英语语法大全word

高一英语语法是学习整个高中英语语法的开始，也关系到整个高中英语语法的基础好坏，那么高一英语语法有哪些内容呢?下面由我为大家整理的高一英语语法大全，希望对大家有所帮助!

高一英语语法大全

虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

主语从句的虚拟

1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do

常见的形容词有：necessary, important, strange, natural

It's important that he take my advice.

2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do

常见的名词有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish

It's a pity that he be so silly.

3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do

常见的过去分词有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,

proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。

It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.

宾语从句的虚拟

1. 表命令，表建议，表要求的动词，后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should) do。

I advise that he stay at home.

2. wish后接从句，虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。

I wish I had watched the football match last night.

注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。

1. as if, as though

He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.

2. otherwise, but, even though

He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.

3. with, without, but for

Without your help, I would have died two years ago.

But for your help, I would have died two years ago.

4. would rather I'd rather you told me yourself.

5. It's time that

It's time that you went to bed.

It's time that you should go to bed.

表语从句中的虚拟

在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

名词从句部分

1. that不可省略的情况

2. that引导同位语从句和that引导定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的that是连词，不做成分，只连接主从句，不能省略;定语从句中的that要代替先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语，并且做宾语时可以省略。从语义上看，同位语从句是对前面名词的解释、说明或内容;而定语从句时对前面名词的限定。

We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on

popular science. (that引导同位语从句)

The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people

in disaster areas. (that引导定语从句)

3. 要根据句子结构尤其是谓语动词判断从句的类型：

What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

本句含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句，主句的动词为is。

It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

本句含有一个主语从句，主句的动词为is known to。

As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

本句含有一个定语从句，主句的动词为took place，as引导非限制性定语从句。

4. 名词性从句的语序和语态。

名词性从句均应用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序，其时态应该和主句时态保持一致。

5. 名词性从句中连词的省略。

介词后的连词以及引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。that引导名词从句(除了引导第一个宾语从句可省略外)都不可省略，但是引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省略。

that不能省略的情况：

1)介词后面的that不能省略：

Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.

2)当that引导的宾语从句位于句首时：

That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe.

3)主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语，that不省略：

She said that, if she failed, she would try again.

4)当宾语从句有其他从属连词时，that不省略：

He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time.

6.名词性从句中it的使用：

为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下，it作形式主语或形式宾语，将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。

定语从句

关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。

(1)that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。

a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如，

Everything (that) he did is wrong.

b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如，

I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.

c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，

This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.

d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如

He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.

e. 只用which的情况

在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中

This is the book about which we have talked a lot.

The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.

f. where和when作关系副词

This is the room where I worked.

This is the room which I stayed in.

I remembered the day when we lived there.

I remembered the day that I spent there.

g. as和which

as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以

As you know, he is good at English.

three of them 和three of which

I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.

I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.

(2. )“介词+关系代词”的情况：

在固定短语中介词不能提前;判断介词的口诀：瞻前顾后看意义

瞻前——看先行词;顾后——找从句动词;看意义——看全句表达含义

(3. )先行词在从句中充当地点状语时，关系词用where 或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当时间状语时，关系词用when或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当原因状语时，关系词用why或者for which。

(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定语从句中代表主句所表达的内容的区别：

位置不同：as从句放在主句前或后均可;而which从句只能放在主句后

作用不同：as从句动词常常是see \know等，因而相当于插入语;which从句则在陈述一件事实。

状语从句部分

1.while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。

2. no matter wh- 与wh-ever 的联系及区别：no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，No matter wh-不能。

No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.

3. 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，

用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。

4. 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：①否定词开头;②so 加adj. 开头;③as /

though引导的让步状语从句。

5. 连词before小结：

We had sailed four days before we saw land. (……才)

We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. (不到……就)

Please write it down before you forget it. (趁……)

Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (还没来得及)

It will be/was…before…要过多久才……

6. because, since, as 引导原因从句的区别：because表达直接原因，语气最强，回答why;

since通常放句首，译为“既然”;as引导不谈自明的原因，语气最弱;

7. as可以引导多种从句，要注意其中的区别。

8. till, until和not…until的区别;if和unless的区别。

非谓语动词部分

动词不定式几点注意。

1.下列动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay,

expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to,

would like to等。

2. 不定式常用的句型：too…to do (太……而不能), …enough to do…(够……就能

……), so as to do/in order to do(为了……)，so…as to do/such…as to do(如

此……结果……)。

3. 不定式的三个结构：即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。

否定结构为“not (never) to do”;疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;复合结构是“for/ of +名词(或代词宾格)+ to do ”。

4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel

这些动词带不定式作宾补时，省掉to, 若这些动词以被动形式出现时，应加上to。

5. 当前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination,

ability, opportunity(机会)，way时，一般用不定式作定语。

6. but/ except + to do/ do 结构，要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do,

does, did时，but后用动词原形;谓语动词是其他动词时，but后用“to + 动词原形”的形式。

7. 形容词后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 两个外)。

You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。

He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他现在正忙于预习功课。

8. 不定式作定语和表语时，有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。

This is a bench to sit on.(这是用来坐的凳子。)

This room is comfortable to live in. (这个房间住起来很舒适。)

9. 在“主语+系动词+adj.+不定式”这个句型中，当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式不用被动，不能在动词后再放宾语。

The question is easy to answer. (question是answer的宾语，不能说：The question is easy to be answered. 也不能说：The question is easy to answer it .)

包含高中英语全部语法的13个句型

1. as 句型

(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……”

例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.

正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。

(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; 否定式：not as/so --- as

例：He is as good a player as his sister.

他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。

(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……

例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.

她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。

(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……

例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.

他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。

(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)

例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.

他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。

(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)

例：He is not the same man as he used to be.

他不是从前的那样子了。

(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句

例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.

众所周知，知识就是力量。

(8)引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近

例：We get wiser as we get older.

随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。

(9) 引导原因状语从句，与 because的用法相近

例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.

因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。

(10) 引导让步状语从句

例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.

尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。

2. prefer 句型

(1) prefer to do sth

例：I prefer to stay at home.

我宁愿呆在家里。

(2) prefer doing sth

例：I prefer playing in defence.

我喜欢打防守。

(3) prefer sb to do sth

例：Would you prefer me to stay?

你愿意我留下来吗?

(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth… 宁愿…...而不愿...

例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.

我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.

(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth

例：I prefer watching football to playing it.

我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。

(6) prefer sth to sth

例：I prefer tea to coffee.

我要茶不要咖啡。

3. when 句型

(1) was/were doing sth...when...

例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.

他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。

(2) was/were about to do sth ... when ...

例：We were about to start when it began to rain.

我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。

(3) had just done ... when ...

例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.

在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。

4. seem 句型

(1) It +seems + that从句

例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.

看来好像每个人都很满意。

(2) It seems to sb that ...

例：It seems to me that she is right.

我看她是对的，

(3) There seems to be ...

例：There seems to be a heavy rain.

看上去要有一场大雨。

(4) It seems as if ...

例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.

看样子她不能来上课了。

5. 表示“相差……; 增加了……; 增加到……”的句型

(1) She is taller than I by three inches.

她比我高三英寸

(2) There is one year between us.

我们之间相差一岁。

(3) She is three years old than I.

她比我大三岁。

(4) They have increased the price by 50%.

他们把价格上涨了50%

(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.

他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。

6. what 引导的名词性从句

(1) what 引导主语从句

例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.

让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。

[ indifferent adj.不关心的;冷漠的]

(2) what 引导宾语从句

例：We can learn what we do not know.

我们能学会我们不懂的东西。

(3) what 引导表语从句

例：That is what I want.

那正是我所要的。

(4) what 引导同位语从句

例：I have no idea what they are talking about.

我不知道他们正在谈论什么。

7. too句型

(1) too ... to do ...

例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)

政治太重要了，不能由政治家来决定。

(2) only too ... to do ...

例：I shall be only too pleased to get home.

我要回到家里就非常高兴。

(3) too + adj + for sth

例：These shoes are much too small for me.

我穿这双鞋太小了。

(4) too + adj + a + n.

例：This is too difficult a text for me.

这篇课文对我来说太难了。

(5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过

例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

8. where 句型

(1) where 引导的定语从句

例：This is the house where he lived last year.

这就是他去年住过的房子。

(2) where 引导的状语从句

例：Where there is a will，there is a way.

有志者事竟成。

He left his key where he could find.

他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。

I will go where I want to go.

我要去我想去的地方。

(3) where 引导的表语从句

例：This is where you are wrong.

这正是你错的地方。

9. wish 句型

(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事

例：I wish I were as strong as you.

我希望和你一样强壮。

(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事

例： I wish you had told me earlier

要是你早点告诉我就好了。

(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事

例：I wish you would succeed this time.

我希望你这次会成功。

10. would rather 句型

(1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……

例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.

她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。

(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事

例：I would rather have taken his advice.

我宁愿过去接受他的意见。

(3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事

例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.

我真希望通过上星期的考试。

(4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事

例： Who would you rather went with you?

你宁愿谁和你一起去?

11. before 句型

(1) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……

例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.

我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。

(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……

例：It will be 4 years before he graduates.

他还有四年时间变毕业了。

(3) had done some time before (才……)

例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.

我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。

(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……

例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.

我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。

(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……

例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.

还没到两年他们离开了那国家。

12. 强调句型

(1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)...

例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.

是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。

(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ...

例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?

在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?

(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that ...

例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?

明天你究竟怎样去看望她?

(4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语)

例：They do know the place well.

他们的确很熟悉那个地方。

13. 用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型

(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.

例：I would like to have written to you.

我本想给你写信的。

(2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)

例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.

Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。

初中英语语法大全

一、词类、句子成分和构词法：

1、词类：英语词类分十种：

名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.

2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who,she,you,it.

3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good,right,white,orange.

4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.

5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am,is,are,have,see.

6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now,very,

here,often,quietly,slowly.

7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a,an,the.

8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above,behind.

9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before.

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh,well,hi,hello.

2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I‘mMissGreen.(我是格林小姐)

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：theroomeveryday.(杰克每天打扫房间)

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名

词、代词或形容词担任。如：MynameisPingping.(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：Hecanspelltheword.(他能拼这个词)

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接

宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：Hewrotemealetter.(他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾

语。如：Hewrotealettertome.(他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：Shanghaiisabigcity.(上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：()

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：Theyusually

keeptheirclassroomclean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/Heoftenhelpsmedomy(他常常)/Theteacherwantedme)

☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：WhereisyourclassmateTom?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)

3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。

1、合成法：如：spaceship,headache,basketball,playground等等。

2、派生法：

(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如：

inventor,learner,swimming,congratulation,kindness,carelessness,knowledge

(2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥

Chinese;Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy,sunny,hopeful,beautiful,interesting,follwing,daily(每日的),nervous,delicious

(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly②其它,如：slowly,angrily,full→fully,good→well,possible→possibly等等。

3、转换法：

(1)形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干),clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等

等。

(2)动词→名词,如：look,walk,rest,work,study,swim,go,talk等等。

(3)名词→动词,如：hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。

(4)形容词→副词,如：early→early,fast→fast等等。

(5)副词→连词,如：when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。

(6)介词→副词,如：in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。

二、名词：

1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：

1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如：Beijing,Tom,thePeople‘sRepublicofChina(中华人民共和国)

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：theGreatWall(长城)

姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：theGreens(格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil,family,man,foot.

普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如：box,child,orange；

不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water,news,oil,population,

information.

2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：

①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables.②s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes,box→boxes,hero→heroes,dish→dishes,bench→benches.

[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos,piano→pianos.

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families,city→cities,party→parties.

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives,knife→knives.

2、不规则变化：man→men,woman→women,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth,fish→fish,child

→children,ox→oxen,goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：abagofrice→twobagsofrice,apieceofpaper→threepiecesofpaper,abottleofmilk→fivebottlesofmilk.

3、名词所有格：

1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法

如下：

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加?s。如：Childern‘sDay(儿童节),mysister‘sbook(我姐姐的书)

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加?。如：Teachers‘Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加‘s.如：newspaper(),break(),China‘spopulation(中国的人口).

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。

如：

afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿).

2、[注解]：

①?s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：myaunt‘s(我阿姨家),thedoctor‘s(诊所)②两人共有某物时,可以采用AandB‘s的形式,如：LucyandLily‘sbedroom(露西和丽

丽合住的卧室)

③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：afriendofmyfather‘s(我

父亲的一位朋友),afriendofmine(我的一位朋友)

4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：

1、和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词

用单数形式：如：Thecomputerwasagreatinvention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)Thewaterintheglassisverycold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

2、集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,

①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.(三班是好班)

②如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：ClassThreehaveamapofChina.(三

班有张中国地图)

3、Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复

数。如：Thereisasheepintheyard.(院子里有只绵羊)/Therearesomesheepintheyard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

4、maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：Thenewsisveryexciting.

(这个消息令人兴奋)

5、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

6、alotof后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。baseballnow.(现在有许多学生在打垒球)wastedonthatwork.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

7、and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,

谓语则用单数。如：Theteacherandhissonarepickingapplesnow.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果)/Fishandchipsisveryfamousfood.(鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)

8、therebe句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：Thereisatableandfourchairs

intheroom.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)

9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：requiredtobeheretomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：Awomanwitha.(一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)

11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的)/Neitheryounorgoingthere.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Twomonthsisnot

ashorttime.(两个月不是个短时间)Twothousandkilometersisquitealongdistance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)

13、主语中含有halfof…/(threequarters)of…/all(of)the….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名

词确定,如：OverthreequartersoftheinformationontheInternetisinEnglish.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的)/Athirdofthestudentswereplayingnearthelake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍)/Allofthewaterintheserivershasbeenpolluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)

但是,population一词又有特殊情况：What‘(中国人口是多

少？)(句子用单数)/ThreequartersoftheinthiscityareArabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的'人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)

5、部分名词用法辨析：

1、sport、game、match、race的区别：sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大；game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛；race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：Peopleallaroundtheworldenjoy(全世界的人都喜爱运动)/The2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句)/Ourschoolfootballteamwontheleague(联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军)/They(汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)

2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的

文娱活动；holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如：TheShanghaiTelevisionFestivalwillbeheldnextmonth.(上海电视节将在下个月举行)/Sundayisaholidayandmostpeopledonotwork.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作)/Whatareyougoingtodo(在暑期你打算做什么事情？)

3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅

行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如：HemadeuphismindtomakethetoDunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/Hehasgoneonawalkingtour.(他步行观光去了)/HetookseveraltripstoShanghailastyeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次)/DidyougotoSantiago(圣地亚哥)duringyour(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？)/throughthickforestsisdangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)

4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人

的“嗓音”。如：Thenoiseofthestreetkeptmeawakeinthenight.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠)/Allofasuddentherewasthesoundofshotsandacry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫)/Thesingerhaslostherringingvoiceasaresultofabadcold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)

5、fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同；fishes指许多种类的鱼；

fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如：Therearemanykindsoffishesinthepool.(池子里有很多种类的鱼)/Ipreferfishtomeat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)

三、代词：

1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、

疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。

1购物)/AretheyfromBrazil?(他们是巴西人吗？)/Wherehavetheygone?(他们上哪

儿去了？)/That‘sit.(就那么回事)/It‘she!(是他！)

2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：(今年

谁教你们的英语？)/Helpme!(救救我！)/Weoftenwriteletterstoher.(我们常给

他写信)

3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可

以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：--Whoisit?(是谁？)–It‘sI/me.(是我。)

4、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如：.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班)–Whowillgothere?(谁要去那儿？)–.(你和我)

5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”

等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词

或者名词性从句。如：--What‘stheweatherliketoday?(今天天气怎样？)—It‘s

fine.(天气晴好)/--What‘sthetime?(几点啦？)–It‘s12：00.(12点)/It‘salongwayto

go.(那可要走好长的路)/Ittookhimthreedaystocleanhishouse.(打扫屋子花了他

三天的时间)/Itisveryclearthatthepublicwanttoknowwhenthesemencangointo(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空)learnaforeignlanguagewell.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)

Isthatyourumbrella?(那是你的伞吗？)/IoftengotoseemyauntonSundays.(我经

常在星期天去看望阿姨)/Theyaretheirbooks.(是他们的书)

2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主

语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：

Thisisyourcup,butwhereismine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？)/Your

.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)

3、“of+名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：

Afriendofminecametoseemeyesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了)(指若干朋

友中有一个来看我。)

[试比较].(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个

特定的朋友来看我。)

4Don‘tplaywiththeknife,youmighthurt(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)

2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：

Onlyhedidn‘ttellitwell.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)

6、指示代词：指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。

初三英语总复习资料介词I. 要点 1、介词和种类 (1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。 (2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。 2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。 (2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at (3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等. 3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如： He came right after dinner. He lives directly opposite the school. 4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例 (1) at, on, in(表时间) 表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。 指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。 指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。 (2) between, among(表位置) between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如 I'm sitting between Tom and Alice. The village lies between three hills. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students. (3) beside, besides beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如： He sat beside me. What do you want besides this? (4)in the tree, on the tree in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上 (5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道 by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法 (6)in the corner, at the corner in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外 (7)in the morning, on the morning in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨 (8)by bus, on the bus by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车 II. 例题 例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English? A except B but C beside D besides 解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？ 例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night. A on B at C in D during 解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。 例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter. A to B in C at D on 解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。连词 I. 要点 1、 连词的种类 (1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。 (2) 从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。 除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。 2、 常用连词举例 (1)and 和，并且 They drank and sang all night. (2) both…and 和， 既…也… Both my parents and I went there. (3) but 但是，而 I'm sad, but he is happy. (4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么… Either you're wrong, or I am. (5) for因为 I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him. (6) however 然而，可是 Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go. (7) neither…nor 既不…也不 Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you. (8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且… He not only sings well, but also dances well. (9) or 或者，否则 Hurry up, or you'll be late. Are you a worker or a doctor? (10) so 因此，所以 It's getting late, so I must go. (11) although 虽然 Although it was late, they went on working. (12) as soon as 一 …就 I'll tell him as soon as I see him. (13) because 因为 He didn't go to school, because he was ill. (14)unless 除非，如果不 I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow. (15)until 直到… He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构) He stayed there until eleven. (16)while 当…时候，而 (表示对比) While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词) My pen is red while his is blue. (17)for 因为 He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的) (18)since自从… I have lived here since my uncle left. (19)hardly… when 一… 就 I had hardly got to the station when the train left. (20)as far as 就… 来说 As far as I know, that country is very small. You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里) II. 例题 例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David. A as well B as well as C so well D so well as 解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。 和…一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B. 例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A when B where C which D while 解析：该处意为"然而"，只有while有此意思，故选D。 例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away? A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise 解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。 动词时态、语态 I. 要点 1、 一般现在时 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school. (2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun. 2、 现在进行时 (1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如： What are you doing now? (2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如： He is always doing good deeds. 3、 现在完成时 主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing? 4、一般将来时 表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如： I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. We're going to see a film next Monday. 5、一般过去时 表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：It happened many years ago. 6、过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如： What were you doing this time yesterday? 7、 过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如： The train had already left before we arrived. 8、一般过去将来时 表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如： He said he would come, but he didn't. 9、被动语态 被动语态的时态，以give为例。 时／式 一般 进行 完成 现在 am is given are am is being are has been given have 过去 was given were was being given were had been given 将来 shall be given will shall have been given will 过去将来 should be given would should have been given would II.例题 例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950. A had died B died C dead D is dead 解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。 例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents. A is looked B has looked for C is being looked for D has been looked 解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。 短语动词 I. 要点 英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种： (1) 动词＋介词 常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如： Don't laugh at others. I didn't care about it. (2) 动词＋副词 常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don't forget to hand it in. (3) 动词＋副词＋介词 常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： All his money added up to no more than $100. After a short rest, he went on with his research work. (4) 动词＋名词＋介词 常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time. (5) 动词＋形容词 常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如： The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. (6) 动词＋名词 常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如： This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people. (7)辨析 give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止) put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭) turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开) keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近) make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认) take off(脱，起飞) 和 take out(拿出) II. 例题 例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age. A put away B kept up C given away D laid up 解析：该题正确uot;；give away意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____. A touch B relation C connection D friendship 解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。 例3 ____! There's a train coming. A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on 解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。 动词不定式 I. 要点 1、 不定式的形式。以动词write为例。 式｜语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have written to have been written 进行式 to be writing 完成进行式 to have been writing 2、 不定式的句法功能 (1) 作主语 To hear from you is nice. To be a good teacher is not easy. 不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It's nice to hear from you. It's not easy to be a good teacher. (2) 作宾语 通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：I forgot to lock the door. Please remember to write to me. (3) 作表语 My job is to pick up letters. He seemed to have heard nothing. (4) 作定语 不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如： I have two letters to write. I have a lot of work to do. (5) 作宾补 通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如： He ordered her to leave at once. He was forced to obey his order. (6) 作状语 He got up early to catch the first bus. He worked hard to catch up with the other students. (7) 作独立成分 To tell you the truth, I told a lie. (8) "疑问词＋不定式"结构。 如： I don't know how to choose them. I cannot decide where to go. (9)不定式的否定式。如： I decided not to go. (10)不定式的完成式。如： He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in. The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week. (11)too…to 结构。如： He was too excited to go to sleep. He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去) (12)主动表被动。如： The book is easy to read. I have a book to read. II.例题 例1 I haven't got a chair ____. A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting 解析：该题选C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语，修饰名词chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。 例2 He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go 解析：该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。 例3 A new factory is ____ very soon. A to be built B built C to build D to building 解析：该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。