2012text1英语一

Come on -Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends. 21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as [A] a supplement to the social cure [B] a stimulus to group dynamics [C] an obstacle to school progress [D] a cause of undesirable behaviors 22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should [A] recruit professional advertisers [B] learn from advertisers’ experience [C] stay away from commercial advertisers [D] recognize the limitations of advertisements 23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to [A] adequately probe social and biological factors [B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure [C] illustrate the functions of state funding [D]produce a long-lasting social effect 24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors [A] is harmful to our networks of friends [B] will mislead behavioral studies [C] occurs without our realizing it [D] can produce negative health habits 25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is [A] harmful [B] desirable [C] profound [D] questionable

2012考研英语text1通常说会者不难，主要还是看自己根据对应难度和范围的内容准备得充分与否。要想学好英语首先就要煅炼好自己的听力。环境很重要，在平时选择多听，多看，比如多看些英语电影，多听些英语听力，提高听力。

最后一道是主观题，每年都有争议，但话语权在命题组，原文没有题目，都是他们编的，看下这个就知道了2014 考研英语一阅读分析（一）文章来源 考研英语一阅读分析（二）获得信息

2022扫描书籍PDF讲义

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若有资源问题欢迎追问~

2018年考研的时间也不多了，这时候拼的是爆发力，拼的是方法和效率，每个科目复习都要集中精力做更利与提分和决定成败的部分，在阅读理解上要抓住一些常考知识点和技巧就行了。以下是我推荐英语一阅读高频考点及一些解题技巧的知识，欢迎阅读!

一、as结构

regard…as…(2011)

call…as…(2011)

use…as…(2004)

consider…as…(2004)

treat…as…(2014)

portray…as…(2012)

view…as…

see…as…

look upon…as

treat…as…

think of…as…

二、否定词

2011 Q22 细节题---猜词 unpretentious-modest

2011 Q39 细节推理题---猜词 unrealistic-misleading

2012 Q26 词义题 reneging on-dishonoring

2012 Q40 态度题 but, bad-disapproval

2013 Q23词义题 indictment-accusation

2014 Q24 细节推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get-uneasy

2015 Q27 态度题 discard-disapproval

三、特殊标点

2013 Q34 细节题 冒号

2012 Q24 细节推理题 冒号

2012Q 29 细节题 冒号

2011 Q36 观点题 冒号

2007 Q31 细节题 冒号

2012 Q36 推理题 分号

2013 Q25 主旨题 分号

2014 Q38 细节题 分号

阅读解题技巧

一、细节题

【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法

【解题步骤】

1. 找题干关键词，精确定位到文章(题干的关键词一般会定位到文章的某句或者相连的两句中)

2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章

【例题】2012年Text1

22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.

[A] recruit professional advertisers

[B] learn from advertisers' experience

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

【解题步骤应用】

1 题干定位：段落的最后一句

Rosenberg--- Rosenberg

holds---argues

that---that

public-health advocates--- public-health advocates

should---ought to

因此，答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

2 选项定位

答案[B] learn from advertisers' experience

learn from---take a page from 表"学习"。

experience---skilled 表示"有经验的，很娴熟的"。

二、推断题

【解题方法】找段落中心句

寻找段落中心句方法：

第一、逻辑上出现转承关系的句子(转折、因果、递进，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示词的句子);

第二、有明确表示观点的路标指引词(think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…)

第三、含有情态动词的句子(should, must…)

第四、含有特殊标点的句子(冒号、破折号、引号、括号)

第五、特殊句型(疑问句、倒装句、强调句、省略句)

第六、平铺直叙段落中，注意首末句

【解题步骤】

1. 根据题干，寻找该段落中心句,

2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写

【例题】2009年Text4

37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.

[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history

[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life

[D] were obsessed with religious innovations

To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.

【解题步骤应用】

1. 寻找段落中心句(转折处)

But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.

2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写

答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

New Englanders--- the original Puritans

brought with ---carriers

them---the original puritans

the culture---culture

old world---European

三、态度题

【解题方法】作者态度分类法

1. 在判断感情色彩时，应结合以下两点。

1)作者态度可以分为三大类：a. 正向态度：支持，乐观，赞同; b. 客观、中立、公正;c. 负向态度：反对、批评、怀疑

2)特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。不要把自己的态度纳入其中，而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。

2. 匹配选项。匹配选项时应该注意：

1)有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。

2)一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。

3. 态度题的新趋势：

1)现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度，也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度，做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。

2)选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词，而是改为带有程度限制的词语，带有如下词语的选项往往是正确的：guarded慎重的，qualified有条件的，tempered缓和的，因为带有保留态度的观点比较客观，一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly completely entirely

【解题步骤】

1.判断选项ABCD的态度正负向，将四个选项进行分类(正向，负向)

2.根据关键词，回文定位判断态度。

【例题】2015年Text 2

They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.

27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of

[A] disapproval.

[B] indifference.

[C] tolerance.

[D] cautiousness.

【解题步骤应用】

1 判断选项态度的正负向

[A] disapproval反对的(负)

[B] indifference漠不关心的(中立)

[C] tolerance包容(正)

[D] cautiousness谨慎的(正)

2 回文判断态度

They should start by discarding California's lame argument

因此，根据文章的discarding，可以确定是表示负向否定态度，因此答案选A。

四、主旨题

【解题方法】1串线法 2主题词复现法 3框架法

【解题步骤】

1. 找出段落中心句或者主题词

2. 串联各段段落中心句，合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨

【例题】2008年Text 1

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?

[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

【解题步骤应用】

1. 总结每段中心

Para1 女性比男性压力大

Para2 从生物角度而言，女性比男性压力大

Para3 现实中，女性比男性压力大

Para4 女性和男性面对的压力的不同特点

Para5 举例论证女性压力的特点

Para6 女性压力的现状及应对建议

2.合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨

Para1 women men stress

Para2 women men stress

Para3 women men stress

Para4 women men stress

Para5 women stress

Para6 women stress

Para1-Para4 women men stress(两性压力不平等)

Para5-Para6 women stress(压力下的女性)

正确答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

特殊标点符号

有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象，因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉：逗号、冒号、括号、破折号、引号以及问号。

(1)逗号：两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容，通常都起到补充说明第一个逗号前面内容的作用。

【真题回放2000-Text5】

Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”

69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.

[A] they think of it as immoral

[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth

[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits

[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible

(2)冒号：其解释说明或者高度概括。

【真题回放2007-Text4】

① It never rains but it pours. ② Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. ③ Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.

36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce

[A] the fierce business competition.

[B] the feeble boss-board relations.

[C] the threat from news reports.

[D] the severity of data leakage.

(3)括号：其解释说明作用。

【真题回放2006-Text2】

① Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (②The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.③ Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.)④ The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.

[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending

[B] the company is financially ill-managed

[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable