详细定义英语

English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria. Following the economic, political, military, scientific, cultural, and colonial influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 18th century, via the British Empire, and of the United States since the mid-20th century, it has been widely dispersed around the world, become the leading language of international discourse, and has acquired use as lingua franca in many regions.It is widely learned as a second language and used as an official language of the European Union and many Commonwealth countries, as well as in many world organizations. It is the third most natively spoken language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish.Historically, English originated from the fusion of languages and dialects, now collectively termed Old English, which were brought to the eastern coast of Great Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) settlers by the 5th century – with the word English being derived from the name of the Angles.A significant number of English words are constructed based on roots from Latin, because Latin in some form was the lingua franca of the Christian Church and of European intellectual life. The language was further influenced by the Old Norse language with Viking invasions in the 8th and 9th centuries.The Norman conquest of England in the 11th century gave rise to heavy borrowings from Norman-French, and vocabulary and spelling conventions began to give the superficial appearance of a close relationship with Romance languages to what had now become Middle English. The Great Vowel Shift that began in the south of England in the 15th century is one of the historical events that mark the emergence of Modern English from Middle English.Owing to the significant assimilation of various European languages throughout history, modern English contains a very large vocabulary. The Oxford English Dictionary lists over 250,000 distinct words, not including many technical or slang terms, or words that belong to multiple word classes.

英语（English）是联合国的工作语言之一，也是事实上的国际交流语言。英语属于印欧语系中日耳曼语族下的西日耳曼语支，并通过英国的殖民活动传播到世界各地。由于在历史上曾和多种民族语言接触，它的词汇从一元变为多元，语法从“多屈折”变为“少屈折”，语音也发生了规律性的变化。根据以英语作为母语的人数计算，英语可能是世界上第三大语言，但它是世界上最广泛的第二语言。世界上60%以上的信件是用英语书写的，上两个世纪英国和美国在文化、经济、军事、政治和科学上的领先地位使得英语成为一种准国际语言。

详细

详细的英语翻译是：detailed

重点词汇：

读音：英 [ˈdiːteɪld]  美 [ˈdiːteɪldˌdɪˈteɪld]

释义：adj. 详尽的，详细的；（装饰）精细的，细致的

v. 详细说明，详述；（尤指军队中）派遣，选派（detail 的过去式和过去分词形式）

短语：

例句：

这项工程需要作详细的成本估算。

让我们更详细地看待这些观点。

英语形容词是构成表语的主要词类之一,说明主语的性质、状态等。下面是我整理的英语里什么是表语，欢迎阅读。

表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的ing形式、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。

(1)表语是用来说明主语的特征、状态等，补充说明主语的意义，因此，它也叫作主语补语。

表语一般用在连系动词后面，连系动词除了be之外，还有become(成为)、look(看起来)、turn(变成)、go(变成)、seem(似乎)、appear(似乎、显得)、feel(摸起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)等等。可做表语的有: 形容词、代词、名词、分词、动名词、数词、介词短语或副词和从句：例如： We are students. He is very clever.

(2)英语表语中一般与连系动词构成系表结构，常用的连系动词有：

be(am/is/are;was/were),look,feel,smell,sound,taste,seem，go,appear,keep,remain,become,get,grow,turn等。表语在句中的位置大致有两种：正常位置(位于连系动词之后)和倒装位置(位于句首)。

1.正常位置：在系表结构中表语放在连系动词之后。

eg:He became very interested in science.

His face turned red.

The rubbish dump smells terrible.

2.倒装位置：有时出于句法或修辞的要求而将表语提到句首。主要有以下四种表语前置的情况：

(1)在由what,how引导的感叹句中。

eg:What fun it is to jump in a pool or go swimming in a river in summer!

(2)在由as引导的让步状语从句中。

eg:Proud as these nobles are,he is afraid to see me.

(3)为了强调表语。

eg:In front of the house was a tall tree.

(4)为了使句子结构平衡，将较长的主语放在句末，而将较短的表语提到句首。

eg:Such would be our home in the future.

表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。

一、什么是表语(predicative)

在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰的是主语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语常由名词形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词(be, become, appear, seem等)之后。

Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics. 阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是一位有名的物理学家。

二、不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别

不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”;分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。

1.Our plan is to keep the affair secret. 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。(主语和表语是相等的)

2.This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world. 这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。(主语和表语是不相等的)

三 、不定式和动名词作表语的区别

不定式和动名词作表语虽都是用于回答主语“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作;动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。

His job is to paint the walls. 他的工作是粉刷这些墙

四、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别

现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。

1.This dog is frightening. 这条狗让人害怕。(说明狗的特征)

2.This dog is frightened. 这条狗有些害怕。(说明狗的状态)

五、不定式作表语和不定式表示将来时的区别

不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”，和主语之间是可以划等号的，不定式用来表示将来时态时，表示主语即将要执行的动作，和主语之间是不能划等号的。

What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales. 他想建议的是降价促销。

六、-ing动词作表语和-ing动词用于进行时的区别

动名词作表语说明主语“是什么”，现在分词作表语说明主语是特征。-ing动词用于正在进行时时，说明主语正在执行的动作。

She is taking care of the children. 她在照料小孩。(说明她正在执行的动作)

七、过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态的区别

过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态，过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。

1.The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。(说明杯子是状态)

2.The cup was broken by Peter. 杯子是被彼得打坏的。(说明杯子承受的动作—被打坏了) 例子：

一. 名词作表语

Africa is a big continent. 非洲是个大洲。

That remains a puzzle to me. 这对我还是个难题。

二. 代词作表语

What’s your fax number? 你的传真号是多少?

Who's your best friend? 你最好的朋友是谁?

三. 形容词作表语

I feel much better today. 我今天感觉好多了。

四. 数词作表语

She was the first to learn about it. 她是第一个知道的人。

五. 不定式或ing形式作表语

Her job is selling computers. 她的工作是销售电脑。

Our next step was to get raw materials ready. 我们下一步是把原料准备好。

六. 介词短语作表语

The patient is out of danger. 病人脱险了。

I don’t feel at ease. 我感到不自在。

七. 副词作表语

The sun is up. 太阳升起来了。

I must be off now. 现在我得走了。

八. 从句作表语

This is what he said. 这就是他所说的话。

九、不定式作表语

作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容，这时主语通常是如下名词：

hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.

新技术的目的是使生活更便利，而不是更繁琐。

Her wish is to become a singer. 她的愿望是当一名歌手。

Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks. 我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。