反应名词英语

反射（fanshe）在中枢神经系统参与下，机体对内外环境刺激所作出的规律性反应。反射活动的结构基础是反射弧。高等动物和人的反射有两种：一种是在系统发育过程中形成并遗传下来，因而生来就有的先天性反射，称非条件反射。它是由于直接刺激感受器而引起的，通过大脑皮质下各中枢完成的反射。例如，初生婴儿嘴唇碰到奶头就会吮奶；人进食时，口舌黏膜遇到食物，会引起唾液分泌。另一种是条件反射，是动物个体在生活过程中适应环境变化，在非条件反射基础上逐渐形成的后天性反射。它是由信号刺激引起，在大脑皮质的参与下形成的。条件反射是脑的一项高级调节功能，它提高了动物和人适应环境的能力。根据结构基础的不同，又可把反射分为简单和复杂的两种。最简单的反射是单突触反射。复杂的反射，是神经中枢分布较广，靠联络神经元组成复杂的链锁。反射是实现机能调节的基本方式。反射弧中任何一部位被破坏，反射就不能实现。由于突触在结构与功能上的特性。例如，缩手反射，眨眼反射，排尿反射和膝跳反射等，都是简单的，人生来就有的反射。就这类反射来说，只要出现刺激，正常的人体都会作出相应的反应。人通过长期的生活经验积累，还能形成复杂的反射。例如，同学们听到上课铃声，就会迅速走进教室；行人听到身后的汽车喇叭声，就会迅速躲避，等等。对于某些语音的刺激，也能形成复杂的反射。“望梅止渴”一词就是一个典型的例子：魏武行役，失汲道，军皆渴，乃令曰“前有大梅林，饶子，甘酸，可以解渴。”士卒闻之，口皆出水。乘此得及前源。——《世语新说·假谲》梅子是酸的，吃了以后能够刺激唾液腺分泌唾液，这是一种反射。凡是吃过梅子的人，再见到梅子的时候，就能够出现这种反射——分泌唾液。谈论梅子时也分泌唾液，这与大脑皮层中塔顶的神经有关。与语言文字有关的反射是复杂的，也是人类独有的。总的来说，人体通过可重简单或复杂的反射，来调节自身的生命活动，从而能够对体内外的刺激作出适当的反应。也可以这样说，反射是人类为了更好的生活和繁衍，而进化出的一种生存方法。

大学英语四级语法指导详解

大学英语四级语法指导(1)

非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子(或者句子，短语)

当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。

独立主格的结构1：名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]

现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词，而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。

1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.

A followed B following C to follow D being followed

2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.

A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。

独立主格的结构2：with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]

3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。

动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;

been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励

短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。

非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)

句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的.主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。

1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的动词：

第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;

这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。

注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。

forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;

remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。

大学英语四级语法指导(2)

短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。

非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)

句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。

1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的动词：

第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;

这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。

注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。

forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;

remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。

动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。

动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。

形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;

感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do

be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);

give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

大学英语四级语法指导(3)

动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。

动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。

形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;

感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do

be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);

give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。

大学英语四级语法指导(4)

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;

感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do

be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);

give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。

6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

A all in all B above all C after all D over all

all in all 总而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 毕竟，终究;overall 全面的，总体的

in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。

7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.

A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

now that 既然，由于(相当于since); ever since 自从…以来。

与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：

now that 既然，由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。

except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。

8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

be attached to 连接，附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。

responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to 与。。相反(相违背)。

9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。

10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

out of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。

大学英语四级语法指导(5)

1.Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.

A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left

be supposed to do sth. 应该(理应)做某事。

2. He’s watching TV? He’s _D_ to be cleaning his room.

A known B considered C regarded D supposed

regard as 把…认作

3. My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.

A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied

treat 对待，处理; I’ll treat you. 我请客，应用于真正请客之前。It’s on me. 应用于结帐时。

adjust vt. 调整，调节; adopt vt. 收养，领养; remedy vt. 弥补，补救，修正;

4. A new technique _C_， the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.

A working out B having worked out

C having been worked out D to have been worded out

yields 产量; work out 作出，推出

关于百分数之前介词的用法

increase to 80 percent 增加到80% (增加到用to)

increase by 60 percent增加了60% (表示增加的幅度用by)

5. Between 1974 and 1997， the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.

A by B for C to D in

1. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.

A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed

spoil vt. 宠坏，溺爱

2. When Mr. Jones gets old， he will _B_ over his business to his son.

A take B hand C think D get

take over 接管接收; hand over 移交，交出; think over 仔细考虑; get over 克服，战胜。

3. We had a party last month， and it was a lot of fun， so let’s have _A_ one this month.

A another B more C the other D other

不定代词：1 两者中的一个用one;另一个则用the other; 2 很多东西中的一个用one;

剩下的所有叫the others; 3 很多东西中的一个用one;剩下的所有里面再拿一个叫another;

在剩下的里面再拿一个还叫another(单数概念); 4 很多东西中拿了若干出来用some;

剩下所有叫others; other 后通常要加可数名词的复数形式; more 要用在数词的后面

once more 再来一个(用于很不正式的场合) vravo 再来一个(用于正式场合)

4. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.

A the other B any other C another D other

neither 两者中任意一者都不

5. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.

A impression B reaction C comment D opinion

reaction n. 反应; reaction to 对…作出反应

这个就是化学英语要学的。大学的话选这门课上吧。不是简单说的清的。买本书也行。推荐申泮文编写，清华大学出版社 化学双语入门 书名记不太清了。

reflect

‘reflection’是名词n. 意思是1.反射;回响;反射光,回声2.映象,倒影3.深思,熟虑;反省4.想法,意见5.非议;(对名誉、品格)有损的事 名词 n. 1.反射;反映2.反射光;反射热3.映像,倒影;酷似物4.【生理】反射(作用),本能的反应5.反应能力 形容词 a. 1.反射的;反作用的2.【生理】反射作用的3.【数】优角的4.【电子】来复的及物动词 vt. 1.使经受反射2.使折回reflection一般指精神上的反映，而eflex一般指医学，科学方面的反射但是好像没听过‘reflextion’这个词

卡诺循环 Carnot cycle 开尔文公式 Kelvin formula 柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律 Kohlrausch's Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electrolyte 可逆电池 reversible cell 可逆过程 reversible process 可逆过程方程 reversible process equation 可逆体积功 reversible volume work 可逆相变 reversible phase change 克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation 克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality 克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation 控制步骤 control step 库仑计 coulometer 扩散控制 diffusion controlled 拉普拉斯方程 Laplace's equation 拉乌尔定律 Raoult law 兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 雷利公式 Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration 冷却曲线 cooling curve 离解热heat of dissociation 离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统 non-localized particle systems 离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion 离子的`电迁移率 mobility of ions 离子的迁移数 transport number of ions 离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions 离子氛 ionic atmosphere 离子强度 ionic strength 理想混合物 perfect mixture 理想气体 ideal gas 接触电势contact potential 接触角 contact angle 节流过程 throttling process 节流膨胀 throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion 结线 tie line 结晶热heat of crystallization 解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption 界面 interfaces 界面张力 surface tension 浸湿 immersion wetting 浸湿功 immersion wetting work 精馏 rectify 聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte 聚沉 coagulation 聚沉值 coagulation value 绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵 absolute entropy 绝对温标absolute temperature scale 绝热过程 adiabatic process 绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter 绝热指数 adiabatic index 卡诺定理 Carnot theorem 卡诺循环 Carnot cycle 开尔文公式 Kelvin formula 柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律 Kohlrausch's Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electrolyte 可逆电池 reversible cell 可逆过程 reversible process 可逆过程方程 reversible process equation 可逆体积功 reversible volume work 可逆相变 reversible phase change 克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation 克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality 克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation 控制步骤 control step 库仑计 coulometer 扩散控制 diffusion controlled 拉普拉斯方程 Laplace's equation 拉乌尔定律 Raoult law 兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 雷利公式 Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration 冷却曲线 cooling curve 离解热heat of dissociation 离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统 non-localized particle systems 离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions 离子的迁移数 transport number of ions 离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions 离子氛 ionic atmosphere 离子强度 ionic strength 理想混合物 perfect mixture 理想气体 ideal gas 理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gases 理想气体的微观模型 micro-model of ideal gas 理想气体反应的等温方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions 理想气体绝热可逆过程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases 理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas 理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution 理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture 粒子 particles 粒子的配分函数 partition function of particles 连串反应consecutive reactions 链的传递物 chain carrier 链反应 chain reactions 量热熵 calorimetric entropy 量子统计quantum statistics 量子效率 quantum yield 临界参数 critical parameter 临界常数 critical constant 临界点 critical point 临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration 临界摩尔体积 critical molar volume 临界温度 critical temperature 临界压力 critical pressure 临界状态 critical state 零级反应zero order reaction 流动电势 streaming potential 流动功 flow work 笼罩效应 cage effect 路易斯-兰德尔逸度规则 Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点 dew point 露点线 dew point line 麦克斯韦关系式 Maxwell relations 麦克斯韦速率分布 Maxwell distribution of speeds 麦克斯韦能量分布 MaxwelIdistribution of energy 毛细管凝结 condensation in capillary 毛细现象 capillary phenomena 米凯利斯常数 Michaelis constant 摩尔电导率 molar conductivity 摩尔反应焓 molar reaction enthalpy 摩尔混合熵 mole entropy of mixing 摩尔气体常数 molar gas constant 摩尔热容 molar heat capacity 摩尔溶解焓 mole dissolution enthalpy 摩尔稀释焓 mole dilution enthalpy 内扩散控制 internal diffusions control 内能 internal energy 内压力 internal pressure 能级 energy levels 能级分布 energy level distribution 能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy 能斯特方程 Nernst equation 能斯特热定理 Nernst heat theorem 凝固点 freezing point 凝固点降低 lowering of freezing point 凝固点曲线 freezing point curve 凝胶 gelatin 凝聚态 condensed state 凝聚相 condensed phase 浓差超电势 concentration over-potential 浓差极化 concentration polarization 浓差电池 concentration cells 帕斯卡pascal 泡点 bubble point 泡点线 bubble point line 配分函数 partition function 配分函数的析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state 碰撞截面 collision cross section 碰撞数 the number of collisions 偏摩尔量 partial mole quantities 平衡常数(理想气体反应) equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases 平动配分函数 partition function of translation 平衡分布 equilibrium distribution 平衡态 equilibrium state 平衡态近似法 equilibrium state approximation 平衡状态图 equilibrium state diagram 平均活度 mean activity 平均活度系统 mean activity coefficient 平均摩尔热容 mean molar heat capacity 平均质量摩尔浓度 mean mass molarity 平均自由程mean free path 平行反应parallel reactions 破乳 demulsification 铺展 spreading 普遍化范德华方程 universal van der Waals equation 其它功 the other work 气化热heat of vaporization 气溶胶 aerosol 气体常数 gas constant 气体分子运动论 kinetic theory of gases 气体分子运动论的基本方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 气溶胶 aerosol 气相线 vapor line 迁移数 transport number 潜热latent heat 强度量 intensive quantity 强度性质 intensive property 亲液溶胶 hydrophilic sol 氢电极 hydrogen electrodes 区域熔化zone melting 热 heat 热爆炸 heat explosion 热泵 heat pump 热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat 热函heat content 热化学thermochemistry 热化学方程thermochemical equation 热机 heat engine 热机效率 efficiency of heat engine 热力学 thermodynamics 热力学第二定律 the second law of thermodynamics 热力学第三定律 the third law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics 热力学基本方程 fundamental equation of thermodynamics 热力学几率 thermodynamic probability 热力学能 thermodynamic energy 热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function 热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature 热力学温度thermodynamic temperature 热熵thermal entropy 热效应heat effect 熔点曲线 melting point curve 熔化热heat of fusion 溶胶 colloidal sol 溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy 溶液 solution 溶胀 swelling 乳化剂 emulsifier 乳状液 emulsion 润湿 wetting 润湿角 wetting angle 萨克尔-泰特洛德方程 Sackur-Tetrode equation 三相点 triple point 三相平衡线 triple-phase line 熵 entropy 熵判据 entropy criterion 熵增原理 principle of entropy increase 渗透压 osmotic pressure 渗析法 dialytic process 生成反应 formation reaction 升华热heat of sublimation 实际气体 real gas 舒尔采-哈迪规则 Schulze-Hardy rule 松驰力relaxation force 松驰时间time of relaxation 速度常数reaction rate constant 速率方程rate equations 速率控制步骤rate determining step 塔费尔公式 Tafel equation 态-态反应 state-state reactions 唐南平衡 Donnan equilibrium 淌度 mobility 特鲁顿规则 Trouton rule 特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity 体积功 volume work 统计权重 statistical weight 统计热力学 statistic thermodynamics 统计熵 statistic entropy 途径 path 途径函数 path function 外扩散控制 external diffusion control 完美晶体 perfect crystalline 完全气体 perfect gas 微观状态 microstate 微态 microstate 韦斯顿标准电池 Weston standard battery 维恩效应Wien effect 维里方程 virial equation 维里系数 virial coefficient 稳流过程 steady flow process 稳态近似法 stationary state approximation 无热溶液athermal solution 无限稀溶液 solutions in the limit of extreme dilution 物理化学 Physical Chemistry 物理吸附 physisorptions 吸附 adsorption 吸附等量线 adsorption isostere 吸附等温线 adsorption isotherm 吸附等压线 adsorption isobar 吸附剂 adsorbent 吸附量 extent of adsorption 吸附热 heat of adsorption 吸附质 adsorbate 析出电势 evolution or deposition potential 析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state 稀溶液的依数性 colligative properties of dilute solutions 稀释焓 dilution enthalpy 系统 system 系统点 system point 系统的环境 environment of system 相 phase 相变 phase change 相变焓 enthalpy of phase change 相变化 phase change 相变热 heat of phase change 相点 phase point 相对挥发度relative volatility 相对粘度 relative viscosity 相律 phase rule 相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium 相图 phase diagram 相倚子系统 system of dependent particles 悬浮液 suspension 循环过程 cyclic process 压力商 pressure quotient 压缩因子 compressibility factor 压缩因子图 diagram of compressibility factor 亚稳状态 metastable state 盐桥 salt bridge 盐析 salting out 阳极 anode 杨氏方程 Young's equation 液体接界电势 liquid junction potential 液相线 liquid phase lines 一级反应first order reaction 一级相变first order phase change 依时计量学反应 time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度 fugacity 逸度系数 coefficient of fugacity 阴极 cathode 荧光 fluorescence 永动机 perpetual motion machine 永久气体 Permanent gas 有效能 available energy 原电池 primary cell 原盐效应 salt effect 增比粘度 specific viscosity 憎液溶胶 lyophobic sol 沾湿 adhesional wetting 沾湿功 the work of adhesional wetting 真溶液 true solution 真实电解质real electrolyte 真实气体 real gas 真实迁移数true transference number