. last C. special D. first 答案: C由全文内容判断，在非洲森林中研究黑猩猩是一项“特殊”的任务，因此需要Jane Goodall这样“特殊的”人选。此处不说明顺序问题，因此排除其他选项12. A. project B. study C. center D. career 答案: B 指导：通览全文可知，此处指对黑猩猩的“研究”。扣住文章的中心可排除其他选项。13. A. hard B. interestingC. easy D. convenient 答案: C 指导：由后文黑猩猩一开始恐惧地逃跑这一信息可知，这不是“容易的”工作。14. A. in surprise B. in a hurry C. as expected D. in fear 答案: D 指导：由语境判断，黑猩猩是“惊恐地”逃跑。结合原文叙述的中心：女科学家在非洲大森林中研究黑猩狸这一特殊的情况可排除其他干扰项。15. A. will B. body C. desire D. mind 答案: A 指导：Jane Goodall虽然遇到困难，们并未放弃，因此是“意志”坚强。此处不指强壮的“身体”，强烈的“欲望”等。16. A. far B. near C. soon D. much 答案: C 指导：有后面黑猩猩“逐渐”适应了JaneGoodall的出现判断，应用soon，因为soon意为“快”，指“时间”概念。其他不指“时间概念”。17. A. nets B. tools C. holes D. sticks 答案: B 指导：从下文的toolmaker判断，这是JaneGoodall的重大发现：黑猩猩也会制作并使用“工具”。但此处并不涉及具体使用什么样的工具，故不选D“棍棒”。18. A. doubt B. light C. questions D. beliefs 答案: A 指导：由于JaneGoodall的发现使人们对当时大家普 遍接受的观点产生了怀疑。throw doubt on意为“对……产生疑问”。而throwlight on的意思是“使……明朗”。19. A. close B. similar C. friendly D. helpful答案: B 指导：JaneGoodall的发现使人们认识到黑猩猩与人类很“相似”。close表示关系“亲密”或实力“接近”，不合逻辑。20. A. improvement B. protection C. pollution D. destruction 答案: B 指导：Jane Goodall想通过自己的演讲提高人们环境“保护”的意识。由常识可排除improvement“改进”；destruction"破坏”不合题意。**********************************************结束（陕西卷）完形填空In a land far away, once upon a time there was great poverty （贫困）,and only the rich could manage without great _26_. Three of those rich men and their servants were_27_together on a road when they came to a very_28_village.The first could not stand seeing the poverty, _29 he took all the gold and jewels from his wagons (四轮载重马车) and shared _30 out among the villagers. He wished them all the best of luck, and he left. The second rich man ,seeing the _31 situation, stopped for a short time and gave _32 all his food and drink, since he _33 see that money would be of little _34 to them. He made sure that they each _35 their fair share and would have enough food to _36 for some time . Then, he left.The third rich man, on seeing such poverty, _37 and went straight through the _38 without stopping. The two other rich men saw this from a distance and commented with each other_39 the third rich man lacked sympathy. It was _40 that they themselves had been there to offer help.However, three days later, they 41 the third rich man ,who was coming in the opposite direction . He was 42 travelling quickly, but his wagons, 43 the gold and valuables they had been 44 ,were now full of farming tools and bags of 45 .He was rushing back to help them out of poverty.26. A. loss B. expectations C. success D. problems 【D】27. A. standing B. travelling C. gathering D. running 【B】28. A. faraway B. poor C. different D. ancient 【B】 29. A. unless B. because C. so D. if 【C】 30. A. them B. anything C. nothing D. those 【A】31. A. curious B. worrying C. dangerous D. puzzling 【B】32. A. the villagers B. his servants C. the others D. the rest 【A】33. A. could B. might C. should D. must

你是说这三段？People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and self-evaluation by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can’t focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.最近的一个研究 指出 那些经常一心多用的人 往往就是同时做两件事做的最糟糕的人。这个根据 250 大学学生的表现和自我检讨得到的结果, 指出许多人一心多用, 并不是因为他们想要增强工作生产量, 而是因为他们很容易分心或是不能专注于做一件事。 犹他大学的心理学家 David Sanbonmatsu 说 "这类人其实是最不能一心多用的"。Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation-seeking (寻求刺激) or imperative (冲动) they were. They then evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.Sanbonmatsu 和他的同事们给了这些学生一组问卷来问他们多常 一心多用, 问他们认为自己一心多用的能力多好, 又问他们是否喜欢寻求刺激或容易冲动。然後他们要这些学生一面做一些数学运算, 一面记忆一组字母, 用这个很刁难的方法来测试这些学生一心多用的能力。Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.这些科学研究员说, 不出意料之外, 很多人自以为比一般人还能一心多用, 而那些自以为能的人常用一面开车, 一面用手机通话, 或是同时看多种媒体为例子。 可是这些时常一心多用的人在那刁难的测验中, 往往表现最差。 这些人也多半承认自己是喜欢寻求刺激或容易冲动的 - 这种性格 (在心理学中) 和易于感觉无聊 和易于分心是有关连的。

北京卷英语阅读分以下3类：1、第一类是：细节题、词汇题、句子理解题和指代题，这类题型主要考察文章的细节；2、第二类：判断题和推理题，这类题归结到文章的段落，句子与句子的关系；3、第三类：例证题、主旨题和态度题，这是考察文章宏观和整体内容。