职称英语a级试题

全国职称英语等级考试，分综合、理工、卫生三个类别，每个类别分A、B、C三个等级，不同类别、不同级别的试卷内容，除综合外，普通英语与专业英语题目各占50％左右。A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。第1部分词汇选项（四选一，第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）考查应试者理解在一定语境中单词或短语意义的能力。本部分为15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。第2部分阅读判断（三选一，第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，短文后列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。第3部分概括大意与完成句子（选择搭配，六选四，第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，有2项测试任务：（1）短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题；（2）短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。每4部分阅读理解（四选一，第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。本部分为3篇文章，每篇300-450词，每篇文章后有5道题。要求应试者根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。第5部分补全短文（六选五，第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者思路的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，文中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，其中5组取自文章本身。要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应位置，以恢复文章原貌。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

First Image-recognition Software

1. Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.

2. The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则) for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel (像素) data in images and potentially video — rather than just text — to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned (收集) from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions (图片说明), making for more accurate document search results.

3. "Over the last 30 years," says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, "the Web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia data set, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨) of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search."

4. The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system — a type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed — that extracts semantic (语义的) information from the pixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询)on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.

23. Paragraph 1 ____

24. Paragraph 2 ____

25. Paragraph 3 ____

26. Paragraph 4 ____

A. Function of the new system

B. Improvement in document retrieval

C. Publication of the new discovery

D. Problems of the existing search engines

E. Popularity of the new system

F. Artificial intelligence software created

27. The new system does document retrieval by ____.

28. The new system is expected to improve precision in ____.

29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore __ __

30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the ____

A. using photos

B. description of the HTML page

C. current popular search engines

D. document search

E. information in images

F. machine vision systems

参考答案：第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)

23-26. F A D B

27-30.A D E C

C: lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution D: still consider lead pollution a problem 答案:D 解析: 推理题。题干 ：通过最后一段能推测出什么? 最后一段提到了两项研究说明某些生态系统对大气污染的减少给出了快速的回应， 但是这并不能作为进一步污染行为的许可证。因此D正确， 科学家们仍然认为铅污染是个问题。 (41) 根据下面材料，回答题。 It is predicted that there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century. We'll knowwhere we came from. Why does the universe exist? To put it another way, why is theresomething instead of nothing? Since the 1920s, scientists have known the universe isexpanding, which means it must have started at a definite time in the past. They even havedeveloped theories that give a detailed picture of the evolution of the universe from the timeit was a fraction of a second old to the present. Over the next couple of decades, thesetheories will be refined by data from extraordinary powerful new telescope. We will have abetter understanding of how matter behaves at the unfathomably high temperatures andpressures of the early universe. We'll crack the genetic code and conquer cancer. In 19th century operas, when the heroinecoughs in the first act, the audience knows she will die of tuberculosis in Act 3. But thanksto 20th century antibiotics, the once dreaded, once incurable disease now can mean nothingmore serious than taking some pills. As scientists learn more about the genetic code and theway cells work at the molecular level, many serious diseases--cancer, for one- will becomeless threatening. Using manufactured "therapeutic" viruses, doctors will be able to replacecancer causing damaged DNA with healthy genes, probably administered by a pill or injection. We'll live longer (120 years?) If the normal aging process is basically a furious, invisiblecontest in our cells- a contest between damage to our DNA and our cells ability to repair thatdamage- then 21st century strides in genetic medicine may let us control and even reversethe process. But before we push scientists to do more, consider: Do we really want to live ina world where no one grows old and few children are born because the planet can hold onlyso many people? Where would new ideas come from? What would we do with all that extra time? We'll "manage" Earth. In the next millennium, well stop talking about the weather but willdo something about it. Well gradually learn how to predict the effects of human activity onthe Earth,its climate and its ecosystems. And with that knowledge will come an increasingwillingness to use it to manage the workings of our planet. We'll have "a brain road map". This is the real "final frontier" of the 21st century: The brainis the most complex system we know. It contains about 100 billion neurons (roughly thenumber of stars in the Milky Way), each connected to as many as 1,000 others. Early in thenext century, we will use advanced forms of magnetic resonance imaging to producedetailed maps of the neurons in operation. We'll be able to say with certainty which ones areworking when you read a word, when you say a word, when you think about a word, and soon. The sentence "In 19th century operas, when the heroine coughs in the first act, the audienceknows she will die of tuberculosis in Act 3" means__________. A: there was not antibiotics at that timeB: tuberculosis was a terrible disease that couldn't be cured during 19th centuryC: the health of the heroine was very poorD: this was a common situation in the 19th century operas 答案:B 解析: 细节题。题干 ：句子“在19世纪的戏剧中，如果女主角在第一幕开始咳嗽， 观众们就会知道在第三幕时会因为肺结核而死去” 的意思是__________。 第二段说如果女主角在第一幕中咳嗽的话，观众便会知道她将在第三幕中因肺结核而死 。接着说这种病0nce dreaded和once incurable disease，即“那样可怕的不治之症”。可知B正确。 (42) It will become easy to cure some serious diseases because__________. A: scientists will crack the genetic code B: "therapeutic" viruses will be used C: healthy genes will be used to replace cancer causing damaged DNA D: all of the above 答案:D 解析: 推理题。题干 ：治疗一些严重的疾病会变得很容易，因为__________。A、B、C 在第三段都提到这一点，因此选D。 (43) According to the passage, the normal aging process is__________. A: a process in which people become older and older B: a contest that can be seen C: a long process of struggling D: a fight between damaging DNA and preparing the damage 答案:D