七月紫梦
初中英语常见固定搭配(一)加-ingenjoy / like doing sth 喜欢做---- spend....(in) doing sth 在做---花费--- try doing 试着做----- be busy doing sth 忙于做------finish doing sth 完成做---- look forward to + doing sth 期待做----(现在进行时)be doing 正在做--- Thank you for (doing) sth 为了--感谢你二)加-to decide to do sth 决定去做----- ask (sb)to do 要求(某人)去做---- It’s+adj +to do sth . 做---(怎么样) would like / want to do 想要做----- It takes sb sometime to do sth在做----花费----(三)加 原形let / make sb do sth 让某人做某事 be going to / will do sth (一般将来时态)(四)加-to 或-ing意思不同forget doing 忘记做过了-----(已做) remember doing记得做过了-----(已做)forget to do 忘记去做------(还没做) remember to do记得去做------(还没做)(五)加-to 或-ing意思相同begin / start to do sth = begin / start doing sth开始做------(六) (A)动词+ 介词 agree with同意....的意见(想法);符合 help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) listen to听... ..get to到达.... . .fall off (从......)掉下base on以....(为)根据 knock at /on敲(门、窗) laugh at嘲笑learn.. from 向...学习 live on继续存在;靠...生活 look after照顾,照看look at看;观看 look for寻找 look like看起来像pay for (sth.)付钱;支付point at指示;指向 point to指向....prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢 quarrel with (和某人)吵架regard...as ...把....当作....;当作 stop...from阻止.....做.....talk about说话;谈话;谈论 talk with与......交谈think about考虑 think of认为;想起B)动词+ 副词 ask for请求;询问 carry on坚持下去;继续下去 cut down砍倒 clean up清除;收拾干净 come down下来;落 come along来;随同come in进来 come on来吧;跟着来;赶快 come over过来;顺便来访 come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽) drop off放下(某物);下车 eat up吃光;吃完fall behind落在......后面;输给别人 fall down跌倒;从......落下find out查出(真相) get back回来;取回get down下来;落下;把......取下来 get off下来;从......下来get on上(车) get up起床 give up放弃go on继续 go out出去 go over过一遍;仔细检查grow up长大;成长 hand in交上来 hurry up赶快hold on (口语)等一等;(打电话时)不挂断 look out留神;注意look over (仔细)检查 look up向上看;抬头看 pass on传递;转移到.... pick up拾起;捡起put away放好;把....收起来 put on穿上;戴上;(戏剧等)上演;放(唱片等put down把(某物)放下来 put up挂起;举起run away流失;逃跑;逃走rush out冲出去 set off出发;动身;启程send up发射;把......往上送 shut down把......关上 sit down坐下slow down减缓;减速 take off脱掉(衣服) take out取出throw about乱丢;抛撒 trip over (被......)绊倒try on试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴(帽子等) try out试验;尝试turn down关小;调低 turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等) turn over (使)翻过来wake up醒来 wear out把......穿旧;磨坏work out算出;制订出 write down写下....C) be + 形容词+ 介词 be angry with对(某人)发脾气 be interested in对......感兴趣 be able to能;会 be afraid of害怕be amazed at对......感到惊讶 be excited about对......感到兴奋be filled with用......充满 be full of充满......的be good at =do well in在....方面做得好;善于 be late for迟到be made in在......生产或制造 be made of由....组成;由....be pleased with对......感到满意 be proud of以......自豪/高兴be used for用于D)动词+ 名词/ 代词 beg one´s pardon请原谅;对不起 do morning exercises做早操do one´s homework做作业 enjoy oneself =have a good time过得快乐;玩得愉快 give a concert开音乐会 go boating去划船 go fishing去钓鱼go hiking去徒步旅行 go skating去滑冰 go shopping (去)买东西have a cold (患)感冒 have a cough (患)咳嗽 have a headache (患)头痛 have a try尝试;努力 have a look看一看 have a rest休息 have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐;坐下 have sports进行体育活动 have supper吃晚餐 hear of听说 hold a sports meeting举行运动会make a decision作出决定 make a mistake犯错误 make a noise吵闹make faces做鬼脸 make friends交朋友 make money赚钱take one´s place坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务 teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学 watch TV看电视 take photos照相 take time花费(时间) take turns轮流E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词 catch up with赶上 come up with找到;提出(答案、解决办法等) get on well with与......相处融洽 give birth to生(孩子) help yourself / yourselves to自取;随便吃 make room for给.....腾出地方play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧 speak highly of称赞 say good bye to告别;告辞 take an active part in积极参加 take care of照顾;照料;注意F)其他类型 be awake醒着的 be born出生 be busy doing忙着做come true实现 do one´s best尽最大努力 fall asleep睡觉;入睡 go home回家 go on doing (sth.)继续做某事;尽力 get married结婚get together相聚 go straight along沿着...一直往前走had better (do)最好(做...) keep doing sth.一直做某事 make sure确保;确认;查明 make up one´s mind下决心Aa bit (of) 有一点,一会儿a few 一些,少量a great deal 大量,许多a good/great many 大量,许多a kind of 一种,一类a little 一点,少许a lot of 许多,大量a number of 一些,许多a pair of 一双,一副a piece of 一块,一张,一根,一片above all 首先,首要according to 根据,按照add up to 合计达……after all 毕竟,终究after class 课后again and again 反复地,再三地agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree with sb. 同意某人的看法,与某人看法一致ahead of 在……之前all in all 总的来说,总计all kinds of 各种各样的all over 到处,遍及,结束all right 行了,好吧,(病)好了all the best 一切顺利,万事如意answer for 对……负责apart from 除去,除了arrive at (in) a place 到达某地as a matter of fact 事实上,其实as a result (作为)结果as...as 像,如同as soon as 一……就……as far as (表示程度,范围)就……;尽……as if 好像,仿佛as long as 只要as though 好像,仿佛as usual 通常,平常地as well 也,还有as well as 除……之外(也)Bbelong to 属于be proud of 骄傲,自豪be strict with 对……严格要求both...and 两个都,既……又……break away from 脱离……break down 损坏; (把化合物等) 分解,(汽车)抛锚break in 闯入,强行进入,插嘴,打断break off 打断; 折断break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发break up 分解;分裂bring in 引来,引进,吸收bring on 引起,导致,使前进bring up 教育,培养build up 逐步建立by accident 偶然by air ( bus, train, ship ) 乘飞机(公共汽车,火车,轮船)by and by 不久以后,逐渐地by day 日间,在白天by the way 顺便说Ccall for 提倡,号召, 需要call in 召来,召集call on 拜访,访问call up 号召,打电话care for 喜欢;照顾(病人)carry off 携走,夺走carry on 继续下去; 继续开展carry out 开展,执行catch up with 赶上(或超过)change into 转换成,把……变成check in 报到,登记check out 查明; 结账clear up 整理,收拾, (天气)放晴come about 发生,产生come across (偶然)遇见(或发现)come back 回来,想起来come down 落,下来come from 出生(于),来自come in 进入,进来come off 从……离开,脱落come on 来吧,赶快come out 出来,(书等)出版,发行come to 共计,达到come true 变为现实,成为事实come up 上来,上升,抬头come up with 追上,赶上;想出(主意);找出(答案)compare to 与……相比compare with 与……相比congratulate...on 祝贺……connect to 连接,相连connect with 与……相连cut down 砍倒cut off 切断cut up 齐根割掉,切碎Dday and night 日日夜夜do one's best 尽最大的努力deal with 处理,对付depend on (upon) 依靠,相信,信赖die out 消失,灭亡different from 与……不同divide up 分配divide...into... 把……分成……do some cleaning (shopping) 做扫除(买东西)dozens of 几十drop in 顺便走访(某人)due to 由于,因为Eeach other 相互earn one's living 谋生either...or 或者……或者……enjoy oneself 过得愉快even if 即使,尽管even though 即使,尽管ever since 自那时起直到现在Fface to face 面对面fall asleep 入睡fall ill 患病,病倒far away 遥远的far from 远离feel like doing 想要……, 感觉要……figure out 理解,想明白fill ... with 用……填充fill in 填充find out 查明,发现,了解first of all 首先for ever 永远for example 例如for good 永远from now on 从今以后,今后from then on 从那时起from... to 从……到……from time to time 不时,偶尔Gget along with 与……相处get away 逃; 离get back 返回; 回来; 回家get close (to) 接近get down 降下get down to 开始认真(做某事)get in 进入, 收获,达到get off 脱下(衣服等);下车get on 上车;过活get on with sb. 与……相处get through 通过,拨通(电话)get together 聚会,联欢get up 起床give away 分发give back 归还;送回give in 屈服,让步give out 分发give up 放?go ahead 走在前面,领先;干吧,干下去go away 走开,离去go by 走过; 经过; 过去go fishing (shopping, skat ing) (去)钓鱼(买东西,滑冰)go for 主张go for a walk 散步go in for 参加,喜欢go off 走开go on 继续go on doing... 继续干某事,不停地干某事go on with 继续go out 出去, 熄灭go over 仔细检查,复习go through 浏览; 翻阅,通过grow up 长大成人,成长Hhad better (do) 最好(做)hand in 上交; 交纳hand out 分发have a cold 患感冒hang on (打电话时)不挂断,等待片刻hang up 挂断电话have a gift for 对……有天赋have a good time 玩得高兴,过得愉快have classes 上课have fun with 玩得高兴have got to 不得不;必须have to 不得不;必须hear of 听说,知道hear from 收到……的来信help oneself to 请随便吃点help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事help...out 帮助某人解决困难hold on 等一等(别挂电话)hold one's breath 不出气,屏住呼吸hold out 伸出;坚持,维持hold up 阻挡,使停顿hundreds of 几百,成百上千hurry up 赶快,快点Iin a hurry 匆忙,很快地in all 总之in a word 简言之,总之in common 共同,共有in debt 欠债in danger 处在危险状态in fact 事实上,实际上in front of 在……前面in need of 需要,缺少in order 按顺序in order that 为了in order to 为了in other words 换句话说in peace 安静,宁静in public 当众;公开in surprise 吃惊,惊讶in the end 最后,终于in time 及时,来得及instead of 代替,而不是Jjoin in 参加,加入join up 联合起来,联结起来just now 现在,刚才Kkeep back 留下keep doing sth. 继续做某事keep off 勿踏; 勿踩keep on 继续(进行)keep one's word 守信keep up 保持; 维持; 继续knock at 敲knock into sb. 撞上Llaugh at 嘲笑lead to 导致,导向let in 让……进来,放进let out 放掉, 泄露live on 以……为主食,靠……为生look after 照顾look ahead 向前看,展望未来look down upon 看不起,轻视look for 寻找look forward to 盼望look into 向……里面看去; 调查look out 留神,当心look through 看穿, 浏览look up 查找lots of 许多,大量Mmake a face 做鬼脸,做苦脸make friends with 与……交朋友make up 和解,化装make up of 由……组成,构成make up one's mind 下决心millions of 成百万上千万,数以百万计more or less 或多或少Nneither...nor 既不……也不……next to 紧接着,相邻,次于no doubt 无疑地no longer 不再not any more 不再not at all 一点也不,绝非not only ... but also 不仅……而且……not so...as 不像,不如not till/until 直到……才now and then 不时,偶尔now that 既然Oof course 当然on (the, an) average 平均,按平均数计算on duty 值日,值班on foot 走路,步行on show 展出,在上演(放映)on time 准时on/over the radio 通过收音机once again 再一次once more 再一次once upon a time 从前,很久以前one after another 一个接一个open up 开启;开创; 开辟or else 否则,要不然ought to 应该out of breath 上气不接下气out of order 运转不正常,出毛病out of work 失业over and over again 反复,多次重复Ppass by 经过pay attention to 注意pay back 偿还(借款等)pay for 付款pay off 偿清(欠款等)persuade sb. to do 说服pick out 选出pick up 拾起,捡起, 接收;开车去接……point out 指出point to 指向prevent ... from 妨碍, 防止, 预防put away 储存put down 记下put off 推迟put on 穿,戴上,上演put on a performance 演出put on weight 发福,增加体重put out 扑灭,关熄put up 挂起,举起, 贴(广告等)put up with 忍受Rrather than 而不,非refer to 提到,涉及,有关regard... as 把……看作ring back 回电话ring off 挂断电话,停止讲话ring up 打电话给right away 立即,马上right now 立即,马上run away 逃跑, 失控run out of 用完Ssave one's life 挽救某人生命scores of 许多,大量see...off 为某人送行sell out 卖完, 出卖send for 派人去叫(请)send out 发出,派遣send up 发出, 射出sentence...to death 判处死刑separate...from... 分开set down 放下set free 释放,解放set off 动身,起程;使爆发set out 出发; 开始set up settle down 建立创立 定居,平静下来show off 炫耀side by side 肩并肩,一起so as to 以便,为的是so far 到目前为止so far as (表示程度,范围)就……,尽……so long as 只要so...that 太……以至于……sooner or later 迟早,早晚speed up 加快速度spend...on 在……花钱stand for 代表,象征stick to 坚持stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来做某事struggle against 同……作斗争such as 例如Ttake away 拿走take it easy 别着急,别紧张take off 脱下,起飞take one's time 从容,慢慢行动take out 取出take place 发生take sb. in the arms 搂抱take the place of 取代,代替take up 占去,占据(时间、地位等)talk about 谈论,议论talk of 谈论,议论the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天the more...the more... 越……就越……the other day 前几天,某日think about 考虑(是否去做)think of 想起,考虑;认为,看法thousands of 成千上万,几千throw away 扔掉too...to 太……以至于不……try on 试穿,试试看try out 试验turn down 关小,调低turn off 关掉(水、电、电视、收音机等)turn on 打开(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)turn over 翻动,犁翻(土地)turn up 到达,来到;开大(声音)Uup and down 上下,来回used to sth. 习惯于used to do sth. 过去常常Wwait for 等候,等待wake up 醒来work out 算出,解决worry about 担心,烦恼wrap up 包好, 伪装write down 写下,记下write to 写信给…和to do 连用的固定搭配:1. ask sb to do sth 请求某人做某事2. be pleased /be glad to do sth.很高兴做某事3. be in +sp to do sth在某地做某事4. can’t wait to do sth迫不及待地做某事5. can’t afford to do sth承担不了做某事6. decide to do sth决定做谋事7. do one’s best to do sth = try one’s best to do sth尽全力做某事8. do nothing to sb/ do nothing to do sth.对……无能为力9. deserve to do sth值得干某事10. enough to do sth.足以做某事11. encourage sb to do sth.鼓励某人做某事12. find +it + adj. to do sth发现做某事……怎么样。13. forget to do sth/forget doing sth.忘记去做/忘记已做过某事14. get ready to do sth 准备好做某事15. go on doing sth / go on to do sth/ go on with sth继续做某事16. hope to do sht / hope + that + 从句.希望做某事17. have to do sht 不得不做某事18. improve sth to do sth 改善/提高某物来做某事19. invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事20. It takes sb sometime to do sth 某人花了多少时间做某事21. It’s +adj. to do sth做某事是……Sth. is +adj. to do 22. It’s better to do sth做某事比较好23. It’s time to do sth / It’s time for sth到该做某事的时候了.24. like doing sth / like to do sth喜欢做某事25. like sb. to do sth喜欢某人做某事26. love to do sth爱做某事27. learn to do sth学会做某事28. make up one’s mind to do sth下决心做某事29. make a list of five ways to do sth列出做某事的五种方式的清单30. need to do sth需要做某事31. never ( not ) too… to do sth做某事不……32. plan to do sth计划做某事33. prefer to do sth rather than sth 喜欢……不喜欢34. refuse to do sth拒绝做某事35. remember to do sth/ remember doing sth.记得要去做/记得已做过某事36. The best time to do sth is …做某事的最佳时间是……
in case,以防万一make sure 确保identify with 认同take care of 照看look after 照顾be aware of 意识到不知道这些够不够?不够再加。
all by oneself 独立,单独above all 首先,特别是,最重要的是after all 到底,毕竟,终究,别忘了first of all 首先in all 总共most of all 最最all at once 突然,同时,马上all of a sudden 突然all right 好吧,行,情况不错all sorts of 各种各样的all kinds of 各种各样的all the best 万事如意all the more 更加all the same 尽管如此,仍旧(照样)all the year round 一年到头all in all adv.整个来说,大体而言all together 全部一起,一道AS(conj. ,adv.& pron.)as…as…与…一样as a matter of fact 事实上as a rule 通常as a result 结果as a whole 总的来说as if(as though) 好象是…,似乎是…as follows 如下as for 就…而言as(so) long as 只要as soon as 一…就…as soon as possible 尽快as usual 象往常一样as well 也,还as well as 同…一样might(may) as well 不妨so as to 以便as far as 远至…,就…而言At(prep.)at a time 一次,每次at breakfast 早餐时,正在吃早饭at first 最初at home 在家at last最后,终于at least 至少at (the) most至多,不超过at one time 以前,曾经at once 立刻,马上at night 在夜里,在晚上at midnight 在半夜at present 目前,现在at times有时候,偶尔at sea在大海上,在航行at one’s own expense 自费at the bottom 在底端at the end (of) 最后,尽头at the latest 最迟at the mercy of 在……的支配下at the head of 在……的前头at the moment 此刻at the same time 同时at work 在工作laugh at 嘲笑throw at向……扔去work hard at 努力工作(学习)be good at 擅长于…at the age of… 在…岁时By(prep.)by accident偶然地by air(sea, bus…)乘飞机(乘船,乘公共汽车……)by chance 碰巧,偶然地by day(night) 在白天(夜晚)day by day 一天天地by and by adv. 不久,过一会儿by far adv. …得多,最最learn (know)…by heart 记熟…,背诵…by mistake 错误地,由于疏忽所致by oneself 独自地one by one 一个一个地by the way 顺便说(问)by turns 轮流side by side 肩并肩,并排,一起by the side of 在……附近by and large adv. 大体上,一般而论little by little 逐渐step by step 逐步Break(v.)break away from 摆(逃)脱,脱离,改掉,破除break down (机器、车辆等)坏了,(身体)垮了,中断,压倒,分解break forth 迸发,突然break in 强行进入,插嘴,打岔,使驯服,使习惯break into破门而入,打断,占用break off突然停止(中断),打断,折断break out爆发,突然发生break through 突破,打破break up 散会,驱散,停课,腐蚀break with 与(人)断绝关系,绝交,舍弃,破除(传统、旧观念)Bring(v.)bring about 引起,导致,致使bring down 使倒下,使下降,击落,推翻bring …forth 提出(建议等),使产生bring in 收进(农作物),提出,挣入,获利,引进,增加 bring on 使发生,引起(疾病等),促进(植物的)成长,助长bring out 说明,阐明,出版,显现出,把…拿出来bring to an end 结束bring up 提出,抚养,培养,呕吐bring back 带回…,买回…,归还…,送回…,使记起…,使恢复Call(v.)call at (a place) 访问(某地)call back 回电话call for 去接某人,去拿某物,需要,要求…,大声呼叫…call in 来访,顺路到…,召来,召集,请来,收回call on(upon) 拜访,看望,号召,要求call up 给…打电话,征召(入伍),叫…起床,使想起(往事)call off 取消…,停止做…Come(v.)come about 发生,造成come across (无意中)碰到,找到,想到,越过come along 跟去,一道去,赶快,进行,进展come down 下降,下落,传下来come into power(office) 执政,就职come out 出来,出版,发行come into being 产生,建立come to 来到(某地),共计,来参加(活动),谈到,恢复知觉come to a conclusion 得出结论come to an end 结束come to nothing(no good) 没有结果(没有好处)Do(v.)do a good deed 干得好,搞好工作do away with 消灭,清除,取消,破除do good 有好处,有用处,做好事do harm 有害处,不利do one a favor 帮个忙do one good对某人有好处do one’s best 尽力,竭力do the deed 付诸行动,生效do one’s duty 履行职责do up 收拾,整理,修理,打扮,包,捆,系do with 处理,需要,想,将就用do wonders 创造奇迹do wrong(right) 做错(对)have sth (nothing)to do with和…有(无)关Down(adv.)bring down 使倒下,击落break down 分解burn down把……烧成平地,烧光get down to 开始认真(做某事)hand down 把……传下来put down记下,镇压tear down 拆毁,拆除turn down 关小,调低For(prep.)for a while 暂时,一时for ever 永远for free免费for the moment暂时be famous for因……而著名have a gift for 对……有天赋make a plan for 为……作计划stand for 代表,象征in (one’s) search for 寻找(求)as for 至于,说到care for 喜欢,想要change… for用……换fix a date for 约定……的日期Give(v.)give a talk 作报告,作演讲give birth to 生,产生give in 让步,屈服,妥协,投降,交上来give off (散)发出give one’s life 献出自己的生命give sb a hand 帮某人忙give one’s regards(greetings) to向…问好give out 散发,分发give up放弃,献出,交出,投降,认输,泄气Get(v.)get about (消息)传开,到处走动get along 进行,过活,相处,走开get away 逃掉,逃跑get away from 避免,摆脱,离开get back 回来,收回get close to 接近get down 记下来,打下来,落下get down on one’s knees 屈膝下跪get down to 开始认真(做某事)get into the habit of 染上…的习惯get hold of 拿到,找到,抓住get in 进站,进去,回来,收进去,请来get off 起飞,(动身)离开,脱下(衣服等)get on (某方面)进行情况,相处,上车,继续进行,顺利发展get on well with 与…相处融洽get over 克服,忍受,摆脱(疾病等)get rid of 消灭,摆脱,除掉get round 传开,绕过,回避get through做完,结束,通过(电话)接通get together 聚会,联欢get up 起床,站起来,举办Go(v.)go after 追求,设法得到go away 走开,离开go against 违反go ahead 进行,进展,干吧,说吧,先走go all out 全力以赴go bad (食物等)变坏,坏掉go by 走过,经过go in for 从事(某种事业或活动)go on 发生,进行,进展,继续下去go off 走开go out 熄灭,过时go over 审阅,检查,研究go through审阅,检查,学习,练习,经历,经过go up上涨,上升In(prep.,adv.)in a flash 一刹那间in a word总之,简言之in a hurry 匆忙地,很快地in (actual) fact 事实上in a sense 从某种意义上说in a short while 不久,一会而后in all 总共,总的来说in any case不管怎样in battle 在战斗中in case如果,以防(有某种情况)in chains 上着镣铐,在囚禁中in charge of 主管,负责in common 共同,共用in danger 在危险中in debt 负债,欠帐in front 前方,正面对in front of在……前面in full 全文地,全部地in general 一般地说in honour of 为了纪念……,为向……表示敬意in modern times 现代,近代in one’s opinion 据(某人的)看法in order to(that) 为了in other words 换句话说in peace 平静地,安宁地in public 在公众面前,公开地in search of 寻找in (one’s) search for 寻找,寻求in return 作为报答in silence 沉默地,无声地in short(=in a word ) 总之in space 在宇宙空间in spite of 尽管in that 因为,原因是in that case 假如那样的话in the air 在空中in the charge of… 有……掌管之中in the course of 在……过程中in the day在白天in the day time在白天in the future 将来,以后in the end 最后in the meantime 与此同时in the middle (of) 在……中间in time 及时地in turn 轮流believe in 相信,信任bring in 引进,引来,吸收call in 召来,召集hand in 上交,递交hand in hand 并进,联合,手牵手drop in 顺便走访join in 参加,加入once in a while 偶尔,间或play a part in 在……起作用stand in line 站在队里succeed in (doing sth.)(干……)成功take part in参加Keep(v.)keep a promise 遵守诺言keep a secret 守秘密keep watch 注意,警惕,提防keep back 扣下,隐瞒,忍住(眼泪)keep body and soul together 维持生活keep in mind 记住,想着keep off 避开,挡住,不接近keep one’s balance 保持平衡keep on继续(干)keep out 遮挡,使不入内keep silence 保持沉默(安静)keep sb﹍ from doing sth阻止某人做某事keep up 保持,维持,继续(某活动)keep up with 不落在后面,跟上,及时了解(情况)Look(v.)look after 照顾 ,照管look as if 看起来似乎look back(upon)回想,回顾look down on(upon)看不起look for 寻找look forward to 盼望look into 研究, 调查 ,了解look like 看起来像look on(upon)…as 把……看作look out 查出 找出look out (for)注意, 当心, 提防 look the same 看起来很像look through 翻阅, 看一遍look over (仔细)检查look up 查找,上涨, 好转, 向上看 Make(v)make clear 说明,弄(讲)清楚make a decision 作出决定make a promise 答应,允诺make a plan for 为……作计划make a record 录制唱片make friends (with)(和…)交朋友make faces 做鬼脸make fun of 和 开玩笑make a noise 吵闹make it a rule 总是……make one’s way to(out of)向… 走去(从…走出)make ends meet 应付开支,量入为出make room 让地方make sense 讲得通,很有意义make sure(certain)一定要,确保,核实,弄清楚make …to one’s own measure 依照某人的尺寸做……make up 构成,占,编造,弥补 make up one’s mind 决心,利用make use of 利用Of(prep.)a bit of少量的,一点a bottle of 一瓶a glass of 一(玻璃)杯a great deal of 很多a handful of 少量的a (large)number of 许多a lot of 许多,大量的lots of 许许多多的a piece of 一片(张,块)a place of interest 名胜a pair of 一双,一对a waste of 浪费all kinds of 各种各样的all sorts of各种各样的at the head of 在……的前头at the mercy of 在……的支配下because of 因为be made up of 由……组成be proud of 为……而自豪be fond of 爱好,喜欢be tired of 厌烦die of 死于dream of 向往,渴望,梦想get rid of 处理,去掉in charge of 主管,负责in the charge of 由……掌管in honour of 为了纪念,为向……表示敬意instead of 代替in the hope of 怀着……的期望in spite of 尽管knock out of 从……中敲出来make fun of 取笑某人make sure of 确定,弄清楚make use of 利用masses of 大多数packs of 大量的,大部分play the role of 扮演……角色out of 从……向(往)外on the point of 正要……的时候plenty of 充足的,相当多的remind sb of 使某人想起run out of 用完scores of 许多,大量take the place of代替,取代talk of 谈论,议论think of 认为,想到,想起take possession of占有,拥有On(prep.,adv.)on average 平均on board 在船上on fire 着火on foot 走路,步行on holiday 休假,度假on one’s way to 在……的途中on one’s own 独立地,独自地on the air (用无线电,电视)播送on the radio 通过收音机,通过广播on the point of 正要……的时候on watch 值班,守望bring on 使前进,使发生,引起carry on 继续下去come on 来吧,赶快congratulate …on 祝贺depend on 依靠,相信from then(now) on 从那时(现在)起have…on穿着,戴着have an effect on 对……产生作用live on 以……为主食look down on(upon) 轻视,看不起keep on (doing sth) 继续(做某事)move on 继续前进,pass on 传递,转移到play a joke on 戏弄(某人)Out(adv.,prep)break out 爆发,突然发生carry out 开展,执行,实现check out 查明,结帐die out 消失,灭亡find out 找出,查出give out 分发,散发,用完hand out分发help…out 帮某人从困境中解脱hold out 伸出look out 留神,当心pick out 挑出point out 指出put out 扑灭,关熄run out of 用完send out 发出,派遣set out发出,开始show…out 领……出去try out 实验work out 算出,解决,制定出out of 从……向(往)外out of breath 上气不接下气out of work 失业,没工作out of one’s reach 够不着Put(v.)put away 存起来,收拾起来put back 推迟,放回(原处),拨回(时钟)put down 写下来,镇压put forward 提出,提前put in order 整理put into practice 实行put off 推迟,延期,关上(开关等)put on 穿(戴)上,上演,打开(开关等)put on weight 增加体重put out 熄灭,生产,出版put up 举(架)起,修建,张贴,留宿 Set (v.)set about 开始(着手)做set an example 作出榜样set down 放下,写(记)下set fire to=set…on fire 放火,烧着set off 使爆炸,引起,起程set out 出发,动身,开始,着手,列举,详述set sail 起航set to work (使)开始做……set up 立(支)起来,成(建)立Take(v.)take a(one’s)seat 就座,坐下take a look at 看一下take a photograph (of)照一张(…的)相take aim 瞄准take an action 采取行动take an interest in 对……感兴趣take along 随身带着take away拿走,拿开,使离开,把……打发走take back 收回,让退(货)take…by surprise使…吃惊,出奇兵攻占take care 注意,当心take care of 照顾,负责take charge of 负责take exercise 做运动take…for granted 视为当然,想必是take hold of 抓住,握住take in 订阅,使上当,收留take…in one’s arm (拥)抱take it easy 别紧张,放松些take note(notice)of 注意,理会take notes 记录,作笔记take off 脱掉,起飞,减(去)掉take (a day)off 休假(一天)take office 就职,上任take on 雇用,招收,具有(……的意思),呈现……面貌,开始从事take one’s defeat(things)lying down甘心失败take (an active) part in(积极)参加take one’s place 坐某人的座位,代替某人的职务take place 发生,举行take possession of 占有,拥有take pride in 为……感到骄傲take the place of 代替,取代take turns 轮流take up 开始学习,开始(某活动,空间)take up arms 拿起武器Turn(v.)turn a deaf ear (blind eye)to不听(不理睬)turn down 拒不采纳,开小点turn in 上交,交进去,上床睡觉turn on(off) 打开(关)turn out 结果,原来(情况是),产生,制造turn over 移交,打翻,翻耕,翻阅,考虑turn to 求助于,翻到,转到turn up 出席,出现,开大点,查找Up(adv.)break up 分解,腐蚀bing up 教育,培养,提出,呕吐build up 逐步实现clear up 整理,弄清,晴(开)朗起来come up 抬头,上来,上升cut up 切碎,齐根切断divide up 分配eat up 吃完,吃光fix up 安顿,修理好give up 放弃,投降,献出go up 上涨,上升grow up 生长,长大hold up 抬起,阻挡,使停顿join up 连接(联合)起来make up 编出,构成,弥补open up 开创,开辟pick up 接收,拾起,捡起put up 举(架)起,张贴,留宿round up 赶拢,使集拢speed up 加快速度set up 建立,创立stay up 不睡,挺住,站立take up 占去,占据throw up 呕吐,吐出turn up 到达,出现wake up 醒来Way(n.)all the way 全程,一直地ask the way 问路by the way 顺便说(问)by way of 取道,经由have a long way to go 还有很长的路in a(one) way 在某种程度上in a bad way 身体状况不好,情况不妙in any way 在任何(哪)方面in every way 在各方面,以各种方式in many ways 在很多方面in no way 怎样也不,一点也不in the (a) family way 怀孕了in the way of,in one’s way 碍事,妨碍lead the way 带路make one’s way to 向……走去lose one’s way 迷路make way for 给……让路on the way (to) 在(去)……路上With(prep.)be angry with 对……发脾气be busy with 忙于be fed up with 厌倦catch up with 赶上deal with 处理,对付be in love with 与……相爱get on well with 与……相处融洽keep in touch with 与……保持联系Word(s)(n.)break one’s word不信守诺言,失信eat one’s words 承认说错了,收回自己的话have a word(a few words)with 和……说句(几句)话have a word in one’s ear 给某人说悄悄话have word 得到信息接不定式或动名词做宾语意思相同的12 个动词like to do sth/like doing sth喜欢做某事love to do sth/love doing sth 喜欢做某事hate to do sth/hate doing sth憎恨做某事prefer to do sth/ prefer doing sth 宁可做某事begin to do sth/ begin doing sth开始做某事start to do sth/ start doing sth 开始做某事continue to do sth/ continue doing sth 继续做某事can’t bear to do sth/can’t bear doing sth不能忍受做某事bother to do sth/ bother doing sth 麻烦做某事intend to do sth/ intend doing sth 想要做某事attempt to do sth/ attempt doing sth试图做某事cause to do sth/ cause doing sth停止做某事接不定式或动名词做宾语意思不同的7 个动词(1) remember to do sth记住要做某事remember doing sth记得曾做过某事(2) forget to do sth忘记要做某事forget doing sth忘记曾做过某事(3) regret to do sth后悔(遗憾)要做某事regret doing sth后悔(遗憾)做过某事(4) try to do sth设法要做某事try doing sth做某事试试看看有何效果(5) mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事(6) can’t help to do sth不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth忍不住做某事(7) go on to do sth做完某事后接着做另一事go on doing sth继续做一直在做的事可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的 8 个常见动词accuse sb of sth控告某人犯某事(罪),指责某人做某事cheat sb of sth骗取某人某物cure sb of sth治好某人的病,改掉某人的习惯inform sb of sth通知某人某事remind sb of sth使某人想起某情况rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某物rob sb of sth抢劫某人的某东西warn sb of sth警告某人有某情况18个常用“be+形容词+for”结构be anxious for 渴望be bad for 对……有害,对……不行be bound for 前往be celebrated for 以……出名be convenient for 对……方便,在……附近be eager for 渴望be famous for 因……闻名be fit for 合适,适合be good at 对……有益(方便)be grateful for 感谢be hungry for 渴望得到be late for 迟到be necessary for 对……有必要be ready for 为……准备好be sorry for 因……抱歉be suitable for 对……合适(适合)be thankful for 因……而感激be well-known for 以……出名动名词前省略介词 in 的18 常用结构be careful (in) doing sth做某事时很小心be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事be fortunate (in) doing sth很幸运做某事be late(in) doing sth做某事做晚了或做迟了have luck(in) doing sth做某事时有运气(走运)have difficulty(in) doing sth做某事有困难have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难have bother(in) doing sth做某事费劲have a problem(in) doing sth做某事有困难have a good time(in) doing sth做某事很开心have a hard time(in) doing sth做某事很辛苦find diffuculty(in) doing sth做某事发现有困难lose no time(in) doing sth马上做某事spend money(time) (in) doing sth花钱(时间)做某事waste money(time) (in) doing sth浪费钱(时间)做某事There is no difficulty(in) doing sth做某事没有困难There is no use(in) doing sth做某事没有用There is no point(in) doing sth做某事没有意义24个常用“in+名词+of”结构in advance of在……前面in behalf of为了,为了……的利益in celebration of 庆祝in commemoration of纪念,庆祝in explanation of 解释in favour of 赞成,主张in honor of 纪念,祝贺,欢迎in need of 需要in possession of 拥有in respect of 关于,就……而言in sight of 看得见,在看见……的地方in support of 为了支持(拥护)……in aid of 帮助in case of 如果,万一,以防in charge of 负责,管理in defence of 保卫in face of 面对in front of 在……前面in memory of 纪念in place of代替in praise of称赞in search of 寻找,搜寻in spite of 尽管,虽然in view of 鉴于,考虑到注:同时注意以下相似结构:in exchange for 作为对……的交换in return for 作为……的报答in addition to 加之,除……之外in contrast to(with) 与……形成对比in reply to作为对……的回报(答复)in(with)reference to关于in preparation for为……作准备in reward for 作为……的报酬in answer to回答,响应in opposition to 与……相反,反对in response to 回答,响应in(with) regard to 关于
高考英语动词及动词短语一、短语动词的构成 英语中的动词,按其构成,可分为单词动词(single-word verb)和短语动词(phrasal verb).短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词.这种动词主要有三种组合形式: 1.动词 + 介词 I agree with (与……看法一致)you on that point. Before long he took to (爱上)a girl student in his class. 2.动词 + 副词 I can't figure out (理解)why he said that. Uncle Tom passed away (去世)many years ago. 3.动词 + 副词+ 介词 We don't go in for (喜欢)that kind of thing. I couldn't put up with (忍受)the noise any longer. 在"动词+副词+介词"的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开. 另外,还需要注意的是,以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配,这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的,试比较: (1) The lights went out. (2) He put on his coat and went out. 例(1)中的went out(熄灭)是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词.例(2)中的went out(出去)不是短语动词,went 是动词,out是副词,作状语.一般说,动词兼有及物和不及物用法时,会有两种情况:一是其应用语境和词义会有不同;二是在同一个释义下,可及物又可不及物。这种情况下,它们的区别在于,使用不及物时,强调主语的特征、性质。简单理解就是,可触及之物,和不可触及之物。能触摸到的是实物,不可触摸的是虚幻的,抽象的概念。give”,I will give…,give的是什么呢,这不完整,说明give是助动词,必须加宾语,可以说I will give you a book.这个give就是及物动词。接下来再举一例,“listen”,I am listening,意思完整,不用加宾语意思就完整,这个词就是不及物动词,不是说不及物动词就不能加宾语,也能加,但是加的时候要加一个介词,如listen to me,一定要加介词。 例如:The children are listening to the music. (listen是不及物动词) we study English everyday.(study是及物动词)二、及物与不及物短语动词 由动词和副词构成的短语动词有的起及物动词的作用,有的起不及物动词的作用.短语动词是及物的还是不及物的主要取决于短语动词的意思.因为,一个短语动词可能具有两个或几个不同的意思,用作某个或某几个意思时可能是及物的,用作别的意思时又可能是不及物的.例如: He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again when he went out. (take off 是及物短语动词) There is often a spectators' balcony at airports, where people can watch the planes taking off and landing. (take off是不及物短语动词) 及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词。 不及物动词,就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词。 The 16th National Book Fair held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.(错误) 在表示“举办活动等”时,hold是一个及物动词,要求带宾语;如果不使用宾语,则直接使用其被动语态,可以写成: The 16th National Book Fair was held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.(正确)及物不及物的区别:根据动词其后是否带有宾语,分为及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须直接接宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语,动词后要加一个介词。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅 ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言) hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作 三、及物短语动词宾语的位置 1. 名词宾语通常位于这种短语动词之末.例如: I am looking for my glasses. 2. 个别短语动词,其名词宾语必须放在动词和副词之间,不能放在短语动词之后.例如: I am going to see the guests off at the airport this afternoon. 3. 对有些短语动词来说,名词宾语既可放在整个短语动词后面,也可放在动词和介词或副词之间.例如: We'll have to put off the party. 或者We'll have to put the party off. 4. 代词宾语有时位于短语动词的词尾.例如: I am looking into it. 5. 代词宾语更常紧跟在动词之后,代词宾语的这个位置常见于下列介词或副词之前:away, down, in, off, out, up. 四、及物短语动词后接动词宾语的问题 1. 及物短语动词后接动词宾语时,要用该动词的动名词形式.例如: He insisted on buying this car. 2. 有些短语动词后面可接不定式.例如: Most of the members called on the mayor to resign. 3.有的短语动词既可接动名词又可接不定式,但意思差别很大,go on doing 和go on to do就是典型的例子.3. 动词兼有及物和不及物用法时,注意使用上的区别 例如: a. My English has improved a lot. b. My English has been improved a lot. 同样都说“我的英语有了很大提高。”a只描述了事实,并不含有是怎样提高的;而b则会隐含是怎样经过努力提高的。例如: My English has been improved a lot (with the help of a foreign teacher). 回到本文这个作文题目,表达“书市开幕”,使用动词open,就有可能用到其及物和不及物用法,如: The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008. 这里“open”为不及物动词; The 16th National Book Fair was opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008. 这里“open”为及物动词。 英语里的动词,大部分都是兼有及物和不及物用法,在使用中要特别加以注意。 4. 动词兼有其他词性时,在使用上要注意不要引起歧义 有很多动词还具有其他词性,例如: like可以是动词,还可以是介词。例如: I like playing football very much. (like为及物动词) I don’t feel like playing football right now.(like为介词) open可以是动词,还可以是形容词。例如: The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.(open为动词) The 16th National Book Fair was open in Tianjin from May 18th, 2008. (open为形容词) 需要注意的是,在使用动词open时,更强调动作,所以对应开幕当天;而要使用形容词open时,更强调状态,所以对应开幕时间段,句子中的介词使用了“from…(to)…” 动词兼有其他词性时,在使用上既要注意不同词性对应出的不同语境,还要注意,由于词性不同,可能词义也不同,不要由于误用引起歧义,闹出笑话。[解题过程] 1、及物动词后面必须接宾语的动词叫做及物动词。有的动词必须接一个宾语,有的必须接两个宾语。 单宾语 He is sreading amagazine. 他正在读一本杂志。 双宾语 MrZhang teaches us English. 张老师教我们英语。 复合宾语必须接一个宾语同时接一个补语 We often hear him sing in the park. 我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。 2、不及物动词本身意义完整,后面不需要接宾语。 例如: The rain stopped. 雨停了。 What happened yesterday? 昨天发生了什么? 注意:不及物动词没有被动语态。 3、实际上很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。我举一个例子,就说write。如I am writing.和I am writing aletter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词,在后一个句子write是及物动词。 又如,see是及物动词,但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。及物动词有被动形式(因为被动形式的本质就是把宾语作为主语,所以能加宾语才可能会有被动式)。与之相对,不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,如果要跟宾语必须在病愈之前加上介词。因此,不及物动词没有被动形式。举个例子:give给,要说give sb sth sb sth.都是give 的宾语,因此give在这里是及物动词rise升起The sun rises.后面不加宾语的,所以rise是不及物动词raise提升She raised the gun.她举起枪。枪是宾语,使举的对象,所以raise在这里是及物动词。另外有一点,英语中有不少单词既可以做及物动词也可以作不及物动词的。比如sing等,既可以说sing a song,也可以直接说sb sing一、过去分词用在被动语态时1、把握的关键(1)有些动词既是及物(vt.)又是不及物(vi.),但表达形式不同其含义也就不同。(2)只有用作及物动词的过去分词才可以构成被动语态。(3)用作不及物动词(vi.)的过去分词不适用于被动语态,通常只能用主动形式表被动的含义,说明主语的性质、状态、特征等。常见的有下列动词:sell, wash , write, read, tear, wear, open, close, shut, lock, begin, start, stop, last, translate, , belong to, iron, smoke, eat, smell, taste, look, fell, sound, appear, turn out, prove, 等。2、示例a. This shirt has to be washed (vt.)and ironed (vt.) every day. But luckily it washes (vi.) well and irons (vi.) easily. 这件衬衫每天都得洗熨,但幸运的是它好洗易熨。 b. The breakfast this morning wan cooked (vt.) enough but eaten (vt.) only a little because it didn’t cooked (vi.) very well and not eaten (vi.) deliciously. 今天的早饭做得多但吃得少是因为做得不好,吃起来不香。c. The story was written (vt.) by Tom .It writes well and reads easily.(vi.) 这个故事是汤姆写的。故事写得好,容易读懂。二、过去分词用作非谓语动词时 (一)先用表格呈现总轮廓 过去分词 vt. vi. 说 明 一般式 1.表被动 2.动作已经完成 1.表主动 2.动作已经完成 只有一种时态和语态形式 否定形式 not + 过去分词 要否定分词所表示的动作,在其前加not 过去分词 短语 过去分词+宾语或状语 过去分词可以和自己的宾语或状语构成分词短语 独立主格 结构 名词/人称代词主格 + 过去分词 只用作状语,即:过去分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语和句子的主语不相一致,就要在前加名词或人称代词主格 句法功能 作定语、宾语补足语、表语、状语 过去分词用作非谓语动词,其作用相当于形容词或副词 (二)根据句法作用理清用法1、作定语 1) 把握的关键: a. 单个的过去分词作前置定语(个别几个过去分词习惯上后置)。 b. 过去分词短语作后置定语。 c. 及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语(即它所修饰的名词)之间是被动关系,强调动作已完成,可以扩展为一个谓语动词是被动语态的定语从句。 d. 不及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系(即:只说明逻辑主语所处的状态、特点、特征等),强调动作已完成,可以扩展为一个谓语动词是主动语态的定语从句。2) 示例a. a repaired car (vt. /前置,动作已完成)= a car which has been repaired 一辆修好了的车子 b. a question discussed yesterday (vt. /后置,动作已完成) = a question which was discussed yesterday 一个昨天讨论过的问题c. the risen sun (vi. /前置,动作已完成) = the sun which has risen 升起的太阳d. the fallen leaves on the ground (vi. /后置,动作已完成) = the leaves which have fallen on the ground 落在地面上的树叶3) 还应注意:某些过去分词脱离了动词特征当作形容词使用作定语时,表示人的心里状态、情感变化等,即:人对事物所产生的心理反应或看法,“人感到……” 。例如:a. the excited boys 这些激动的孩子(= the boys who feel excited 即:孩子们感到激动)b. the surprised look on her face 她脸上吃惊的表情(= people feel surprised when seeing the look on her face 即:人看了感到吃惊的表情)c. an interested man 一个有趣之人(= people think that the man is interesting 即:人们觉得此人很有趣。)2、做宾语补足语1) 把握的关键a. 过去分词作宾语补足语时,其逻辑主语就是它的宾语。b. 及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语之间是被动关系,动作已完成。c. 不及物动词只有gone, come, arrived, risen, fallen, left等少数几个动词可以用来作宾语补足语, 并且和逻辑主语之间是主动关系,动作已完成。 2) 示例a. I heard him hit by his father yesterday. (vt./被动)我听说他昨天挨父亲的打了。 b. He had his car repaired. (vt. /被动) 他把车子修好了。c. She fell asleep, without the light turned off. (vt. /被动)她没关灯就睡着了。d. When I got to the station, I found the train gone/left. (vi./主动) 到车站时,我发现火车已开走。3、作表语1) 把握的关键a. 只限于单个过去分词作表语(过去分词短语不作表语)。b. 只有 come, gone, left 等少数几个不及物动词的过去分词可以用来作表语。c. 能用作表语的过去分词已脱离了动词的特征,只当作形容词使用,说明主语的状态,即人对事物的看法以及心理反应等。2) 示例a. The glass is broken. 这个杯子破了。b. He is very excited at the news. 听到这个消息他很激动。c. Hearing the bad news, she felt very disappointed. 听到这个坏消息,她很失望。d. Spring is come, and the weather is getting warmer. 春天来了,天气也暖和了起来。e. My hope is gone. 我的希望破灭了。4、作状语1) 把握的关键a. 过去分词(短语)作状语时,和逻辑主语(句子的主语)之间存在被动关系,所表示的动作在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生或完成。b. 用作状语的过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语要和句子的主语相一致(即:同一个人或物),否则,就要用独立主格结构,或相应的状语从句表达。2) 示例a. Not written interestingly, the book doesn’t sell well.这本书写得没意思,因而销售不畅。(作原因状语。written 的逻辑主语是the story, 存在逻辑上的被动关系;动作在sell之前完成。) 又如:b. Repaired, the car runs very well. (作时间状语)车子修过之后,运行很正常。c. He came into the room, followed by his students. (作伴随状语) 他走进了教室,学生跟随其后。d. Given more time, I can do it better. (作条件状语)如果多给些的时间,我会把此事做得更好一些。e. Warned many times, he didn’t pay enough attention to it. (作让步状语)提醒过他好多次,可他就是对此没有引起足够的注意。f. The work finished, we sat down and had a rest. 工作干完了之后,我们坐下来休息了一会。 (独立主格结构作时间状语。finished的逻辑主语是the work) 再如:g. The thief sat on the ground, his hands tied behind his back. (独立主格结构作伴随/方式状语) 小偷坐在地上,手被绑在背后。h. All considered, you can start the work. (独立主格结构作条件状语)如一切都考虑周全的话,你可以开始这项工作了。3) 还应注意:a. 作状语的过去分词(短语)只为句子的一个成份。因此,和句子的中间不能插入任何并列连词,比如and ,but ,so 等。例如:Told many times, but he didn’t do it well. ( but 使用错误)b. 过去分词(短语)作状语时,还可以在前面加上相应的连词,如:when, while, as, after, before, till, until, if, unless, although, though, even if,even though, once等(但是独立主格结构前再不能加这类连词);或改写成相应的状语从句(除伴随状语外)。例如:i.( If )permitted, we can leave right now. (= If we are permitted, we can leave right now.) 如果许可,我们现在就走。ii.( When )heated, ice will be changed into water. (= When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. 冰加热时,就会变成水。iii. (Once) seen, it can never be forgotten. (= Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten. 这东西一旦看到一次,就永远也忘不了。iv. (Although) written for the teachers, the book is also useful to the students. (= Although it is written for the teacher, the book is also useful to the students. 尽管这本书是为老师写的,对学生也有用。