英语中倒装句

谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。倒装句可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be动词等功能置于主语这前。

引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种：

1、在there be 及其类似结构中

例1：There are forty students in our class.

例2：There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet.

例3：There stands a bridge across the river.

2、在表示祝愿的句子中

例1：Long live the People’s Republic of China!

例2：May you succeed!

例3：Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on.

3、在疑问句中

例1：How are you getting along with your work?

例2：Is this report written in detail?

注：如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装。

相关信息：

倒装句的结构分为：部分倒装结构，谓语的一部分跑到了主语之前。例句：can we learn English。完全倒装结构，谓语整个部分放到主语之前，主谓变成谓主，例句：In the classroom sits a student。

倒装句的结构，倒装句。请大家注意第一个字读的是倒。那么倒装句英语当中有两种情况，我们就知道一下，一个叫做部分倒装，一个叫完全倒装。

表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here he comes. Away they went.

部分倒装结构及用法

把谓语的助动词、情态动词放在主语前面为部分倒装。在下列情形中出现部分倒装。

一、把“so ... that ...”句型中的“so + 形容词 / 副词”部分放在句首时，be动词或助动词放在主语前面。如：

So frightened was the girl that she daren't move an inch further.

二、用so，neither或nor构成的特殊句型，表示另一人或物也具有和前面提到的同样情况时，出现部分倒装。如：

Jim asked the question. So did Lily.

三、把具有“否定”意义的词语放在句首时，出现部分倒装。如：

Never shall I forget your advice.

四、注意下面几种情形的'倒装：

1. “only + 状语从句”和“not until + 从句”位于句首时，在主句中进行倒装。如：

Not until the child slept did the mother leave the room.

2. “not only...but also...”连接两个分句，not only位于句首时，倒装在not only所在分句进行。如：

Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.

3. “no sooner...than...”句型中的no sooner位于句首时，倒装在no sooner 主句中进行;“hardly / scarcely...when...”句型中的hardly位于句首时，倒装在hardly / scarcely主句中进行。如：

No sooner had I gone in the house than it began to rain.

4. 当if引导从句表示虚拟语气时，if可省，再把从句中的were，had或should放在主语前面，形成部分倒装。如：

Had we been present, such a thing would not have happened.

5. 当as引导让步状语从句时，参照下面的形式进行特殊倒装。如：

Proud as these women are, they still look very weak. (作表语的形容词提前)

Student as he is, he often works in the factory. (作表语的名词提前，同时省去不定冠词a)

Hard as she worked, she couldn't support her family. (修饰谓语动词的副词提前)

Try as he would, he might fail again. (带助动词的谓语动词提前)

五、部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1.句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…,not only…(but also), hardly/scarcely…(when), no sooner…( than) 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

2.so, either, nor作部分倒装

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

If you won''t go, neither will I.

3. only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

4. as, though引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

Young boy as he is, he knows a lot about basketball teams.

Hard as it was, they reached the peak of the mountain.

5.其他部分倒装

1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：

May you all be happy.

3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。

Were I you, I would try it again.

常见考法 ：

1. not until 引导时间状语(从句)时的倒装;

2. 含so 的句子倒装与不倒装的区别;

3. only引导状语或状语从句时的倒装;

4. 虚拟条件句省略If时的倒装。

误区提醒1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is

A. man did know B. man knew C. didn''t man know D. did man know

解析：答案为D.否定词not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2) Do you know Tom bought a new car?

I don''t know, ___.

A. nor don''t I care B. nor do I care

C. I don''t care, neither D. I don''t care also

解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

英语倒装句的12种类型1、“there be”结构在这一结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。There is a box on the table.桌子上有个盒子。2、疑问句疑问句为倒装形式。Is she singing in the classroom?她是不是正在教室里唱歌?3、here、there等副词开头的句子(部分)在here、there等副词开头的某些句子中(要用一般现在时态)(前两个例句);如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。(完全倒装)(最后一个例句)There goes the bell.铃响了。Here is an apple for you.这个苹果给你。There she comes.她来了。4、重复倒装句型在以so、nor、neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”;nor、neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。I am watching TV. So is she.我在看电视，她也是。My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.我父母昨晚没有看电视，我也没看。5、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装(完全倒装)"Very well," said the French student.“很好”，那个法国学生说道。"Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please."said he.“请给我2个鸡蛋喝一杯茶”，他说。6、否定副词开头的句子(部分倒装)在以never、little、hardly、notonly、few、not、seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装;如果不放在句首就不要倒装。Little did he say at the meeting.在会上他没说话。Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army. 我不会忘记我参军的那天。