盛于明清英文

盛于明清的是茶马古道。茶马古道源于古代西南边疆的茶马互市，兴于唐宋，盛于明清。

茶马古道起源于唐宋时期的“茶马互市”。因康藏属高寒地区，海拔都在三四千米以上，糌粑、奶类、酥油茶、牛羊肉是藏民的主食。但藏区不产茶，而在内地，民间役使和军队征战都需要大量的骡马，但供不应求，而藏区则产良马。于是，具有互补性的茶和马的交易即“茶马互市”便应运而生。

茶马古道的影响：

第一、茶马古道是当今世界上地势最高的贸易通道。

第二、茶马古道从来都是民族融合与和谐之道，它见证着中国乃至亚洲各民族间千百来因茶而缔结的血肉情感。

第三、茶马古道是民族迁徙的走廊，它为人类寻找永恒的家园提供了许多实证。

第四、茶马古道是佛教东传之路，是世界文明的主要通道，在茶马古道上，多元文化开始融合。

中国结渊源久远，始于上古，兴于唐宋，盛于明清。史载：“上古结绳而治，后世圣人易之以书契。”唐代的铜镜图案中，绘有口含绳结的飞鸟，寓意永结秦晋之好。经过几千年时间，绳早已不是记事的工具，它从实用绳结技艺演变成为今天精致的艺术品。 绳结在中国古代生活中的应用相当广泛。最早的衣服没有今天的纽扣、拉链等，系衣服多借助衣带打结之法。中国人一向有佩带饰物的习惯，饰物基本上都靠穿绳打结系在衣服上。古人有将印鉴佩挂在身上的习惯，所以流传下来的汉印都带有印纽。而古代铜镜背面中央都铸有镜纽，可以系绳以便于手持。古人喜欢用锦带编成连环回文式的结来表达相爱的情愫，并美其名曰：“同心结”。~给你个网址里面有: 中国结的历史 中国结欣赏 中国结制作 结之起源 大型挂饰区 工具与材料 中国结的历史 中型挂饰区 编结用线 中国结的文化内涵 精美小饰品 结艺课堂 中国结的特点 景泰蓝挂饰 书籍推荐 中国结的源、承、艺、祈 各系列中国结

你自己选择！~第一种Mid-autumn DayMid-autumn Day is a Chinese festival. It usually comes in September or October .On that day we usually eat a big dinner and mooncakes. It is said "Hou Yi" missed his wife, so he made mooncakes. It looks like the moon. There are many kinds of mooncakes. They are small round cakes with meat, nuts or something sweet inside . eating mooncakes has been our custom. Families stay outside in the open air eat a big dinner and mooncakes. The most important thing is looking at the moon, On that day, the moon kooks brighter and rounder. We call this moon the full moon. On that day, families get together, so we call this day getting –together. This is Mid –autumn Day. I love it very much. Because on that day I can eat mooncakes. And my brother comes back home. He works outside all year. Only that day and the Spring Festival. He comes back. So that day I am especially happy. On that day my family gets together◆第一种The joyous Mid-Autumn Festival was celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth moon，around the time of the autumn equinox（秋分）. Many referred to it simply as the “Fifteenth of the Eighth Moon”.This day was also considered as a harvest festival since fruits，vegetables and grain had been harvested by this time and food was abundant. Food offerings were placed on an altar set up in the courtyard. Apples，pears，peaches，grapes，pomegranates（石榴），melons，oranges and pomelos（柚子）might be seen. Special foods for the festival included moon cakes，cooked taro（芋头）and water caltrope（菱角），a type of water chestnut resembling black buffalo horns. Some people insisted that cooked taro be included because at the time of creation，taro was the first food discovered at night in the moonlight. Of all these foods，it could not be omitted from the Mid-Autumn Festival.The round moon cakes，measuring about three inches in diameter and one and a half inches in thickness，resembled Western fruitcakes in taste and consistency. These cakes were made with melon seeds（西瓜子），lotus seeds（莲籽），almonds（杏仁），minced meats，bean paste，orange peels and lard（猪油）. A golden yolk（蛋黄）from a salted duck egg was placed at the center of each cake，and the golden brown crust was decorated with symbols of the festival. Traditionally，thirteen moon cakes were piled in a pyramid to symbolize the thirteen moons of a “complete year，” that is，twelve moons plus one intercalary（闰月的）moon.The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festivity for both the Han and minority nationalities. The custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back as far as the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties（2000 B.C.-1066 B.C.）. In the Zhou Dynasty（1066 B.C.-221 B.C.），people hold ceremonies to greet winter and worship the moon whenever the Mid-Autumn Festival sets in. It becomes very prevalent in the Tang Dynasty（618-907 A.D.）that people enjoy and worship the full moon. In the Southern Song Dynasty（1127-1279 A.D.），however，people send round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in expression of their best wishes of family reunion. When it becomes dark，they look up at the full silver moon or go sightseeing on lakes to celebrate the festival. Since the Ming（1368-1644 A.D. ）and Qing Dynasties（1644-1911A.D.），the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival celebration becomes unprecedented popular. Together with the celebration there appear some special customs in different parts of the country，such as burning incense（熏香），planting Mid-Autumn trees，lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances. However，the custom of playing under the moon is not so popular as it used to be nowadays，but it is not less popular to enjoy the bright silver moon. Whenever the festival sets in，people will look up at the full silver moon，drinking wine to celebrate their happy life or thinking of their relatives and friends far from home，and extending all of their best wishes to them.Moon CakesThere is this story about the moon-cake. during the Yuan dynasty（A.D. 1280-1368）China was ruled by the Mongolian people. Leaders from the preceding Sung dynasty（A.D. 960-1280）were unhappy at submitting to the foreign rule，and set how to coordinate the rebellion without being discovered. The leaders of the rebellion，knowing that the Moon Festival was drawing near，ordered the making of special cakes. Backed into each moon cake was a message with the outline of the attack. On the night of the Moon Festival，the rebels successfully attached and overthrew the government. Today，moon cakes are eaten to commemorate this legend and was called the Moon Cake.For generations，moon cakes have been made with sweet fillings of nuts，mashed red beans，lotus-seed paste or Chinese dates（枣子），wrapped in a pastry. Sometimes a cooked egg yolk can be found in the middle of the rich tasting dessert. People compare moon cakes to the plum pudding and fruit cakes which are served in the English holiday seasons.Nowadays，there are hundreds varieties of moon cakes on sale a month before the arrival of Moon Festival◆第二种Mooncakes are to Mid-Autumn Festival what mince pies are to Christmas. The seasonal round cakes traditionally have a sweet filling of lotus seed paste or red bean paste and often have one or more salted duck eggs in the center to represent the moon. And the moon is what this celebration is all about. Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month, it is the time when the moon is said to be at its brightest and fullest. This year the festival falls on October 1.There are two legends which claim to explain the tradition of eating mooncakes. One Tang Dynasty myth holds that the Earth once had 10 suns circling it. One day all 10 suns appeared at once, scorching the planet with their heat. It was thanks to a skillful archer named Hou Yi that the Earth was saved. He shot down all but one of the suns. As his reward, the Heavenly Queen Mother gave Hou Yi the Elixir of Immortality, but she warned him that he must use it wisely. Hou Yi ignored her advice and, corrupted by fame and fortune, became a tyrannical leader. Chang-Er, his beautiful wife, could no longer stand by and watch him abuse his power so she stole his Elixir and fled to the moon to escape his angry wrath. And thus began the legend of the beautiful woman in the moon, the Moon Fairy.The second legend has it that during the Yuan Dynasty, an underground group led by Zhu Yuan Zang was determined to rid the country of Mongolian dominance. The moon cake was created to carry a secret message. When the cake was opened and the message read, an uprising was unleashed which successfully routed the Mongolians. It happened at the time of the full moon, which, some say, explains why mooncakes are eaten at this time.Mooncakes are usually stamped with Chinese characters indicating the name of the bakery and the type of filling used. Some bakeries will even stamp them with your family name so that you can give personalised ones to friends and family. They are usually presented in boxes of four which indicate the four phases of the moon. Traditional mooncakes are made with melted lard, but today vegetable oil is more often used in the interests of health.Mooncakes are not for the diet-conscious as they are loaded with calories. The best way to wash down one of these sticky cakes is with a cup of Chinese tea, especially Jasmine or Chrysanthemum tea, which aids the digestion.中秋节吃月饼就像西方人圣诞节吃百果馅饼一样，是必不可少的。圆圆的月饼中通常包有香甜的莲子馅或是红豆馅，馅的中央还会加上一个金黄的咸鸭蛋黄来代表月亮。而月亮正是中秋节庆祝的主题。每年农历8月15日人们一起庆祝中秋，据说这一天的月亮是一年中最亮最圆的。今年的中秋节恰好是阳历的10月1日（中国的国庆日）。关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。一个是唐朝的神话故事，说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中，巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳，地球才被保住。为了奖励后羿，王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药，但是王母警告他必须正当使用。然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告，他被名利冲昏了头脑，变成了一个暴君。后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观，于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药，飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥，这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。第二个传说讲的是在元朝，朱元璋领导的起义军计划起义来摆脱蒙古族的统治。他们用月饼来传递密信。掰开月饼就可以找到里面的密信，起义军通过这种方式成功的发动了起义，赶走了元朝的统治者。这场起义发生在八月十五之时，于是中秋节吃月饼的习俗便在民间传开来。

中国结渊源久远，始于上古，兴于唐宋，盛于明清。史载：“上古结绳而治，后世圣人易之以书契。”唐代的铜镜图案中，绘有口含绳结的飞鸟，寓意永结秦晋之好。经过几千年时间，绳早已不是记事的工具，它从实用绳结技艺演变成为今天精致的艺术品。 绳结在中国古代生活中的应用相当广泛。最早的衣服没有今天的纽扣、拉链等，系衣服多借助衣带打结之法。中国人一向有佩带饰物的习惯，饰物基本上都靠穿绳打结系在衣服上。古人有将印鉴佩挂在身上的习惯，所以流传下来的汉印都带有印纽。而古代铜镜背面中央都铸有镜纽，可以系绳以便于手持。古人喜欢用锦带编成连环回文式的结来表达相爱的情愫，并美其名曰：“同心结”。~给你个网址里面有: 中国结的历史 中国结欣赏 中国结制作 结之起源 大型挂饰区 工具与材料 中国结的历史 中型挂饰区 编结用线 中国结的文化内涵 精美小饰品 结艺课堂 中国结的特点 景泰蓝挂饰 书籍推荐 中国结的源、承、艺、祈 各系列中国结中国结由旧石器时代的缝衣打结，推展至汉朝的仪礼记事，再演变成今日的装饰手艺。周朝人随身的佩戴玉常以中国结为装饰，而战国时代铜器上也有中国结的图案，延续至清朝才是中国结真正流传于民间艺术的时候，当时多用来室内装饰、亲友间的馈赠礼物及个人的随身饰物。民国69年(1980)，由台湾一群热爱结绳艺术的朋友广为收集整理与研究，因为其外观对称精致，可以代表出中华民族悠久的历史，符合中国传统装饰的习俗和审美观念，故命名为中国结。Chinese knot by paleolithic sew knot, promote the han dynasty to Chicago, then turned into this chronicle of adornment craftsmanship. The man wearing jade often to carry the Chinese knot adornment, but also has the warring states bronze pattern of Chinese knot, continues to the qing dynasty is the Chinese knot really spread in the folk art, when many friends to interior decoration, between the individual with presents and ornaments. In (1980), a group of love by Taiwan rope friends of art collection and research, is because its appearance, can represent a delicate symmetry of the nation's history, with the custom of Chinese traditional decoration and aesthetic ideas, so named Chinese knot.中国结不仅造型优美、色彩多样，同时作品的命名，如「双寿」、「双喜」、「凤麟呈祥」、「鲤跃龙门」、「福寿双全」、 「万事如意」、「吉庆有余」、「方胜平安」…等，都具有中华民族特有吉祥美满的象征，将这些具有特殊意义的结饰送给亲友，不但喜气洋溢，也是一种千情万意的祝福。China not only beautiful modelling, colour diversity, also named as "the work, double sau", "the double phoenix", "ChengXiang Lin yue", "("," fushou commander longmen ", "happiness", "more happy", "peace" and gives. Etc, are the symbol of national characteristic and the special significance, ornaments for friends and relatives, not only happy, also is a kind of thousands of emotion million.

Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon Festival, Autumn Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, August Festival, August Festival, Chasing Moon Festival, Moon Festival, Moon Festival, Daughter's Day or Reunion Festival.

翻译：中秋节，又称月夕、秋节、仲秋节、八月节、八月会、追月节、玩月节、拜月节、女儿节或团圆节。

The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional cultural festival popular among many ethnic groups in China and the Chinese cultural circle. It is on the 15th day of the lunar calendar.

翻译：中秋节是流行于中国众多民族与汉字文化圈诸国的传统文化节日，时在农历八月十五。

Because it is just half of the autumn, hence the name, there are some places to set the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 16.

翻译：因其恰值三秋之半，故名，也有些地方将中秋节定在八月十六。

扩展资料：

学界一般的观点是，中秋节形成于唐宋，盛于明清，但是，从宋代开始一直到清代末年，尽管有许多关于中秋节庆祝活动的记载，如宋吴自牧《梦梁录》中的“王孙公子，富家巨室，莫不登危楼，临轩玩月，或登广榭，玳筵罗列，琴瑟铿锵，酌酒髙歌，以卜竟夕之欢”。

又如明田汝成《西湖游览志馀》中的“携榼湖船，沿游彻晓”，“苏堤之上，联袂踏歌”等。这些描述中的中秋节更像是达官显贵和市民阶层的一种娱乐和游艺活动，并非传统意义上的民间节日。

关于中秋节的起源，我们应该从两个角度谈，一个是官方的，一个是民间的。从官方角度讲，中秋节是在辛亥革命后才开始成为一种全国性节日的。

辛亥革命后，民国政府改阴历为公历，并对传统节日进行了调整，将传统农历元旦（也就是正月初一，现在的春节）挪至公历一月一号，名为元旦。然后又依次制定了春、夏、秋、冬四个节日。

即原来的农历正月初一元旦更名为春节，端午节更名为夏节，八月十五更名为秋节，冬至更名为冬节。

这就是说，从民国时期开始，中秋节，也就是秋节，才成为一个举国欢庆的节日。从民间角度看，中秋节尽管不像其他节日一样历史悠久，成熟完整，但中秋节却有着鲜明地方特色，且带有明显仪式和信仰色彩。

参考资料来源：人民网-中秋节