东京英文介绍

香喷喷的耗子

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Tokyo , officially Tokyo Metropolis is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. It is located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture and the city of Tokyo . Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family.Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo.It was first fortified by the Edo clan, in the late 12th century.In 1457, ōta Dōkan built Edo Castle. In 1590, Tokugawa Ieyasu made Edo his base and when he became shogun in 1603, the town became the center of his nationwide military government. During the subsequent Edo period, Edo grew into one of the largest cities in the world with a population topping one million by the 18th century.[14]It became the de facto capital of Japan[15] even while the emperor lived in Kyoto, the imperial capital. After about 263 years, the shogunate was overthrown under the banner of restoring imperial rule. In 1869, the 17-year-old Emperor Meiji moved to Edo. Tokyo was already the nation's political and cultural center,[16] and the emperor's residence made it a de facto imperial capital as well with the former Edo Castle becoming the Imperial Palace. The city of Tokyo was established, and continued to be the capital until it was abolished as a municipality in 1943 and merged with the "Metropolitan Prefecture" of Tokyo.Central Tokyo, like Osaka, has been designed since about 1900 to be centered around major train stations in a high-density fashion, so suburban railways were built relatively cheaply at street level and with their own right-of-way. This differs from many cities in the United States that are low-density and automobile-centric. Though expressways have been built in Tokyo, the basic design has not changed.

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TOKYO是英语根据“东京”两个汉字在日语里的发音翻译过去的。

东京（日文：东京；平假名：とうきょう；英语：Tokyo），日本首都，位于日本关东平原中部，是面向东京湾的国际大都市，日本三大都市圈之一东京都市圈的中心城市。 “东京”狭义上指东京都、旧东京府或东京都区部（旧东京市），亦可泛指东京都市圈。东京是江户幕府的所在地，江户在庆应4年7月（1868年9月）改名为东京。

在明治2年3月28日，日本的都（みやこ）从京都迁移到东京。自德川幕府时代以来开始成为日本主要都市之一，明治维新时期改名为东京后，更发展为日本政治、经济、文化、交通等众多领域的枢纽中心。经过二战后的继续发展，东京不仅成为世界商业金融、流行文化与时尚重镇，亦为世界经济发展度与富裕程度最高的都市之一。东京也是亚洲第一大城市。

名字由来：

将江户改称为东京的想法，在江户时代后期经世家的佐藤信渊于文政6年（1823年）创作的《宇内混同秘策》中就已经出现了。佐藤在书中记录了如下构想：为了让日本活跃于世界舞台，有必要将都城移到江户，并命名为东京，将大阪命名为西京，形成东京、西京、京都的三京。

大久保利通受到佐藤的影响，建议将江户改称为东京。

1868年9月（庆应4年（明治元年）7月），根据颁布的诏书《江戸ヲ称シテ东京ト为スノ诏书》，成立了管辖江户町奉行支配区域的东京府，由此，开始使用东京这个名称。

虽然有了东京这种表记方法，但是没有颁布关于读音的正式法令。虽然将“とうきやう”（吴音）作为正规读音使用，但是明治20年代前半时期由于残留着汉音的发音习惯，将其读作“とうけい”的也不在少数。

由于日刊报纸的发展使人们的信息得到广泛交流，在第1期的国定国语教科书中，将东京的读法表记为“トーキョー”，避免了混乱使用。并且，关于汉字写法，到昭和初期为止，也有写成“东亰”的混乱用法。“亰”是“京”的异体字。使用“亰”字，是为了区别于中国的古代的东京（洛阳或开封等地），后来使用了同样的京字。