英语倒装句how

倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化，主要作用是强调被提前的部分倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种：一、全部倒装谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装，如：Out came his guest.On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.二、部分倒装助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装，如：Neither could he see through your plan.So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.Doesn't her invitation appeal to you?第一节 否定词提前倒装否定词用于句首时，句子应进行部分倒装否定词常用的有：Not only…(but also), Not until(直到…..才), No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/SeldomHardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/LittleNeither/Nor (也不) NwhereAt no time Under no circumstances(决不)On no account (决不)In no way其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用，需注意：后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装，只有否定词之后的部分倒装如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he came out first as well.No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.Seldom does he travel about.Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中，需填入的是倒装部分，只要在句首见到上述的词，就应条件反射的想到用倒装句 例题：(1) ---- was the first fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid. (A) Not until 1866 (B) Until 1866, just (C) Until 1866 (D) In 1866, not until 答案：A解释：由被动式was laid被名词短语分割开可知, 此句是个部分倒装句, 选项中只有A否定词提前可引导倒装句, 1866应是until的宾语, 故D不对; 此句正常语序应为: The first fully successful transatlantic cable was not finally laid until 1866. (2) Not until 1931 ---- the official anthem of the United States.(A) “The Star-spangled Banner” did become(B) when “The Star-spangled Banner” became (C) did “The Star-spangled Banner” become (D) became “The Star-spangled Banner” 答案：C解释：否定词not放在句首引起部分倒装，只有C符合倒装语序 第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装当句子没有宾语，且主语偏长时，往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首，引起主谓的全部倒装如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had cast. Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government, which she had blamed for all the social injustices. Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties. 例题：(1) Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent ----, or pronghorn. (A) it is the American antelope (B) the American antelope is (C) is the American antelope (D) the American antelope 答案：C 解释：此句为形容词短语be typical of作表语前置引起的完全倒装句, 空白处缺少的实为倒装的主语和谓语动词, A B未倒装, 可首先排除; D无动词, 也可排除. 此句正常语序应为: The American antelope, or pronghorn, is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent. (2) The glaciers that reached the Pacific Coast were valley glaciers, and between those tongues of ice ----that allowed the original forests to survive. (A) that many sanctuaries were (B) were many sanctuaries (C) were there many sanctuaries (D) there the many sanctuaries 答案：B解释：and是并列句的连接词，逗号前是分句一，and后是分句二. 因分句二中between引导的介词短语提前，空格处需要分句二倒装的主谓语，D无谓语，可先排除；A使原句只有从句无主句; C中there是多余的，只能选B第三节 副词提前倒装副词提至句首引起倒装，可分以下几种情况：1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前，必须部分倒装如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been. Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was danger. Only in the library can she concentrate on her study. 2. often, such, so等副词提前，部分倒装 如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam. =He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam. Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer. 注意，so的另一种倒装是表示“也…” California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida. 加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入，佛罗里达也是这样 同理，体会一下neither, nor的倒装 He can't dance, neither/nor can I.= I can't, either. 他不会跳舞，我也不会。 3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前，全部倒装 如：Off got the staggering gentlemen.Here are the photos I took at the seaside. 例题：(1) As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does the ABCDenvironment. 答案：D应改为：has解释：逗号后是副词so引起的倒装句，表示同前者相同，倒装的助动词应与前一句一致，也用has (2) Only outside the Earth's atmosphere ---- to attain extremely high velocities. (A) to be safe for a space vessel (B) is it safe for a space vessel (C) for a space vessel to be safe (D) a space vessel to be safe 答案：B解释：副词only引导状语放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装，只有B符合题意第四节 疑问倒装疑问句需部分倒装语序，由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。如：What part did he play in Hamlet? Do you prefer tea or coffee? 例题：(1) Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people----long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.(A) will they live(B) they will be living(C) will live(D) living 答案：C 解释：此句是how many 引导的疑问句, 缺少倒装的谓语部分, 但因主语people已出现在句首疑问词之后, 不需要再进行主谓倒装. A B 中的they是people的重复, 没有必要; D 不能单独作谓语

倒装英语句子的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，这种语序称作正常语序或自然语序。但有时出于语法或达到某种修辞目的(强调、承上启下、平衡等)的需要，要把谓语动词放在主语前面，这种语序称作倒装(Inversion)语序。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，称完全倒装(Full Inversion)；如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。1. there be结构的倒装在“there be”(或there + appear to be，come，exist, happen to be, lie, live, occur, remain, seem, seem to be, stand, used to be) 雪结构中，倒装形式为完全倒装。如：There were many students in the reading room in this evening.今晚阅览室里有许多学生。2. here，there，now，then等引起的倒装在以here,there,now,then等简短副词引起的句子中(前三个须用一般现在时)，动词往往是be,come,go等时， 这类句子大多带有引起注意的含义。如：Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。但要注意：如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。如：Here they are. 他们在这儿。 3. 省略if的非真实条件状语从句中的倒装虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时，were, had, should须移至主语之前。如：Had you worked harder at college, you would have got better job.如果你在大学期间读书用功些，现在就会找到一份更好的工作。4. 副词so， neither， nor等引起的倒装在用so, nor, neither表示“也/不……”这一类结构里其公式是:肯定: so+be/have/助动词/情态动词＋主语否定: Neither(nor)+be/have/助动词/情态动词＋主语。如：—He has been to Beijing.他去过北京。—So have I.我也去过。—They can’t answer the question.他们不会回答这个问题。—Neither than I.我也不会。 5. what，how引起的倒装以What, how开头的感叹句(表语或宾语提前)。如：What beautiful weather (it is)!多好的天气啊！(表语提前)What a lovely picture he painted!他画了一张多好的画啊！(宾语提前) 6. 疑问词或连接词引起的倒装在疑问词或连接词whether等引起的从句中。如：Whatever you may say, I won’t go there.无论你怎样说，我都不会去那儿。(状语从句中宾语提前) 7. 否定词位于句首时引起的倒装(1). never，seldom，hardly，little，few等引起的倒装否定词never，seldom，rarely，hardly，barely，scarcely，little，few等位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如：Never shall I forget the days when you were with us. 我很少有时间去看电影。(2). nowhere，no longer，no more等引起的倒装nowhere(无处)，no longer(不再)，no more(也不)等否定词位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式：No longer was he in charge of this work.他不再负责这项工作了。(3). not until，not a，not in the least等引起的倒装not until(直到……才)，not a(一个……也没有)，not in the least(一点儿也不)，not for a minute/moment(一点儿也不)等位于句首时，通常引起倒装(not a之后的名词作主语时除外)，其形式通常为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如：Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike. 一直到所有的要求遭到拒绝之后，工人们才决定罢工。(4). under no circumstances，by no means，in no way等引起的倒装in/under no circumstances(无论如何不)，by no means (决不)，in no case (无论如何不)，in no way (决不)，on no account (决不可)，on no condition(决不)等短语位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如：In no case must force be resorted to. 决不准许诉诸武力。8. 关联连词位于句首时引起的倒装(1). not only...but also引起的倒装not only...but also位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时形式或一般过去时形式，则为完全倒装形式。如： Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them.我们不仅应该不怕困难，而且应该尽最大努力去克服它们。(2). neither...nor引起的倒装neither...nor位于句首引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如：Neither Peter wanted the responsibility，nor did his wife.彼得不想担此责任，他妻子也不想担此责任。(3). hardly...when/no sooner...than引起的倒装hardly/scarcely/barely...when或no sooner...than位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如：Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他刚到就又被请走了。(4). so...that引起的倒装so...that位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如：So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldn’t speak.他如此愤怒，以致说不出话来。(5). such...that引起的倒装such...that位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如：Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的威力如此之大，以致所有的窗户都被震破了。 9. only引起的倒装当副词only位于句首并修饰状语或宾语时，引起句子的倒装，其形式通常为部分倒装，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装。如：Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。10. 表语位于句首时所引起的倒装当作表语的形容词、副词、介词短语等位于句首时，常常引起倒装，其形式为完全倒装：Aristotle says，“Plato is dear to me，but dearer still is truth.”亚里斯多德说，“吾爱柏拉图，但更爱真理。”11. 状语位于句首时所引起的倒装(1). 当位于句首的状语是一些表示地点的介词短语或表示运动方向的副词（如away，back，down，in，off，out，up）时，常常引起倒装，其形式为全部倒装。如：Away went the runners.赛跑手们刷地跑开了。(2).介词短语作地点状语，放在句首，后面跟的是不及物动词be,come,sit live,stand,lie,exist等时常常引起倒装，其形式为全部倒装。如：Next to the table is a chair.桌旁有把椅子。12. 状语从句中的倒装(1).让步状语从句中的倒装as引导的让步状语从句中的倒装：在as引导的让步状语从句中，位于句首的可以是形容词、名词、副词，还可以是谓语动词的一部分，从而形成从句的部分倒装。如：Tires as he was, he continued the work.虽然他累了，但是仍然继续工作。(2).方式状语从句中的倒装as引导的方式状语从句一般为正常语序，但是，如果主语比谓语长，可将谓语动词置于主语之前，形成完全倒装。如：He believed，as did all his family，that the king was the supreme lord.他和他全家人一样，都认为国王是至高无上的君主。(3).比较状语从句的倒装than引导的比较状语从句中的倒装：由than引导的比较状语从句一般为正常语序。但是，如果主语较长，可将谓语动词置于主语之前，形成完全倒装：Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska.内布拉斯加西部地区的降雪通常比东部地区少。 13. the more...，the more...结构中的倒装在以the more...， the more...引导的倒装结构中，采用部分倒装；如果主句的主语较长，可将谓语动词置于主语之前，形成完全倒装。如：The more books you read（宾语提前），the wider your knowledge is（表语提前）．书读得越多，知识就越渊博。

为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。

倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化，主要作用是强调被提前的部分，倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种：

1、全部倒装

谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装。

2、部分倒装

助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装。

3、否定词提前倒装，否定词用于句首时，句子应进行部分倒装。

否定词常用的有：

Not only…(but also)，Not until(直到…..才)，No sooner….(than)(一…..就)，Never/ Rarely/Seldom，Hardly/Scarcely，Few/Little，Neither/Nor (也不)，At no time，Under no circumstances(决不)，On no account (决不)，In no way，其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用，需注意：后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装，只有否定词之后的部分倒装。

4、副词提前倒装

副词提至句首引起倒装，可分以下几种情况：

only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前，必须部分倒装。

例句：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been.

often, such, so等副词提前，部分倒装。注意，so的另一种倒装是表示“也…”

例句：California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida.加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入，佛罗里达也是这样。

neither,nor的倒装

例句：He can't dance, neither/nor can I.= I can't, either.他不会跳舞，我也不会。

in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前，全部倒装。

Down jumpedthe man from the horse.

那人从马上跳下来。（介词位于句首使用完全倒装）

Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.

几本书和杂志散落在地板上。（过去分词位于句首使用完全倒装）

Long live our great country!

伟大的祖国万岁！（某些表示祝愿的句子使用完全倒装）

Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

虽然她处于极大的危险之中，但她根本不顾自己的安全。（含否定意义的副词位于句首使用部分倒装）

Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid.

尽管他们很勇敢，但这样的危险仍使他们感到畏惧。（as/though引导让步状语从句使用部分倒装）

一、完全倒装把整个谓语放在主语前面的倒装形式称为"完全倒装".完全倒装有以下几种形式:1.由引导词there开头的句子中,常用完全倒装.能用于这种结构的动词除了be外,还有appear, seem, look, remain,exist, lie, stand等.例如:There stands a bridge across the river.There appears (to be) a man in black in the distance.2. 由副词here, there,now,then等开头的句子中,如果主语为名词,而谓语是be, come, go一类的动词时,整个句子应采用完全倒装语序.例如:Here is the book you want.Now comes your turn.3. 为了生动地描写动作, in, out, away, up, down, off等副词可以放在句首,形成倒装.例如:Away flew the bird.Up went the rocket into the air.4.当句子主语较长时,常将作表语的形容词、介词短语、过去分词及现在分词等置于句首,形成完全倒装.例如:In the far distance came the thunder of guns of our main attack force.Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.二、部分倒装部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分,即助动词、情态动词置于主语之前,也就是说把句子变成一般疑问句语序.1.如果句子开头是一些含有否定意义的词或短语,如never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, not, at no time, in vain, no sooner...than, on no account, in no case, under no circumstances, by no means等,就应采用部分倒装语序.例如:Never have I found him in such a good mood.At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.2.在以if引导的虚拟条件句中,如果谓语含有had, were, should等词时,if可省略,而采用倒装的语序来表示虚拟的条件.例如:Were the manager here now, he would make a decision.Had I not been able to swim, I would have got drowned.3.句首状语若是由"only+副词"、"only+介词短语"、"only+状语从句"构成,句子用部分倒装.例如:Only on Sundays do they eat with their children.Only when he had done it did he realize it wasn't an easy job.4.由as引导的让步状语从句,可用倒装结构.例如:Pitch-dark as was the night, I still found my home.Strange as it may appear, it is true.5.在以so, nor, neither开头的句子中,如果前句所说的情况也适应于另一人或事物,采用倒装语序.例如:I enjoyed the play and so did my mother.He can't do it, nor can I.