火药的英语简介

黑火药是我国古代的四大发明之一，距今已有1000多年的历史,黑火药是在适当的外界能量作用下，自身能进行迅速而有规律的燃烧，同时生成大量高温燃气的物质。在军事上主要用作枪弹、炮弹的发射药和火箭的推进剂及其他驱动装置的能源，是弹药的重要组成部分。火药最初主要用于医药，这从其命名的"药"字即可见一斑，后来火药传至欧洲才用于军事.Black powder is one of the four great inventions in ancient China, which has a history of more than 1000 years. Under the action of appropriate external energy, black powder can burn rapidly and regularly, and generate a lot of high-temperature gas at the same time. In military, it is mainly used as the energy source of gun, shell propellant, rocket propellant and other driving devices, and it is an important part of ammunition. Gunpowder was mainly used in medicine at first, as can be seen from its name "medicine". Later, gunpowder was spread to Europe before being used in military

Dynamite火药Dynamite refers to a kind of mixture which has saltpeter, charcoal and sulfur as its main components and can burn quickly or explode when lighted.火药指一种以硝石、木炭和硫磺为主要原材料的混合物，它能够快速燃烧并在点燃后爆炸。Both saltpeter and sulfur are combustible and had served as medicine in ancient China, so they are called dynamite, which means “flaming medicine” in Chinese.硝石和硫磺都是易燃物，它们在中国古代都被作为药材。In Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, written in the Qin and Han dynasties, the authors illustrated the medical characteristics of saltpeter and sulfur, and recorded the experimental results of smelting saltpeter.因此它们被称为火药，在中文中是“燃烧的药”的意思。Qing Xuzi of the Tang Dynasty recorded the method of dealing with dynamite powder in the course of alchemy, which marked the real birth of the primitive dynamite powder.《神农本草经》中曾写道：秦汉时期，作者就曾举例说明硝石和硫磺的药物疗效并记录了冶炼硝石的实验结果。唐朝的卿旭子记录了炼金术中火药粉末的使用方法，这标志着真正的原始火药粉的诞生。However, it was not until the 10th century or so that dynamite powder began to be used as a weapon.然后，知道10世纪左右，火药才被当做一种武器。A few works have recorded the formulas for making artillery, fireballs and poisonous smoke balls, and the setting up of dynamite powder production workshops.一些书籍中记载了制造火炮、火球、毒气球以及火药粉生产车间的步骤。After that dynamite powder making skills were steadily developed.从那时起，火药粉末的制造技艺就处于稳步发展中。In 1126, the army of the Song Dynasty attacked its enemy, the army of the Jin Dynasty, with “the thunder-bolt artillery”，while the Jin Army fought with “the thunder artillery”.1126年，宋朝军队用“霹雳炮兵”攻击了它的敌人，金朝军队的“雷霆炮兵”。In 1359, the army of the Yuan Dynasty used “the fire canister” on the battlefield.1359年，元朝军队在战场上运用了火药桶。Until the Ming Dynasty, the formula for dynamite powder recorded in Ji Xiao Xin Shu by Qi Jiguang had been similar to the standard military black powder of today.到明朝时，戚继光《纪效新书》中记录的火药的配方与今天标准的军事黑火药相似。The alchemy and saltpeter of ancient China began to spread into the area of Arabia from the 8th or 9th century,while the production skills of dynamite powder and powder weapons spread gradually first into Arabia and then into Europe from the 13th century on.中国古代的炼金术和硝石在公元8到9世纪传入了阿拉伯地区，而火药粉的制造工艺以及火药武器先慢慢传入了阿拉伯，之后在13世纪才传入了欧洲。