英文诗鉴赏

英诗的欣赏：诗的格律、诗的押韵、诗的体式、诗的评判。诗以高度凝结的语言表达着人们的喜怒哀乐，用其特有的节奏与方式影响着人们的精神世界。诗讲究联想，运用象征、比喻、拟人等各种修辞手法，形成了独特的语言艺术。 一、 诗的格律 “格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”，是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式，也是朗读时轻重音的依据。而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。重读音节为扬（重），在音节上用“－”或“?”标示，非重读音节为抑（轻），在音节上用“?”标示，音步之间可用“／”隔开。以下是五种常见格式： 1. 抑扬格（轻重格）Iambus：是最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。 As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass， So deep / in luve / am I ： And I / will luve / thee still，/ my dear， Till a` / the seas / gang dry： Robert Burns（1759-1796）： My Luve Is like a Red， Red Rose 注；art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go 上例中为四音步与三音步交叉，可标示为：?－／?－／?－／（?－） 2.扬抑格（重轻格）Trochee：每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。 下例中为四音步扬抑格（少一个轻音节），可标示为：－?／－?／－?／－ Tyger！/ Tyger！/ burning / bright In the / forests / of the / night William Blake： The Tyger 3. 抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）Anapaestic foot： 每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。如：三音步抑抑扬格??－／??－／??－ Like a child / from the womb， Like a ghost / from the tomb， I arise / and unbuild / it again. 4. 扬抑抑格（重轻轻格）Dactylic foot： 每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成。如：两音步扬抑抑格－??／－?? ?Touch her not / ?scornfully， ?Think of her / ?mournfully. - Thomas Hood 5. 抑扬抑格（轻重轻格）Amphibrach：每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成。如：三音步抑扬抑格?－?／?－?／?－?下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格。 O ?hush thee / my ?babie / thy ?sire was / a knight. 在同一首诗中常会出现不同的格律，格律解析对朗读诗歌有一定参考价值。现代诗中常不遵守规范的格律。 二、 诗的押韵 押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法。 1. 尾韵：最常见，最重要的押韵方式。 1） 联韵：aabb型。 I shot an arrow into the air， It fell to earth， I knew not where； For， so swiftly it flew， the sight Could not follow it in its flight. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow： The Arrow and the Song 2） 交叉韵：abab型。 Sunset and evening star， And one clear call for me！ And may there be no moaning of the bar， When I put out to sea， Alfred Tennyson（1809-1892）： Crossing the Bar 3） 同韵：有的诗押韵，一韵到底，大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。 如下例就共用／i：p／为韵脚。 The woods are lovely， dark and deep， But I have promises to keep， And miles to go before I sleep， And miles to go before I sleep. Robert Frost （1874-1963）： Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 2. 头韵：是指一行（节）诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。下例中运用／f／、／b／与／s／头韵生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象。 The fair breeze blew， the white foam flew， The furrow followed free， We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. T.S. Coleridge： Rime of the Acient Mariner 3.内韵（同元音）：指词与词之间原因的重复形成的内部押韵。 下面一节诗中／i／及／iη／重复照应，呈现出一派欢乐祥和的气氛。 Spring， the sweet spring， is the year‘s pleasant king； Then blooms each thing， then maids dance in a ring， Cold dath not sting， the pretty birds do sing： Cuckoo，jug-jug，pu-we，to-witta-woo！ Thomas Nashe（1567-1601）： Spring， the Sweet Spring 三、 诗的体式 有的诗分成几节（stanza），每节由若干诗行组成（每行诗均以大写字母开头）；有的诗则不分节。目前我们常见的诗体有： 1. 十四行诗（Sonnet），源于中世纪民间抒情短诗，十三、十四世纪流行于意大利，意大利彼特拉克（Petrarch）为代表人物，每行十一个音节，全诗一节八行，加一节六行，韵脚用abba， abba， cdcdcd （cdecde）。前八行提问，后六行回答。 后来，怀亚特（ThomasWyatt，1503-1542）将十四行诗引人英国，五音步抑扬格，全诗三个四行一个二行，前三节提问，后二句结论。斯宾塞（EdmundSpenser，1552-1599）用韵脚 abab， bcbc，cdcd，ee.莎士比亚（WilliamShakespeare，1564-1616）用韵脚abab，cdcd，dfdf，gg，称英国式或莎士比亚式。举例见本文第四部分。 2. 打油诗（Limericks）：通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌，一般没有标题也无作者姓名，含有幽默讽刺性，常运用双关，内韵等手法。每首诗五个诗行，押韵为aabba，格律以抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。 1） There was a young lady of Nigger Who smiled as she rode on a tiger； They returned from the ride With the lady inside， And the smile on the face of the tiger. 2） A tutor who taught on the flute Tried to teach two tooters to toot， “Is it harder to toot， or Said the two to the tutor， To tutor two tooters to toot？“ 3. 无韵体（Blank Verse）：五音步抑扬格，不押韵诗体。 Across the watery bale ， and shout again， Responsive to his call， - with quivering peals， And long halloos， and screams， and echoes loud. Redoubled and redoubled：concourse wild Of jocund din！… William Wordsworth： There Was a Boy 4. 自由诗（FreeVerse）：现代诗中常见的体式，长短不同的诗行存在于同一首诗中，不讲究押韵与格律，只注重诗歌所表达的意象和传递的情感。美国诗人WaltWhitman的>（Leaves of Grass）中，就采用此格式。例子见第四部分。 四、 诗的评判 对一首诗，个人的感受会有不同。节奏流畅，语言精炼，联想新颖的诗可算是好诗。堆砌词藻，一味抒发感情而无实际内容的诗，只能是下乘的诗。 二十世纪英美诗歌大量采用自由诗体，接近口语，可谓大胆创新，大概也是诗歌发展的大势所趋吧。以下通过三首诗的分析看诗的评判。 1. That Time of Year That time of year thou may‘st in me behold When yellow leaves，or none，or few， do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold， Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang， In me thou see‘st the twilight of such day As after sunset fadeth in the west， When by and by black night doth take away， Death‘s second self， that seals up all in rest. In me thou see‘st the glowing of such fire， That on the ashes of his youth doth lie. As the deathbed whereon it must expire， Consumed with that which it was nourished by. This you perceivest， which makes thy love more strong， To love that well which thou must leave ere long. Notes：may‘st：may behold：see late：no long ago thou：you see’st：see fadeth：fades doth：does seals up all at rest：彻底埋葬 thy：your perceivest： perceive ere long： before long 此诗是莎士比亚（William Shakespeare， 1564-1616）的一首十四行诗。作为英国文学巨匠，他以37部剧作和154首十四行诗屹立于世界文坛。 此诗为五音步抑扬格，每个诗行格律为：?－／?－／?－／?－／?－／。 全诗涉及衰老、死亡及爱情问题。前十二行：通过描写深秋的树枝黄叶凋零，曾是百鸟争鸣的歌坛，联想到自身青春会如夕阳消逝在远方，被黑夜吞没；自身的青春会如将尽的柴火奄奄一息，被曾滋养过它的火焰焚化。其中choirs（歌坛），deathbed（灵床）使用暗喻手法，同时又用夕阳和柴火象征人的衰老死亡。最后两行：点题，人们对即将永别的东西会更珍惜。本文动词变化具有明显的伊利沙白时代的特点。 2. The Daffodils I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o‘er vales and hills， When all at once I saw a crowd， A host of golden daffodils； Beside the lake， beneath the trees， Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way， They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay： Ten thousand saw I at a glance， Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced； but they Outdid the sparkling waves in glee： A poet could not but be gay， In such a jocund company： I gazed - and gazed - but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought： For oft， when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood， They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude； Ans then my heart with pleasure fills， And dances with the daffodils. Notes： a crowd， a host of： many sprightly：happy glee：joy jocund：happy bliss：complete happiness pensive：sadly thoughtful 华兹华斯（WilliamWordsworth，1770-1850），十九世纪初英格兰北部湖区三大“湖畔派诗人”（浪漫主义）之一。此诗向我们描绘了一幅美好的自然景象，同时抒发作者对自然美景的喜欢。黄水仙据说是威尔士国花（1282年，威尔士归顺英格兰，被封公国），在英国广泛栽种，春季开花，花期不长。有许多关于黄水仙的诗歌，这首诗无疑是脱颖而出的。 全诗语言精炼，通俗易懂，四音步抑扬格，分四节（stanza），每节6行，每节押韵均为ababcc.第一节写诗人孤寂时外出散步，偶遇水仙；第二节写水仙争相开放，千姿百态；第三节，诗人看到这景象感到欣喜异常；第四节写诗人在日后忧郁时，回想当时情景，又让他心中充满了欢乐，随着水仙跳起舞来。 3. Song of Myself I celebrate myself， and sing myself， And what I assume you shall assume， For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul， I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. My tongue， every atom of my blood， form‘d from this soil， this air， Born ere of parents born here from parents the same， and their parents the same， I， now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin， Hoping to cease not till death. Creeds and schools in abeyance， Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are， but never forgotten. I harbor for good or bad， I permit to speak at every hazard. Nature without check with original energy. Notes： a spear of： a piece of school：学说，流派 hazard：chance abeyance： the condition of not being in use for a certain time 惠特曼（Walt Whitman，1819-1892），美国诗人。此诗选自其巨著。本文是Song of Myself 一诗的第一部分，采用自由诗体，语言接近当时的美国口语。 文中I指作者，you指读者，这种写法使读者身临其境，进入作者描写的世界。作者在文中表明人的价值是平等的，同时他把自己融入到自然带给他的启发思考中。 从上看出，诗歌的欣赏评判并非可望而不可及，关键要抓住诗中的意象，了解其语义，以便把握诗的大意。纵然每个人的读后感会有不同，但每个人都会在阅读过程中感受到诗歌带来的美和精神上的共鸣。

Love Your Life 热爱生活 Henry David Thoreau/享利.大卫.梭罗 However mean your life is,meet it and live it ;do not shun it and call it hard names.It is not so bad as you are.It looks poorest when you are richest.The fault-finder will find faults in paradise.Love your life,poor as it is.You may perhaps have some pleasant,thrilling,glorious hourss,even in a poor-house.The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man’s abode;the snow melts before its door as early in the spring.I do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there,and have as cheering thoughts,as in a palace.The town’s poor seem to me often to live the most in dependent lives of any.May be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving.Most think that they are above being supported by the town;but it of ten happens that they are not above supporting themselves by dishonest means.which should be more disreputable.Cultivate poverty like a garden herb,like sage.Do not trouble yourself much to get new things,whether clothes or friends,Turn the old,return to them.Things do not change;we change.Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts. The furthest distance in the worldIs not between life and deathBut when i stand in front of youYet you don't know thatI love youThe furthest distance in the worldIs not when i stand in font of youYet you can't see my loveBut when undoubtedly knowing the love from bothYet cannotBe togehterThe furthest distance in the worldIs not being apart while being in loveBut when plainly can not resist the yearningYet pretendingYou have never been in my heartThe furthest distance in the worldIs notBut using one's indifferent heartTo dig an uncrossable riverFor the one who loves you赏析Though there is firmly and fully believable that Love is the topic of the poems forever., this one is never die in the long history. It goes without saying that the choice of the view is special. It did not describe how deep the lovers love each other or what they exactly the do after they full in love with each other. Just to tell us what is the most suffering thing in love step by step. Unique! Second, It is really significant to a poem whether the sentences of it are regular or not. If it is, it can leads us to read and recite the poem. This one is the typical without any doubt. The reputation of its writer--Tiger also helped this poem to be well-known by the individuals both young and old, males as well as females, the Chinese and also the foreigners. For the reasons I have mentioned above, this one becomes immoral. This poem----The furthest distance in the world shall never die.夏之眠 Bed in Summer作者：Robert Louis StevensonIn winter I get up at nightAnd dress by yellow candle-light.In summer, quite the other way,I have to go to bed by day.I have to go to bed and seeThe birds still hopping on the tree,Or hear the grown-up people's feetStill going past me in the street.And does it seem hard to you,When all the sky is clear and blue,And I should like so much to play,To have to go to bed by day?Life(中文对照) L.hughesLife can be good,Life can be bad,Life is mostly cheerful,But sometimes sad.Life can be dreams,Life can be great thoughts;Life can mean a person,Sitting in court.Life can be dirty,Life can even be painful;But life is what you make it,So try to make it beautiful.My father was my hero, all throughout my life. The father of eight children, he saw his share of strife1. When I was very little, he appeared to be so large. In my eyes he could do anything, we all knew he was in charge2. He was a man of great strength both physically and in mind, but in him there was a gentleness, he found ways to be outgoing3 and kind. Many days of childhood were greeted with a kiss, and songs to me as I awoke, those days I surely miss. He made me feel so special, “Miss America” he would sing. I knew I had my father's love. It gave me courage to do most4 anything. From him I learned to stand up tall, to be proud of who I am. Strength and determination were the qualities of this fine man. As the years of his life dwindled down5, that strength kept him alive. Plus the unfailing determination to help my ailing6 mother have the care she needed to survive. He loved her and his children, so much he gave up years of his life caring for this woman, his soul�mate, his wife. Day and night he struggled for years with her disease. A lesser man would have been brought down to his knees7. With illnesses of his own, he still stood by her side caring for her and loving her until the day she died. Twenty days later his own time was at an end. I lost my hero, my father, a man who was my friend. A few years have passed, and life just isn't the same. But as Father's Day approaches, I will celebrate8 his name. With prayers to him and God above to stay by my side, to watch over me and guide me, to look down on me with pride. For I am my father's daughter, one day we will meet again. But until then I will remember, and the love will never end.The sea 大海The sea! the sea! the open sea !The blue, the fresh, the ever free!Without a mark, without a bound,It runneth the earth'wide regions round;It plays with the clouds;it mocks the skies; Or like a creadled creature lies.I'm on the sea! I'm on the sea!I am where I would ever be;With the blue above, and the blue below,And silence whereso'er Igo;If a storm should come and awake the deep,What matter? I shall ride and sleep.I love, O, how I love to rideOn the fierce, foaming, bursting tide, When every mad wave drowns the moon Or whistles aloft his tempest tune.And tells how goeth the world below,And why the sou, west blasts do blow. I never was on the dull, tame shore, But I loved the great sea more and more ,And backwords flew to her billow breast,Like a bird that seeketh its mother's nest;And a mother she was, and is, to me; For I was born on the open sea! The waves were white, and red the morn, In the noisy hour when I was born;And the whale it whistled, the porpoise rolled,And the dolphins bared their backs of gold;And never was heard such an outcry wildAs welcomed to life the ocean-child!I've lived since then, in calm and strife,Full fifty summers, a sailor's life,With wealth to spend and a power to range, But never have sought nor sighed for change; And death, whenever he comes to me,Shall come on the wild, unbounded sea!

英语诗歌是英语语言的精华。它以最凝练的文字传递时间与空间、物质与精神、理智与情感。诗歌本身包含的丰富社会生活内容和艺术内涵，诗歌语言的独特的美与和谐都使它们具有无穷的魅力。下面我为大家带来经典英文诗阅读，欢迎大家学习!

经典英文诗欣赏：海湾

At low tide like this how sheer the water is.

White， crumbling ribs of marl protrude and glare

and the boats are dry， the pilings dry as matches，

Absorbing， rather than being absorbed，

the water in the bight doesn't wet anything，

the color of the gas flame turned as low as possible.

One can smell it turning to gas; if one were Baudelaire

one could probably hear it turning to marimba music.

The little ocher dredge at work off the end of the dock

already plays the dry perfectly off-beat claves.

The birds are outsize. Pelicans crash

into this peculiar gas unnecessarily hard.

it seems to me， like pickaxes，

rarely coming up with anything to show for it，

and going off with humorous elbowings，

Black-and-white man-of-war birds soar

on impalpable drafts

and open their tails like scissors on the curves

or tense them like wishbones， till they tremble.

The frowsy sponge boats keep coming in

with the obliging air of retrievers，

bristling with jackstraw gaffs and hooks

and decorated with bobbles of sponges.

There is a fence of chicken wire along the dock

where， glinting like little plowshares，

the blue-gray shark tails are hung up to dry

for the Chinese-restaurant trade.

Some of the little white boats are still piled up

against each other， or lie on their sides， stove in，

and not yet salvaged， if they ever will be， from the last bad storm.

like torn-open， unanswered letters.

the bight is littered with old correspondences.

Click. Click. Goes the dredge，

and brings up a dripping jawful of marl.

All the untidy activity continues，

awful but cheerful.

海潮退到这样的时候，水便分外清澈了。

白色的石灰泥滩，层层露出水来，浪纹斑驳，闪耀亮眼。

条条小船，晒得干干的;根根木桩，则干得像火柴棒。

吸收而非被吸收，

海湾里的水弄不湿任何东西，

而且呈现出一种瓦斯火开至最低时的颜色。

你可以闻到那海水正转化成瓦斯;假如你是波特莱尔的话

你说不定可以听到那海水正转化成马林巴木琴的声音。

而码头尾端，一个褐色小型捞网正在那里捞着

一直在那里以绝对冷硬的调子，打着双节棒，伴奏着。

水鸟都是特大号的。鹈鹕哗啦冲

入这一泓奇异的瓦斯之中，真是小题大作，

这景象对我来说，有点像鹤嘴锄，

一锄下去，拉回来看看，什么也没有，

于是只好游到一边，样子滑稽的挤入鹈鹕堆里去了。

黑白相间的军舰鸟翱翔在

捉摸不定的气流里

尾巴张开，如剪刀弯弯裁过

尾巴紧绷，如叉骨绷然颤动。

腥臭的海绵船不断的开了进来

以一种猎狗衔回东西般的殷勤姿态，

上面竖立着稻草人般的鱼叉鱼钩

装饰着垂悬吊幌的海绵。

沿着码头，有一排方格铁丝网墙

上面，挂着闪闪发光犁刀般

灰蓝鲨的尾巴，一条条的，在那里风干，

准备卖给中国餐馆。

一些白色的小船，仍然相互靠在一起

堆着放，或侧着放，船身破裂，

还没修好(要是将来真还会去修的话)，都是上回暴风弄坏的，

像一封封拆开而没有回复的信。

这小海湾内到处都丢着废弃的信件。

卡啦卡啦，捞网上下捞着，

捞上来滴滴答答一大堆石灰泥。

所有乱七八糟的事都在进行着，糟是糟透了，不过却满愉快的。

经典英文诗欣赏：茵湖岛

I will arise and go now， and go to Innisfree，

And a small cabin build there， of clay and wattles made;

Nine bean-rows will I have there， a hive for the honey-bee，

And Live alone in the bee-loud glade.

此刻我将动身前去，去那茵湖岛，

在那儿搭建一座小木屋，以泥块枝桠编织而成;

种几地大豆，弄个蜂巢，养些蜜蜂，

遗世独立于那片蜂儿高鸣的林间野地。

And I shall have some peace there， for peace comes dropping slow，

Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;

There midnight's all a glimmer， and noon a purple glow，

And evening full of the linnet's wings.

我将在那儿安详过日子，这安详缓缓滴落

由清晨的迷蒙到蟋蟀的鸣唱;

那儿的子夜，星光闪烁;中午，紫光一片;

而黄昏，飞满野雀的红翼。

I will arise and go now， for always night and day，

I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;

Whil I stand on the roadway， or on the pavements gray，

I hear it in the deep heart's core.

此刻我将动身前去，因为日日夜夜

我听到那湖水轻拍岸边的低语，

当我伫足在大道上，或在灰蒙的小径时，

我听到那湖水在我心深处回响不绝。