凤山妈祖英文

是保护出海打鱼的神

妈祖的文化来源 元明以来，凡江海河滨，莫不有天后宫、天妃庙等名号的祭祀建筑，享受广大信众香火供奉的是一位端庄慈祥的女神，俗称"妈祖"或"海神娘娘"。据专家考证，妈祖本为福建莆田、仙游地区的民间信仰，其后才因历朝封建政府不断封赐等缘故，逐渐成为全国性的正神。俗信妈祖不仅能保佑航渡江海人的平安，并且兼有消灾解厄、赐福送子等多种神通。随着明清时期民间贸易和移民活动的发展，妈祖信仰也传播到海外更遥远的地方，受到全世界华侨华裔的敬仰。1987年夏历九月初九（公历10月31日），会集莆田湄州岛妈祖庙的港台同胞、海外侨胞及来自大陆各地的男女信众达十万之多，举行了纪念妈祖逝世一千周年的隆重祭典，还召开了学术讨论会。在此前后，台湾海峡两岸都掀起了研究妈祖的热流，各种资料、图册和研究成果纷纷推出。但是，在有关妈祖信仰的不少问题上，仍是众说纷纭，比如妈祖的身世之谜，就是其中之一。 一般说法，妈祖姓林，名默，是五代后周都巡检林愿的小女儿，生于北宋太祖建隆元年(960)夏历三月二十三日。她自幼聪敏，能为人治病，水性也好，有"龙女"之称。当时常有渔船商轮在其故乡湄洲屿前遇风倾覆，或困于礁丛，妈祖逢难即救，成活渔民客商无数。宋太宗雍熙四年(987)九月初九，时年二十八岁的她突然辞别家人，在湄洲屿最高处升天而去。其后，她屡屡在波涛汹涌的大海上显灵，为泛舟人保驾护航。宋徽宗宣和五年(1123)，给事中路允迪出使高丽，在海上遇险，得到妈祖显灵相助，方得转危为安。上奏朝廷后，徽宗特赐"顺济"，立庙奉祀。此后，历代王朝不断对她加爵褒封，其中尤以元朝至元十五年(1278)加封的"护国明著灵惠协正善庆显济天妃"最为显赫，所以除闽台一带民众仍亲切地称其为"妈祖"外，天下人都尊为"天妃"或"天后"。清赵翼《陔余丛考》记："江汉间操舟者，率奉天妃，而海上尤甚。……相传大海中，当风浪危急时，号呼求救，往往有红灯或神鸟来，辄得免，皆妃之灵也。"妈祖信仰之影响深远，由此可见。 但是，上述关于妈祖的履历，自明清以来，不断受到学人的质疑。如有人指出，路允迪出使朝鲜赖海神济助才得转危为安的故事，在《八闽通志》上就有记载，而该书谓"神"乃唐末观察使陈岩长子，是五代时已经流行连江演屿的地方神奉祀，因知妈祖救路而得徽宗赐额云云，当是民间故事流传中的"嫁接"。还有人指出，现在湄洲所传之妈祖族谱上所列其祖、父所任官职如"福建总管"、"都巡检"等等，皆不存在于五代各国官制中，显然是后人所加的。 在妈祖信仰日益隆盛的情形下，佛家和道家也对其身世作出了各自的解释。如元黄仲元《圣墩顺济祖庙新建蕃厘殿记》称，妈祖是"普陀大士之千亿化身"。明代出版的《三教源流搜神大全》，对此叙述更详：妈祖母亲陈氏尝梦南海观音"与以优钵花，吞之，已而孕"，十四个月后生下妈祖，时在唐天宝元年(742)三月二十三日。因是观音化身，所以她在襁褓中就能礼佛，五岁便会诵《观音经》，长成后慈悲为怀，普救众生。道家则称妈祖之前身乃妙行玉女，因太上老君目睹"舟船往复，风水不便……其诸鬼神，乘此阴阳变化，翻覆舟船，损人性命"，故命她"降生人间，救民疾苦"(《太上老君说天妃救苦灵验经》)。据《宋会要》，宋时莆田县有张天师祠，当地民众在祠内附祀"宁海镇顺济女神庙灵惠夫人"，似乎也为妈祖信仰源于道教提供了证据。 有人认为妈祖未必实有其人，而是民间在幻想中虚拟的海神。宋代以来，莆田一带的航海十分发达，面对波涛汹涌的大海，人们难以摆脱恐惧心理，便企望有一尊拯世护航的神灵保佑，妈祖信仰由此发轫。至于天妃、妈祖之女性形象及其名称的由来，清人赵翼解释道：按阴阳学说，天为阳，地为阴，水在地上亦为阴，男属阳，女属阴，故水神之象应为女性；地媪与天帝相配称"天后"，水母次之，故称"天妃"；"妈祖"者，则是闽人未嫁女子在娘家的称谓。故"天妃之名，即谓水神之本号可，林氏女之说，不必泥也"(《陔余丛考》卷三五)。此说颇为一部分近代学者赞同。 又有人认为妈祖信仰乃巫觋文化的产物，根据是莆田地方史志对其人其事的追述资料。如南宋廖鹏飞说她"初以巫祝为事，能预知人祸福"(《圣墩祖庙重建顺济庙记》)；黄四如说她"湄洲屿人，初以巫祝助事，能预知人祸福，既殁，众为立庙"(《圣墩顺济祖庙新建蕃厘殿记》)，南宋绍熙年间的《莆阳志》也说她原为"里中巫"。种种材料都说明她生前是一位在湄洲屿一带活动的能"预知人祸福"的妇女。北宋时民间迷信盛行，地方上出一二个巫祝并不奇怪。如果该巫祝具有一点今天所说的"特异功能"的话，则更见其神异。妈祖似乎就是一个有点特异功能的人，民间流传的种种诸如"伏机救亲"、"收伏二怪"、"保护册使"的奇异传说，更增添了她的神奇色彩。在其由人到神的嬗变过程中，普通民众祈求平安的善良愿望和统治当局的附会利用都起了相当的作用。政治原因和社会心理的双重合奏促使了这次造神活动的成功。 参考资料：转引自仲富兰《中华风物探源》

妈祖 天后天妃天上圣母妈祖真名林默诞生于宋建隆元年（960年）三月二十三日。宋太宗雍熙四年（987年）九月初九逝世。 妈祖为福建莆田九牧林六房之后林默幼年时就比其他姐妹聪明颖悟，八岁从塾师启蒙读书，不但能过目成诵，而且能理解文字的义旨。长大后，她决心终生以行善济人为事，矢志不嫁，父母顺从她的意愿。她专心致志地做慈善公益的事业，平素精研医理，为人治病，教人防疫消灾，人们都感颂她。她性情和顺，热心助人。只要能为乡亲排难解纷，她都乐意去做，还经常引导人们避凶趋吉。人们遇到困难，也都愿意跟她商量，请她帮助。 生长在大海之滨的林默，还洞晓天文气象，熟习水性。湄洲岛与大陆之间的海峡有少礁石，在这海域里遇难的渔舟、商船，常得到林默的救助，因而人们传说她能“乘席渡海”。她还会预测天气变化，事前告知船户可否出航，所以又传说她能“预知休咎事”，称她为“神女”、“龙女”。 妈祖逝世时乡人感其生前治病救人的恩惠，于同年在湄洲岛上建庙祀之，这就是名闻遐迩的湄洲妈祖庙。祖庙于天圣年间（公元1023-1032年）扩建，日臻雄伟。明永乐年间（1403年-1424年），航海家郑和曾两次奉旨来湄屿主持御祭仪式并扩建庙宇。至清康熙时，已形成了具有五组建筑群的“海上龙宫”。可惜，原有金碧辉煌的建筑群已废圯，现存原建只剩下“林默的父母祠”，规模较小。近年来，湄洲祖庙进行了大量的复原修建工作，已初具规模。莆田湄洲岛的上妈祖庙，天津的天后宫，澳门的妈祖阁，台湾北港的朝天宫和鹿港妈祖庙为我国天后宫有名的大庙。祖在宋元明清受到的国家祀典就达36次，其最长封号“护国庇民妙灵昭应弘仁普济福佑群生诚感咸孚显神赞顺垂慈笃佑安澜利运泽覃海宇恬波宣惠导流衍庆靖洋锡祉恩周德溥卫漕保泰振武绥疆天后之神”，后来同治十一年（1872年），要再加封时，“经礼部核议，以为封号字号过多，转不足以昭郑重，只加上‘嘉佑’二字。” 澳门的英文Macau就是妈祖的简称。妈祖，又称天妃、天后、天上圣母、娘妈，是历代船工、海员、旅客、商人和渔民共同信奉的神祗。古代在海上航行经常受到风浪的袭击而船沉人亡，船员的安全成航海者的主要问题，他们把希望寄托于神灵的保佑。在船舶启航前要先祭天妃，祈求保佑顺风和安全，在船舶上还立天妃神位供奉。 台湾的妈祖信仰十分普遍，台胞三分之一以上信仰妈祖，台湾全岛共有大小妈祖庙510座，其中台南一地即有116座。它们的名字很多，有的叫天妃宫、天后宫、妈祖庙；有的叫天后寺、天后祠、圣母坛；也有的叫文元堂、朝天宫、双慈亭、安澜厅、中兴公厝、纷阳殿、提标馆等。 福建、台湾、广东及东南亚的林氏宗亲都称妈祖为：“姑婆”、“姑婆祖”、“天后圣姑”、“天上圣母姑婆”等。据统计妈祖为世界三大宗教信仰之一。

Have a merchant ship through the inclusion of rock by giant ship foundered Angle, wind, water surged into the cabin, it is critical that ship cry for help, people know, very anxious matsu, busy to villagers said: first, the merchant nearly-sunk doraemon should hurry to rescue. But everyone looked forward, not storm. At this critical juncture, mazu ewebeditor feet will find some grass roots, into the sea. One tender moment's reprieve, several big fir, grass becomes flow near the ship sailed, ShangZhou have big fir, so not sunk. Soon, the flat, the waves of survived in heaven, and help each other. Until the ship ashore, suddenly found the missing, wood, and realize the XiangRen ask CaoCheng fir attached, but the boat. Magic matsu This is the legendary "save shang" grass. 啊啊

最出名传统的妈祖庙是位于福建省莆田市湄洲岛

Have a merchant ship through the inclusion of rock by giant ship foundered Angle, wind, water surged into the cabin, it is critical that ship cry for help, people know, very anxious matsu, busy to villagers said: first, the merchant nearly-sunk doraemon should hurry to rescue. But everyone looked forward, not storm. At this critical juncture, mazu ewebeditor feet will find some grass roots, into the sea. One tender moment's reprieve, several big fir, grass becomes flow near the ship sailed, ShangZhou have big fir, so not sunk. Soon, the flat, the waves of survived in heaven, and help each other. Until the ship ashore, suddenly found the missing, wood, and realize the XiangRen ask CaoCheng fir attached, but the boat. Magic matsu This is the legendary "save shang" grass.

妈祖是天上的圣母，又名天妃。

Meizhou Bay in Putian City, Fujian Province, mouth, there is a beautiful island called Meizhou Island. The island has a towering majestic, magnificent temples, dedicated to the world famous "Poseidon" Matsu. Matsu is a local prominent family. She had Minglin Mo, but Matsu's father Lin Que, mother Wang, many people do good Jide. One night, she had long dreamed of Guanyin kindly told her: "Your good deeds and accumulating virtue, this gives you a pill, get volunteers when the dose of the gift." So they became pregnant. To 960 on March 23 evening, she had close to delivery, see a red light, from the northwest injection room, bright eye-catching, fragrance floating, lingering. Also heard four rumble is like spring thunder roar, to become purple. Wang was the belly of vibration, Matsu was born. Because students have extraordinary and very loved. She was born to the full, I heard cry, so my father called her "silent." Matsu has an older brother and five sisters. Year-old to a private school when the school, teachers in the article that she can quickly digest. Yu-year-old, she believed in Buddhism chanting incense, sooner or later hard. 13 years of age, there is an old Taoist Metaphysics through regular exchanges between her home and said to her: "You're a fairy nature, should be crossing into the immortal." Award was a "Xuan Wei secret law." Her law practice, can comprehend thrust. Matsu 16 years of age, women went out with the group, according to makeup in the wells. Suddenly the man of God holding a pair of copper Fu, owned wells and the rear surround with immortals, the copper breaks awarded to her companions were all Haide run away, and Matsu were not affected by the suspect and soon will be well-informed change . Since then, she, though in the room, but it can often iQue Virgin, about good and bad fortune, are all odd in. Able to fly across the sea, Jia Yun, sea rescue, medical treatment often good of man, far and near who are grateful to her, called her the "God Kou", "Dragon." Matsu 16 years this fall in September, one day, her father and brother Jia Zhou crossing north, then carefully weaving Matsu is room, suddenly V weaving eyes closed and his face mutations. One hand shuttle, one hand on express, feet bear riding shaft, doing all in the struggle to support, for fear of any errors. After the mother found that very frightened, and hurried to wake her. Matsu missed the shuttle was out on the floor. She opened her eyes, stamp loudly crying, said: "My father saved, brother dead into the sea!" Listening to his mother, very frightened, quickly satisfactory for news. Soon someone reported that Matsu has said really is true. His father was in the high sea, the panic-stricken, a few will be overturned, if like some people hold the rudder, and her brother was close, unfortunately destroyed his brother is the rudder of the boat cover. Matsu eyes closed at that time, the pedal with the father's ship, and grasping the ship's rudder brother, her mother took her to wake up and shuttle fell to the ground, destroyed overturning rudder brother, father escape return, while his brother was swallowed by the raging waves. Brother drowning, the Matsu accompanied her mother, sister and several villagers find a vast sea sailing Drive, went to his brother's body. At that time the turbulent sea, they suddenly found a group of sea aquarium together, we could not help but frightened. Mazu said, do not be afraid, and told not to meet the aquarium. The mere mention of a sudden the water clear, her brother's body floating in the sea. At this time we know God is protecting the water to the corpse. Dead brother finally set back, Meizhou Island are all the people praised her filial piety and charity. Thereafter Whenever Matsu's birthday, the night that is a big fish in groups, before the ring out in the Mekong Island, like Bai Wu's appearance, dispersed before dawn. Once a mixture of commercial vessels through the rocks met with huge winds, the ship ran aground angle, water poured into the cabin, the situation is very critical, the ship of human cries for help, Matsu know, the very anxious, busy on the villagers said: duo head merchant would sink, should be quickly went to rescue. However, we are looking at wind waves, not forward. At this critical juncture, Mazu wrote at the feet of grass, looking for a trunk and a few, thrown into the sea. That instant, into a large cedar trunk and a few grass, behind the flow of Chuanpang driving, commercial boat with a large fir attached, so will not sink. Soon smooth sailing interest, celebrated by the people on board survived, both in heaven and help, each other to celebrate. Until the time the boat dock, suddenly found a large wood has disappeared, by asking local people, I discovered laws of grass into a cedar boat, but the magical skill of Matsu. This is the legendary "save the business of grass."