英语所有的句型

英语的基本句型

导语：英语的基本句型只有五类，所有句型都是围绕着五类来展开的，下面我讲解英语的基本句型，欢迎参考!

句子的主要成分是主语和谓语。构成主语的有名词或相当于名词作用的其他词、词组或从句。谓语的构成比较复杂，有时可以由谓语动词独立担当谓语，有时谓语动词需带宾语或表语，还有的谓语动词可带两个宾语或带宾语后再加补足语等。谓语动词类别的不同决定着谓语结构的.不同，而不同的谓语结构又决定着不同的句型。

所谓基本句型(basic sentence pattern)就是几种基本的谓语结构的格局;千变万化的句型都是由它们演变而来的。英语的基本句型有五种，即：

1。主—系—表

2。主—动

3。主—动—宾

4。主—动—宾—宾

5。主—动—宾—宾补

现分述如下：

此句型结构的谓语动词是由系动词担任，后接表语，也可称作补语。常用的系动词除be, become, look, seem, appear, get, feel外，还有以下一些：

grow(变得)， turn(变成)， remain(仍然是)，fall(变得)， hold(保持)，

keep(保持)， stand(保持)， stay(保持)， smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，

taste(尝起来)等。

例如：

The motor is out of order. 这台电机出了毛病。

Her mother has fallen ill. 她母亲生病了。

The weather is getting quite warm. 天气变得相当暖和。

The roses smell sweet. 这些玫瑰气味很香。

Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸上去又软又滑。

The plan sounds perfect. 这个计划听起来完美无缺。

此句型的谓语动词是不及物动词，常带有状语。

例如：

The fruit store has closed. 这家水果店关门了。

They have been singing and dancing for two hours. 他们又唱又跳已经两个小时了。

The plane will take off soon. 飞机很快就要起飞。

They will fly to London. 他们将飞往伦敦。

此句型的谓语动词是及物动词，后面需跟宾语。例如：

The machine is drilling a hole. 这台机器正在钻孔。

The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once. 老师不止一次的改正她的错误发音。

Storytelling has many strengths in improving oral English skills. 讲故事对提高英语口语能力很有作用。

此句型中的谓语动词是带双宾语的及物动词。两个宾语中前一个为间接宾语，后一个为直接宾语。这类谓语动词除常见的give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take, show, teach, get等以外，还有以下一些：

award (授予)， lend(借)， rent (租)， buy(买)，

pay (支付)， hand(传递)， recommend(推荐)，save(节省)等。例如：

The new way saved us much time. 这个新方法省了我们不少时间。

Could you do me a favor please? 你能帮帮我的忙吗?

I paid the repairman fifty dollars. 我给了修理工50元。

He ordered himself a soft drink. 他给自己要了一瓶软饮料。

Mr. Smith lent me his car. 史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。

I found him a new textbook. 我给他找了本新教科书。

Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time? 我能占用你几分钟宝贵的时间吗?

The president awarded him the first prize. 校长授予他一等奖。

此句型的谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词，也就是说，这些动词除了有一个直接宾语外，还要加上宾语补足语，句子的意义才能完整。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语充当。在宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语中，宾语与它的补足语之间存在着逻辑上(即意义上)的主谓关系。这样的及物动词有相当数量，例如：

appoint (任命)， believe(相信)， call(称)， catch (发现)，

elect (选举)， feel (感到)， find(发现)， like (希望)，

hear (听到)， keep (保持)， leave(听任)，discover(发现)，

make (使)， need (需要)， prefer(宁愿)，prove (证明)，

see (看见)， warn (警告)等。例如：

They appointed Mr. White Minister of Foreign Affairs. 他们任命怀特先生为外交部长。

The board of directors elected Charles president of the university.

董事会选举查尔斯为这所大学的校长。

I found her rather difficult to work with. 我发现很难与她共事。

She likes her guests to feel at home. 她希望客人不要拘束。

I warned him not to be late. 我曾警告他不要迟到。

My father saw him steal the money. 我父亲看见他偷钱。

I prefer you to stay with us. 我跟更愿意你留下来和我们一起。

You may leave the child in my care. 你可以把孩子交给我照管。

The police discovered the check hidden under a pile of papers.

The woman caught her husband reading her diary. 那位妇女发现她丈夫偷看她的日记。

The shop assistant kept the customer waiting a very long time. 那个售货员让顾客等了很长时间。

. 否定句型 1) 一般否定句 I don't know this. No news is good news. 2)特指否定 I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right. 3)部分否定 All the answers are not right 4)全体否定 Nothing can be so simple as this. 5) 延续否定 You didn't see him, neither/nor did I. 6) 半否定句 We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. 7) 双重否定 I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it. No man is so old but (that) he can learn. 8)排除否定 Everyone is ready except you. 9)加强否定 I won't do it at all. 2. 判断句型 1) 一般判断句 It is important for us to learn English. 2)强调判断 It is English that we should learn. 3)弱式判断 Your sentence doesn't sound/look/appear/feel right. You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before. Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill. 4) 注释判断 He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary.(活字典） 5) 正反判断 That sounds all right, but in fact it is not. 6) 比较判断 It is more a picture than a poem. 7) 互斥判断 He or you are wrong. 3. 祝愿祁使句式 1) 一般句式 Study hard and keep fit. 2)强语式 Do tell me. 3) 委婉祈使句 Please tell me the true. Would/Will/Won't do me a favor? Would/Do you mind my smoking? What/How/ about going on foot? 4)建议祈使句 Let us go. Let us know the time. Don't let the fire out. Let's not waste the time. You'd better start early. Shall we listen to some music? Why don't you get something to drink? 5)祝愿句 Success to you! 4. 感叹句型 How well he speaks! What a nice weather it is! Wonderful!5. 疑问句型 1) 一般疑问句 Is he a doctor? Do you the way to the station? 2)反意疑问句 He is a teacher, isn't he? It is quite cheap, don't you think? 3) 特殊疑问句 What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare? Who is he? What is he?(干什么的） What is he like? How is he? How do you like him? What do you think of him? What ever do you mean by saying this? 4)选择疑问句 He is a doctor or a nurse? 5)间接疑问句 Do you know how old he is? Tell me if (whether) you like it. What do you think/say/suppose I should do? 6.数词句型 1) 表数目 It is exactly ten o'clock. It is five miles away from here. He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20. He is under/at most/no more than 20. 2)表年月日 He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1. 3)表年龄 He is 20 years old/years of age. He is at the age of 10. 4)表倍数 It is four times that of last years. This is four times as big (again) as that one. This is four times bigger than that one. The income is double what it was. The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998. 5)表计量 It is 10 meters long/wide/high. It costs me 100 yuan. I spent 10 hours to finish it. It took me 10 days to finish it. It is worth 100 yuan. 7. 关联指代句型 1)两项关连 I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English. I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English. To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another. One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend. Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball. 2)先后顺序 First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck in everything. First stop, then look, finally cross. At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent. 3)修饰限制 This is the same book as I lost yesterday. This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本书） Don't trust such a man as over praise you. He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear. A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much. The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world. 4) 两项连接 He can speak not only English but also French. The book is both interesting and instructive. It is neither cold nor hot. Please either come in or go out. The old worker has experience and knowledge as well. 5)加和关系 Besides literature, we have grammar and writing. Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air. In addition to "if", there is many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses. I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book. You seem to like tea, so do I. 8. 比较句型 1)等比句 He is as tall as I. He is the same height as I. She is no less diligent than he. The lab is no better than a cottage. 2) 差比句 I speak English worse than he does. He is not so/as tall as I am. Our knowledge is much inferior to their. 3) 极比句 He is the tallest of all in the class. None/No one/ is so blind as those that won't see. Nothing is so easy as this. 4)比例句 The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance(无知）. 5) 择比句 He is taller than any other boy in the class It is better late than never. They would die than live as slaves He prefers doing to talking He prefers to do rather than to talk. He prefers mathematics to English. I'd rather stay here. 6)对比句 You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy. They are working hard while you are wasting your time. 9.比喻句型 We must work like him. He behaves as his father does. He speaks English as if/though he was a foreigner. 10.条件假设句 1) 一般事实 If we succeed, what will the people say? Suppose it rains, what shall we do? Persevere(坚持） and you'll succeed. 2)虚拟条件句 If I were you, I would go. If you had seen it, you would have been moved. 3)反条件句 Unless you try, you'll never succeed. Don't move, or/else/otherwise I'll shot. 4)唯一条件句 If only I have another chance, I shall do better. Only in this way can we learn English well. So/As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed. 5)推论条件句 Since that is so, there is no more to say. Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior. 11. 时间句型 1)一般时 When I see him, I'll tell him. 2) 表同时 You'll grow wiser as you grow older. Work while you work, play while you play. He worked, at the same/in the meantime he listened to the music. 3)限制时 Every/each time when I went to his house, he was out. By the time that we got there, he was out. 4)交替时 Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances. At one time the baby cries, at another it talks. 5)先时 I stopped hem before he began to talk with me. 6)后时 I'll tell you after I finish it. 7)紧接时 As soon as I see him, I'll tell him. Once you begin, you must continue. The (very) moment/instant (that) I saw him, I recognized him. On hearing the news, she bust into tears. Hardly had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering. 8)延续时 I haven't seen him since I came here. A friend is never know till/until a man have need. 12. 地点句型 1) 一般地点 Where have you been? Where there is a will, there is a way. 2)方位 Hebei lies in the east of China. Japan is lies to the east of China. The house faces (to) the south. He is sitting at the front of the classroom He is standing in front of/before me. He is sitting at the back of/behind me. He is sitting in the back of/at the rear of the classroom. He is sitting next to/besides me. He is sitting close to/near me. At the top of/On top of the shelf, there are some books. He is sitting on the left/right. The mountain you see to the right is the Purple Mountain. 13.原因句型 He didn't go to school because he was ill. Since we are all here, let's begin our meeting. It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet. Now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home. I am glad to meet you. I am sorry that I hear that. Thank you for your help. That is why he failed to come. He didn't come because of/on account of the weather. He went out of curiosity. I succeeded thanks to his help. This failure is due to the fact they lack experience. Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled. What are studying English for? For what reason did you choose this? What's the point of asking his to do that? How come you never told me about it? What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled. 14.目的句型 He stopped aside so that she could go in. He sits in the front in order that he can see words clearly. He gets up early so as to/in order to have time to do exercises. He repeated it for fear that there should be any mistake. 15. 结果句型 It was very cold, so that the river froze. They cost a lot of money, so/therefore we use them carefully. He is such a good man that every one likes him. He ran so fast that no one could catch him. He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty. I was caught in the rain. As a result, I had a bad cold. 16. 程度句型 How often do you write to your parents? How long do you stay at home? It is so beautiful that we all love it. It is too big for you. He is too excited to speak. He is not old enough to know this. The letter must be sent as soon as possible You must work as hard as you can. As far as I know, I can speak only English. 17. 让步句型 Though/Although he is rich, (yet/still) he doesn't show off. Yang as he is, he know a lot of things. Even if/though he succeeded, he was not proud. No matter what you say, I'll still try to do it. Keep calm, whatever happens. In spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans. Regardless of all the difficulties, we'll fight it out to the end. 18. 转折句型 I searched everywhere but could not find him. You may go, only return quickly. He is seriously ill, still there is hope of his recovery. It looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon. He is still young, yet he is high up in the position. He didn't tell me the truth, I know it, though. 19. 省略句 I think/say/suppose/expect/believe/hope so. Why not come earlier next time?

主语+谓语，主语+谓语+宾语， 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语，主语+谓语+宾语+补语，主语+系动词+表语。

1、句型就相当于一个个固定的模块，你把要表述的句子，扔到模块当中去套用。熟练掌握句型的人，可以快速从脑海中提取对应的模块进行使用，这就是举一反三。语言无非存在二点技巧，一个是输入，一个是输出。没有输入，根本就输出不了。语言的学习不需要有多高的智商。

2、英语中句型的构成元素主要是主语，谓语，动词表语，宾语和宾语补足语。英语的句型，看似长短不一，千变万化但是归根结底都是，这五种元素组成的基本句型所构成的，也就是所谓的英语中五种基本句型。

3、分析句子结构时，你只需要记得：一个中心+两个要点。一个中心：动词。一个句子里面必须要有动词。两个要点：主语+谓语。谓语是动词，主语表示动作的执行者或接受者。句子的核心是主谓结构。n个主语+1个谓语 或者 1个主语+n个谓语，就可以组成简单句。其他的定状补语等都是句子的附属成分。

英语句子类型有：①主语－系动词－表语（SVC)；②主语－动词－宾语（SVO)；③主语－动词－宾语－宾语（SVOO)；④主语－动词－宾语－宾语补足语（SVOC)。

一、主语－系动词－表语（SVC)

该句型中的谓语动词是系动词。系动词后接的部分可称为表语，也可称为（主语）补足语，主语补足语这一部分的主要功能是对主语进行说明、补充。英文中的系动词主要指Be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。

二、主语－动词－宾语（SVO)

该句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中，当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语（除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去。），否则会视为“句子不完整”。

三、主语－动词－宾语－宾语（SVOO)

该句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：前一个宾语称为“间接宾语”，多由代词或名词充当；后一个宾语称为“直接宾语”，往往由名词充当。

四、主语－动词－宾语－宾语补足语（SVOC)

该句型表示：有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语＋宾语补足语）。其中，宾语补足语是对宾语“做什么”、“怎么样”等方面进行补充说明，从意义和结构上来说是必不可少。

在这一结构中，宾语和谓语动词是“动宾关系”，而宾语和其补足语在逻辑上却是“主谓关系”。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。