资金分析英文

PD=payable debt

专业术语-财务英语词汇S32 subsidy 津贴；补贴 subsidy code 补贴守则 subsistence allowance 生活津贴；膳食津贴；膳宿津贴 substandard loan 次级贷款 substantial appreciation of prices 价格大幅上扬；价格飙升 substantial benefit 实质利益 substantial savings 巨额储蓄 substantial shareholder 大股东 substantial transaction 重大交易 sub-subsidiary company 再附属公司 sub-total 小计 sub-transferee 次承让人 sub-transferor 次出让人 sub-underwrite 分包销 sub-underwriter 分包销商 sub-underwriting commission 分包销佣金 sub-underwriting contract 分包销合约 subvention 资助金 subvention system 补助制度；资助制度 Subventions and Lotteries Fund Advisory Committee 津贴及奖券基金咨询委员会 successful tenderer 中标者 succession 继承 successor 继承人财务英语词汇 face value 面值；票面价值 facility letter 提供贷款通知书；贷款确认书 Fact Book 19XX 《19XX股市资料》 Fact Sheet 《股市资料》 factor analysis 因素分析 factor cost 要素成本；生产要素成本 factor market 生产要素市场 factor of production 生产要素 factor price 要素价格；生产要素价格 factor system 因素计算法 factoring company 代理融通公司；代理收帐公司 facultative reinsurance business 临时再保险业务 Faculty of Actuaries of Scotland 苏格兰精算师学院 fair dealing 公平交易 fair market value 公平市值 fair return 合理利润；合理收益 fall back 回落 false accounting 伪造帐目 false claim of business expenses 虚报营业开支 false entry 虚假记项 false market 假市 family income 家庭收入 family living expenses 家庭生活开支 family-owned company 家族公司 Far East Exchange 远东交易所 Far Eastern Economic Review 《远东经济评论》 Far Eastern Relief Fund 远东赈济基金 fast market 快市；速动市场 fast trading 交投畅旺 favourable balance 顺差 favourable balance of trade 贸易顺差 Federal funds [United States] 联邦基金〔美国〕 Federal funds rate 联邦基金利率 Federal National Mortgage Association [United States] 联邦国民抵押协会〔美国〕 Federal Open Market Committee [FOMC] [United States] 联邦公开市场委员会〔美国〕 Federal Reserve Board [FRB] [United States] 联邦储备局〔联储局〕〔美国〕 Federal Reserve System [Fed] [United States] 联邦储备系统〔美国〕 Federal Reserve Wire Network [Fedwire] [United States] 联邦储备系统通讯网络〔美国〕 Federation Internationale des Bourses de Valeurs [FIBV] 国际证券交易所联会 Federation of Share Registrars 证券登记公司总会 fee collection procedure 收费程序 fee payable 应缴费用 fees and charges 费用及收费 fees and receipts other than appropriation-in-aid 不包括补助拨款的收费及收益 fellow subsidiary 同集团附属公司 Fidelity Fund 互保基金 fiduciary 受信人；受托人 fiduciary capacity 受信人身分 fiduciary duty 受信责任 fiduciary issue 信用发行 fiduciary loan 信用放款；信用贷款 field audit 实地审查〔税务〕 Field Audit Group [Inland Revenue Department] 实地审核组〔税务局〕 field audit staff 实地审计人员；实地核数人员 final account 决算帐户；最后结算 final and conclusive assessment 最终及决定性的评税 final assessment 最后评税 final consumption expenditure 最终消费开支 final dividend 末期股息；末期摊还债款 final estimate 最终估计 final estimate of gross domestic product 本地生产总值的最后估计 final goods 最终产品 Final Notice for Rates 差饷最后通知书 final salaries tax assessment 薪俸税最后评税 final settlement 最终结算 final settlement price 最终结算价格 final statement 决算表 final tax 最后税款 finance 财务；融资 Finance and Management Services Division [Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited] 财务及行政管理科〔香港联合交易所有限公司〕 Finance Bureau [FB] [Government Secretariat] 库务局〔政府总部〕 Finance Committee [Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited, Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited] 财务委员会〔香港期货交易所有限公司；香港联合交易所有限公司〕 Finance Committee agenda item [FCai] [Legislative Council] 财务委员会议程文件〔立法会〕 Finance Committee of the Legislative Council 立法会财务委员会 finance company 财务公司 Finance Department [Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited] 财务部〔香港联合交易所有限公司〕 Finance Division [Hong Kong Monetary Authority] 财务处〔香港金融管理局〕 finance lease 融资租赁 finance sectorial index 金融分类指数 finance sub-index 金融分类指数 Financial Accounting Section [Hong Kong Monetary Authority] 财务会计组〔香港金融管理局〕 financial adjustment 财政调整 financial administration 财政管理；财务管理 financial adviser 财务顾问 Financial and Accounting Regulations 《财务及会计规例》 Financial and Institutional Coordinating Committee [FINSCOM] 财务监督委员会 financial appraisal 财政评估 financial arrangement 财政安排；财务安排 financial assets 金融资产 financial assistance 经济援助；财政资助 financial auditing 财务审计 financial capacity 经济能力 financial centre 金融中心 Financial Circular 《财务通告》 financial commitment 财政承担；财政承担额 financial community 财经界 financial conglomerate 金融集团 financial constraint 财政约束 financial consultancy service 财务顾问服务 financial contract 财务合约 financial control 财务管理；财务控制；财政规控 financial derivative 金融衍生工具 financial derivative product 金融衍生产品 financial discipline 财政纪律；财务约束 financial disclosure 财务资料披露 financial disclosure rules 财务资料披露规则 financial exposure 财务风险 financial futures 金融期货 financial guideline 财政准则 financial implication 财政影响；财政负担；财政承担 financial information system 财务资料系统 financial infrastructure 金融基础建设；金融基础设施 Financial Infrastructure Section [Financial Services Bureau] 财经基建组〔财经事务局〕 financial institution 财务机构；金融机构 financial instrument 金融工具；金融票据 financial integrity 财政方面的稳健性 financial intermediary 金融中介机构 financial intermediation service 金融中介服务 financial journalist 财经新闻工作者 financial liberalization 金融市场自由化 financial loss 财政损失 financial management 财务管理 financial management and budgeting system 财务管理及预算系统 financial market 金融市场 financial model 财政模式 Financial Monitoring Unit [FMU] [Economic Services Bureau] 财务监察组〔经济局〕 financial objective 财政目标 financial obligation 财政承担；债务 financial performance 财政状况；财政业绩 financial planning 财政计划；财务规划 financial planning guideline 财政计划准则 financial position 财政状况；财务状况；经济状况 financial pressure 财务压力 financial provision 财政拨款 financial prudence 审慎理财 financial requirement 财政需求；资金需要 financial resources 财政资源 Financial Resources Rules: Notes for the Use of Securities Dealers 《财政资源规则：供证券交易商参考的注释》 financial return 财政收益 Financial Secretary 财政司司长 Financial Secretary Incorporated [FSI] 财政司法团 Financial Secretary Incorporated Suspense Account 财政司法团暂记帐 Financial Secretary's Office 财政司司长办公室 financial service 金融服务；财经服务 Financial Services Bureau [FSB] [Government Secretariat] 财经事务局〔政府总部〕 financial services complex 金融服务综合大楼 Financial Services Liaison Committee 金融事务联络委员会 financial services sector 金融服务业 financial sheet 财务报表 financial situation 财务状况 financial statement 财政报告；财务报表 financial support agreement 财务支持协议 Financial Times Index 《金融时报》指数 Financial Times, The 《金融时报》 financial transaction 财务交易 financial vehicle 筹资工具 financial year 财政年度 financing 融资；提供资金；资金融通 financing cost 集资费用 financing package 融资方案 financing study 融资研究 fine 罚款 fineness 纯度；成色 fine-tuning 精确调整；仔细修订 fire insurance 火险 fire risk 火险 firm 商号；事务所 firm market 市况坚挺 firm name 商号名称 firm of certified public accountants and public auditors 执业会计师及注册核数师事务所 firm quotation 实价 firm up 回升；转强 first and paramount lien 首要留置权 first buy order 首次买盘 first calculation 第一计算法 First Commercial Bank 第一商业银行 first demand for rates 首次征收差饷通知书 First Fund 第一基金 first in, first out method [FIFO method] 先进先出计算法 first legal mortgage 首次法律按揭 First Metro International Investment Company Limited 首都国际财务投资有限公司 first mortgage 第一按揭；第一抵押权 first mortgage debenture stock 第一抵押债权股证 First National Bank of Chicago 芝加哥第一国民银行 First Pacific Bank Limited 第一太平银行有限公司 first participant 第一参与者 First Quarter Economic Report 19XX 《一九XX年第一季经济报告》 first sell order 首次卖盘 First Union HKCB Asia Limited 首华亚洲有限公司 fiscal drag 财政拖累；财政障碍；税项负荷加重 fiscal policy 财政政策 fiscal reason 财政理由 fiscal requirement 财政需求 fiscal reserve 财政储备 fiscal restraint measure 财政紧缩措施 fiscal system 财政制度 fiscal year 会计年度；财政年度 fisheries loan 渔业贷款 Fit and Proper Criteria, The 《适当人选的准则》 Five Rams Finance Company Limited 羊城财务有限公司 five-year forecast of revenue and expenditure 五年收支预测 five-year forecast return 五年预测报表 fixed amount of interest 固定利息数额 fixed assets 固定资产 fixed capital formation 固定资本形成 fixed capital investment 固定资本投资 fixed charge 固定费用；固定押记 fixed concessionary rate 固定优惠率 fixed cost 固定成本 fixed cumulative dividend 固定累积股息 fixed deposit account 定期存款帐户 fixed exchange rate 固定汇率 fixed interest investment 定息投资 fixed interest loan stock 固定利息贷款债券；定息贷款债券 fixed interest rate securities 固定利率证券；定息证券 fixed interest securities 固定利息证券；定息证券 fixed parity 固定平价 fixed rate bond 定息债券 fixed rate certificate of deposit 定息存款证 fixed rate liabilities 固定利率负债 fixed rate mortgage 定息按揭 fixed term deposit 定期存款 fixed value 固定价值 fixed-price lump-sum contract 固定总价合约 fixed-price offer 固定价格要约 flat market 市况呆滞；平市 flat rate 划一收费率 flat rate allowance 划一免税额；定额津贴 flat rate charge 划一收费 flexibility arrangement 弹性措施 flexible exchange regime 弹性汇率制度 floatation of shares 股票上市；股票挂牌买卖 floating charge 浮动押记 floating currency 汇率浮动的货币；浮动货币 floating loss 浮动损失；浮动亏损 floating profit 浮动利润 floating rate 浮动利率；浮动汇率 floating rate bond 浮息债券 floating rate certificate of deposit 浮息存款证 floating rate liabilities 浮动利率负债 floating rate note 浮动利率票据；浮息票据 floating rate regime 浮动汇率制度 floor broker 出市经纪 Floor Procedures Working Group [Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited] 市场委员会工作组〔香港期货交易所有限公司〕 floor ticket 交易所买卖单 floor trader 出市代表；出市员 floor trading system 大堂交易系统；场内交易系统 flow chart 流程图 fluctuating overdraft 不定数额透支 fluctuation 波动 folio of ledger 分类帐 foolproof system 万全办法 forced liquidation "斩仓"；强制清盘 forecast figure 预测数字 forecast period 预测期 forecast return 预测报表 forecast submission 呈报预测 forecast trend growth rate 预测趋势增长率 forecast year 预测年度 foreclosure 止赎权 foreclosure order 止赎令 foreign bank 外地银行 foreign bill 外地汇票 foreign credit 海外信用证；海外信贷 foreign currency 外币 foreign currency assets 外币资产 foreign currency deposit 外币存款 foreign currency funding centre 外币融资中心 foreign currency holding 外币持有量；外币储备 foreign currency reserve 外汇储备 foreign currency sovereign debt 外币国债 foreign exchange [forex] 外汇 foreign exchange agreement 外汇协议 foreign exchange allocation 外汇分配 Foreign Exchange and Market Practices Committee 外汇及市场惯例委员会 foreign exchange bought 买入外汇 foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券；外汇券 foreign exchange contract 外汇合约 foreign exchange market 外汇市场；汇市 foreign exchange quotation 外汇报价；外汇牌价 foreign exchange reserve 外汇储备 foreign exchange resources 外汇资源 foreign exchange risk 外汇风险 foreign exchange sold 卖出外汇 foreign exchange turnover 外汇市场交投总额 foreign investment 海外投资；外来投资 foreign note 外地承付票 foreign ownership 外资拥有权 foreign partnership 外地合伙 foreign remittance 国外汇款 foreign stock exchange 外地证券交易所 foreign tax 外地税款 forex dealer 外汇交易商 forex futures 外汇期货 forex option 外汇期权 forfeit 没收物品 forfeiture 没收 forfeiture of contribution 没收供款 forfeiture of sum 没收款项 forged signature 假冒的签名 forgiveness of a debt 免偿债务 formal contingent liabilities 正式或有负债 Fortune Magazine 《财富杂志》 forward assets purchase 远期资产购置 forward contract rate 远期合约成交率 forward exchange rate 远期汇率；期货外汇汇率 forward exchange sold 卖出远期外汇 forward foreign currency assets 远期外币资产 forward foreign exchange contract 远期外汇合约 forward forward deposit 远期有期存款 forward purchase 期货购买 forward rate 远期汇率；期汇率 forward trading 期货交易；远期交易 founding member 创办会员；创办会员国 Fourth Quarter Economic Report 19XX 《一九XX年第四季经济报告》 fractional share 不足一股的股份 fragile consumer sentiment 消费意欲薄弱 Framework Agreement [trading fund] 《架构协议》〔营运基金〕 franc area 法郎区 franchise 专营权；特许权 Frankfurt Stock Exchange 法兰克福证券交易所 franking machine 印花盖印机 fraudulent preference 欺诈优惠；欺诈性优先还款 fraudulent trading 欺诈营商 free enterprise system 自由企业制度 free fiscal reserve 自由财政储备 free market economy 自由市场经济 free of particular average [FPA] 平安险；单独海损不赔 free of payment settlement 免付款交收 free on board price [f.o.b. price] 离岸价格；船上交货价 free surplus 自由盈余；未指定用途的盈余 freehold 不动产所有权；永久产权 freely convertible 可自由兑换 freely remittable 自由汇返 freezing order 冻结令 French Banking Commission 法国银行业监察委员会 French Franc [FRF] 法国法郎 fringe benefit 附带利益 fringe market 外围市场 frozen provision 冻结款项 frustrating effect 破坏性影响 FTSE-100 Index 金融时报100指数 fuel duty 燃油税 Fuji Bank Limited 富士银行 Fuji International Finance (HK) Limited 富士国际财务（香港）有限公司 Fukuoka City Bank, Limited 福冈城市银行 Fukuoka City Finance Limited 冈都市财务有限公司 Fukuoka Finance International Limited 冈财务国际有限公司 full consideration 十足代价 full contracting party 正式缔约国；正式缔约成员 full cost price 十足成本价 full member 正式会员；正式成员 full open market price 十足公开市价 full price 十足价格 full return of contribution 发还全部供款 full valuable consideration 十足有值代价 full year 全年 full year cost 全年经费；全年费用 fully deductible 可全数扣税 fully paid-up capital 已缴足股款的股本 fully paid-up share 已缴足股款的股份 fully secured 有十足抵押 functional analysis 用途分析；功能分析 fund 基金；资金 fund accounting basis 基金会计基准 fund credited 记入基金 fund expenditure 基金开支 fund levy 基金征费 fund management 基金管理 fund of funds 综合基金 fund on account sought 申请临时拨款 fund revenue 基金收入 fund warrant 基金支付令 fundamental analysis 基本因素分析；基础分析 funded debt 长期债款；长期借款 funding 经费；资金 funding cost 集资成本 funding mismatch 资金错配 funds employed 运用资金额 funeral expenses 殡殓费 further sum 额外款项 future dividend 未来股息 future earnings 未来入息 future expenses 未来开支 futures broker 期货经纪 Futures Compensation Fund Committee [Securities and Futures Commission] 期货赔偿基金委员会〔证券及期货事务监察委员会〕 futures contract 期货合约 futures contract in interbank interest rate 银行同业拆息期货合约 futures contract value 期货合约市值；期约市值 futures crossing procedure 期货对盘程序 futures dealer 期货交易商 futures exchange company 期货交易所 futures general clearing dealer 期货通用结算交易商 futures individual clearing dealer 期货独立结算交易商 futures introducing broker 期货介绍经纪 futures market 期货市场 futures non-clearing dealer 期货非结算交易商 futures trading 期货交易 futures trading adviser 期货交易顾问

First, the privately operated enterprise the question and the reasonanalysis which exists in the financial control As everybody knows, business management including productionmanagement, marketing management and financial control and so on manyaspects, but the financial control is the enterprise entire managementsystem core, enterprise's financial control goal is a goal which theenterprise pursues. Obviously, only has take the financial control asthe center, the coordination operates management system each aspect,can effectively strengthen the business management, the promotionenterprise develops.Said from the nation that, the privately operated enterprise quantitymultitudinous, distributed is widespread, the characteristicrespectively differently, in addition receives the macroscopiceconomic environment and the system influence, the privately operatedenterprise was strengthening the financial control aspect to meet thecertain resistance, for example: The policy "the discrimination"causes the privately operated enterprise and the major industry cannotthe fair competition, the local authority, the profession controlsection's intervention, causes the privately operated enterprise thefinancial control goal short-term, again is main is the privatelyoperated enterprise financial control owner's influence oversized andso on some subjective factors existences, causes the financial controlthe importance to neglect. Therefore, in its financial control existsquestion also many and varied, I believed, at present the universalexistence question and the reason mainly have: . (1) financing difficulty, the revolving fund is insufficient, causeslake of the financial control Cheng Duanyuan. At present, the our country privately operated enterprise initiallyestablished has been independent, the channel many Yuan financingsystem, but, financed difficultly, to guarantee difficultly, still wasthe most prominent question which the restriction privately operatedenterprise developed, the main question was: First, is in debtexcessively many, financing cost high, risk big, creates the privatelyoperated enterprise credit rank low, helps the letter relatively to beworse. Second, the majority privately operated enterprise right andwrong major industry, some banks the traditional ideas and theadministrative intervention influence, insufficiently are warm-heartedto its loan. Third, the facilitating agency is not perfect, lacksspecially the financial facilitating agency and the loan guaranteeorganization which serves for the privately operated enterprise loan. Analyzes its main reason to display in two aspects: One is the financeindustry is insufficient to the privately operated enterprise's creditaid. Our country finance system from establishes to the serviceproject, mostly is take the big enterprise as the service object, theprivately operated enterprise's credit service is often neglected.Because the loan is difficult, in the production management processneeds the fund to be insufficient, enormously has restricted theprivately operated enterprise's development. Some privately operatedenterprises, although exists temporarily difficultly, but the bankonce supports can bring back to life; Two is the privately operatedenterprise's financing channel is unitary, adapts the market demandchange with difficulty. As a result of some privately operatedenterprises, in both cannot obtain the bank the loan support, and doesnot have self- financing or to the social public financing ability,imperceptibly, strengthened the enterprise financial control also tobecome an empty talk, the financial control has also become mediateslake of the source. (2) financial control is weak, lacks the scientific nature, causes thefinancial control to take a step difficultly. The majority of privately operated enterprises have the financialcontrol link to be weak, moreover to strengthens the financial controlaspect insufficiently to take, has not understood the financialcontrol from the true significance in enterprise's status. The mainquestion includes: One is the fund management is lax, financialcontrol weak, creates the fund to leave unused or to be insufficient.Two is the receivable account funds turnover is slow, causes the fundrecycling difficulty. Three, the inventory control is weak, createsthe fund delay. Four is re- Qian Qingwu, the property drainsseriously. Analyzes its reason mainly is: One is some privately operatedenterprises thought cash more the better, causes the massive cashesnot to participate in the turnover, some are the fund lacks the planarrangement, excessive purchase real estate, but causes the enterpriseto be unable to deal with the management urgently needed fund, fallsinto the financial difficult position. Two is does not have theestablishment strict selling on credit policy, lacks powerfullydestroys receives the measure, should receive money cannot cash orform the dull account. Three is very many privately operatedenterprises end of the month the goods in stock takes the fund oftento surpass its turnover above two times, creates the fund delayturnover to malfunction. Four is many privately operated enterprisessuperintendents, to management and so on raw material, half-finishedproduct, fixed asset did not arrive, leaves question nobody toinvestigate, the property waste was serious. Above analyzes thereason, most importantly because the enterprise upper formationleadership financial control idea is backward, lacks the scientificnature, the untrue understanding financial control to does in thethought greatly makes the role which the strong enterprise plays, hasnot bought into line with the financial control the businessmanagement in the effective mechanism, lacks the modern financialcontrol idea, caused the financial control to lose it the status andthe function which should have in the business management, took a stepdifficultly. 3) management pattern boundary, manages the idea obsoletely, causesthe financial control to be dark however 失色. Because receives the old financial system since long ago in thethought the restraint, business management personnel's idea comparisonlag. The main question includes: One is at the same time enterprise'sinvestor is the operator. Two is the enterprise superintendent'smanagement ability and the management quality bad, manages the thoughtto be backward. Analyzes its reason mainly is: The privately operated enterprise modelmanagement pattern is the property rights and the operating righthighly unifies, at the same time enterprise's investors is theoperator, this kind of pattern inevitably will give the enterprise thefinancial control to bring the negative influence, in the privatelyoperated enterprise quite a part will belong to the individual tooperate privately the nature, in these enterprises, enterprise leadercentralization phenomenon serious, and will lack the understanding andthe research to the financial control theory method which will besupposed to have, will cause its responsibility not to divide, exceedsauthority to handle affairs, creates the financial control chaotic,the finance will supervise the nucleus not to be lax, accountant thepersonnel alone boat difficult line, to think the standard managementwill be very difficult. The majority of enterprises not or are unableto establish the interior auditing department, even if has, also isvery difficult to guarantee the internal audit the independence.Moreover, some enterprises have not bought into line with thefinancial control the business management in the effective mechanism,lacks the modern financial control idea, the most privateenterpreneurs not yet establish such as scientific management the andso on time value, risk value, marginal cost, opportunity cost concept,as a result of the management pattern boundary, manages the ideaobsoletely, causes the financial control to be dark however forget,has lost it the status and the function which should have in thebusiness management. 大家知道，企业管理包括生产管理、营销管理和财务管理等多个方面，而财务管理是企业整个管理体系的核心，企业的财务管理目标即是企业追求的目标。可见，只有以财务管理为中心，协调运作管理体系的各个方面，才能有效地强化企业管理，促进企业发展。从全国来说，民营企业数量众多、分布广泛、特点各异，再加上受宏观经济环境化和体制影响，民营企业在加强财务管理方面遇到了一定的阻力，例如：政策的“歧视”使民营企业和大型企业不能公平竞争，地方政府、行业管理部门的干预，使民营企业的财务管理目标短期化，再主要的就是民营企业财务管理受业主的影响过大等一些主观因素的存在，导致财务管理的重要性被忽视。所以，其财务管理中存在的问题也多种多样，我认为，目前普遍存在的问题和原因主要有： （一）融资困难，周转资金不足，使财务管理成断源之湖。 目前，我国民营企业初步建立了较为独立、渠道多元的融资体系，但是，融资难、担保难，仍然是制约民营企业发展的最突出的问题，主要问题是：第一，负债过多，融资成本高，风险大，造成民营企业信用等级低，资信相对较差。第二，大多数民营企业是非大型企业，有些银行受传统观念和行政干预的影响，对其贷款不够热心。第三，中介机构不健全，缺乏专门为民营企业贷款服务的金融中介机构和贷款担保机构。 分析其主要原因表现在两个方面：一是金融业对民营企业的信贷支持不够。我国金融系统从设置到服务项目，大都是以大企业为服务对象，民营企业的信贷服务往往被忽视。由于贷款难，生产经营过程中所需资金不足，极大制约了民营企业的发展。有的民营企业，虽存在暂时困难，但银行一旦支持就能起死回生；二是民营企业的融资渠道单一，难以适应市场需求的变化。由于有的民营企业，在既得不到银行的贷款支持，又不具有自我融资或向社会公开融资能力，无形中，加强企业财务管理也就成了一句空话，财务管理也就成了断源之湖。 （二）财务控制薄弱，缺乏科学性，使财务管理举步艰难。 大部分民营企业存在财务控制环节薄弱，而且对加强财务管理方面不够重视，没有从真正意义上理解财务管理在企业中的地位。主要问题有：一是资金管理不严，财务控制薄弱，造成资金闲置或不足。二是应收账款周转缓慢，造成资金回收困难。三是存货控制薄弱，造成资金呆滞。四是重钱轻物，资产流失严重。 分析其原因主要是：一是有些民营企业认为现金越多越好，致使大量现金未参加周转，有的是资金缺少计划安排，过量购置不动产，而使企业无法应付经营急需的资金，陷入财务困境。二是没有建立严格的赊销政策，缺乏有力的摧收措施，应收款不能兑现或形成呆账。三是很多民营企业月末存货占用资金往往超过其营业额的两倍以上，造成资金呆滞周转失灵。四是不少民营企业管理者，对原材料、半成品、固定资产等管理不到位，出了问题无人追究，资产浪费严重。分析以上原因，最重要的是因为企业上层领导财务管理观念落后，缺乏科学性，在思想上没有真正理解财务管理对做大做强一个企业所起到的作用，没有将财务管理纳入企业管理的有效机制中，缺乏现代财务管理观念，使财务管理失去了它在企业管理中应有的地位和作用，举步艰难。 （三）管理模式疆化，管理观念陈旧，使财务管理暗然失色。 由于长期以来在思想上受到旧的财务制度的约束，企业管理人员的观念比较滞后。主要问题有：一是企业的投资者同时就是经营者。二是企业管理者的管理能力和管理素质差，管理思想落后。 分析其原因主要是：民营企业典型的管理模式是所有权和经营权高度统一，企业的投资者同时就是经营者，这种模式势必给企业的财务管理带来负面影响，民营企业中相当一部分属于个体私营性质，在这些企业中，企业领导者集权现象严重，并且对财务管理的理论方法缺乏应有的认识和研究，致使其职责不分，越权行事，造成财务管理混乱，财务监核不严，会计人员独舟难行，想规范管理很难。大部分企业没有或无法建立内部审计部门，即使有，也很难保证内部审计的独立性。另外，有些企业没有将财务管理纳入企业管理的有效机制中，缺乏现代财务管理观念，多数民营企业家尚未建立起诸如时间价值、风险价值、边际成本、机会成本等科学管理的概念，由于管理模式疆化，管理观念陈旧，使财务管理暗然失色，失去了它在企业管理中应有的地位和作用。