医学写作英文

No.1句子结构——短句是准则用清楚的英语书写的文章更容易被发表，这一点需要牢记。据统计，1600年，平均每个英文句子有 40到60个单词；1900年，平均每个英文句子有 21个单词；1970年，平均每个句子有 17个单词；而现在，平均每个英语句子只有 12到 17个单词。由此可见，现代英语的发展趋势是由繁至简的。中文写作惯用长句，而英语，特别是科技英语，通常使用非常精炼的句子。短句是准则，使用简短而表意清楚的句子并不显得幼稚。专业的英语作者使用短句。No. 2可数名词和不可数（物质）名词Posted十二月 10th, 2007 by admin单数可数名词（可以计数的事物）通常用冠词修饰；复数可数名词有时用冠词修饰。不可数名词（难以计数的事物；也称物质名词）没有复数形式；不可数名词有时也用冠词修饰。首先要确定该名词是可数名词还是不可数名词，然后考虑如何对这个名词计数。No. 3逗号的正确使用方法逗号是最难掌握的标点符号类型，逗号使用不当会改变句子的意思。在表示重要的和非重要的信息时，请多留意逗号的用法。推荐用法：The equipment that we used was madeby the XX Company.可行用法：The equipment which we used was made by the XX Company.错误用法：The equipment, which we used, wasmade by the XX Company.正确用法：The equipment, which was made in Shanghai, was very expensive.当你校对标点符号的使用时，要特别注意以下单词：that、which和 who；此时应再次确认，此信息是重要信息还是是可以省略的多余信息。如果此信息是重要的，切勿使用逗号。如果此信息是附加的、不重要的，必须使用逗号。No. 4动词时态一般过去时用于表示你所做过的事：In this study, a number of functional and structuralproperties of sodium were compared to determine the underlying reason for theobserved functional changes.过去时通常用于描述研究的结果：Assessment of size using standarddenaturing gel conditions showed multiple bands whose size was consistent withdiscrete oligomeric forms of A.一般现在时用于陈述事实：Alzheimer's disease is a fatalprogressive dementia.一般现在时用于指代图表内容：The amino acid sequence of the synthetic Vpu (1-40) peptidesused in this study is shown in Figure 1A.现在完成时用于指代持续有效的已经进行过的研究或过去开始的现正正在进行的动作：The current state of GPCR researchhas evolved in large measure from observations made in two parallelsystems.Jones et al have shown that …检查文章是否使用了正确的动词时态：介绍性的语言的时态应该主要使用现在时和现在完成时。描述材料和方法的语言的时态应该主要使用一般过去时。对于结果和讨论的描述，结果应该主要使用过去时；而对于其他研究的观察一般使用现在时或现在完成时。No. 5冠词使用规则定冠词“the”指代当前情况：We began the experiment；the ”指代常识：The situation in Iraq isdeteriorating；the”指代之前提到的名词：We tested a new measuring device anda new mixer. The new mixer worked well.不定冠词“A/an”指代在前面没有提到的名词：We planned anew experiment.The fluidwas separated with a centrifuge.冠词的使用取决于冠词出现的上下文以及冠词之后名词的类型。什么时候使用“a/an”或者“the”（所有例句选自最近的 ACS Chemical Biology）：The emergence of antibioticresistance poses a major threat to human health, prompting interest in theexploration of new antibiotic targets.Zinc is the second most abundant “trace”element in the body. This metal ion is vitalfor normal cellular function as acofactor in numerous enzymes, in transcription factors, in the immune system,and in the reproductive system.These data provided solid evidence that theobserved IgG antibody response is T-cell dependenNo. 6词首字母大小写问题关于地名和地理学术语如何正确大写的问题。因为中文不牵涉大写问题，所以中文母语的作者可能会有点迷惑。其实大写问题对于英语母语的作者而言也不太容易理顺。大写问题虽然棘手，但是下面的小贴士会对您有所帮助。一般而言定义明确的地区的首写字母要大写，以下是 The Economist Style Guide的建议：“Use upper case for definitegeographical places, regions, areas and countries, and for vague but recognisedpolitical or geographical areas…lower case for east, west, north, south exceptwhen part of a name.”（大写用于明确的地理学位置、地区、区域、国家以及模糊但是被认可的行政或地理区域 east, west, north, south等用小写，但当他们是名称一部分的时候除外。）这条通用法则也适用于地球表面的地带，如 North Temperate Zone, the Equator等。No. 7常见易混单词英语中有许多对单词很容易混淆。此贴士主要讨论拼写相近而意义不同单词，或者充当不同词性的单词。优..助服务

How to Keep Healthy Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy？ Different people may give different answers to this question. In my opinion， it is essential to do the following. First， it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. This strengthens the heart， reduces the chance of heart attack， and helps lower blood pressure. That's why more and more people are becoming active in various kinds of sports and exercises. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run， jog， walk or dance to music. In the afternoon，there are also many people keen on sports. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis， others go in for gymnastics or track events. Through sports and exercise， people become healthier and stronger. Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish. Fat can build up in the arteries， block the flow ofpressure. That's why more and more people are becoming active in various kinds of sports and exercises. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run， jog， walk or dance to music. In the afternoon，there are also many people keen on sports. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis， others go in for gymnastics or track events. Through sports and exercise， people become healthier and stronger. Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish. Fat can build up in the arteries， block the flow of blood， and cause a heart attack or stroke. Getting rid of bad habits like smoking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one's health a great deal， and therefore should be given up. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. If people follow these three ways of keeping fit， they greatly improve their health. 现在越来越多的人担心自己的健康。可是如何保持健康呢？不同的人对这个问题可能会给予不同的回答。依我之见，按照下面几点去做很有必要。 首先，天天坚持锻炼绝对必要。有关研究表明，多多锻炼身体使心脏跳动更快，使肺部功能更强，就可大大加强心脏功能，减少心力衰竭的可能性，同时有助于降低血压。 因此，越来越多的人们正积极参加各种运动和各种锻炼。每天早晨，许多人清早起床锻炼身体。有的打太极拳，有的练习舞剑，有的跑步，有的慢跑，有的散步，有的配合着音乐跳舞。下午同样有许多人喜爱运动。有些打篮球，有些打排球或乒乓球，还有些爱好体操或参加田径项目。人们通过运动和锻炼，身体越来越健壮。 医学研究工作者已经证明，人的饮食影响人的健康。他们劝告人们多吃水果和蔬菜，少吃牛肉、猪肉等肉类，因为这些肉类比家禽和鱼含有更多的脂肪。脂肪可积聚在动脉里，阻挡血液流通，并引起心力衰竭或造成中风。 戒除像吸烟、酗酒这样的坏习惯，也是一种保持健康的重要方法。吸烟、酗酒极大地损害健康，

一些人认为希波克拉底的誓词对于当前情况不适用，应当根据情况修改。你是怎么看的，请陈述你的观点并且尽力说服读者。抱歉， stards quo这个词语查不到，不知道是不是你打错了。

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